A/HRC/16/45 Contents Paragraphs Page Part One Report on the activities of the independent expert I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–2 3 II. Activities of the independent expert........................................................................ 3–23 3 A. Country visits.................................................................................................. 3–5 3 B. Forum on Minority Issues............................................................................... 6–13 4 C. Collaboration with the United Nations specialized agencies .......................... 14–18 6 D. Activities to promote minority issues in the context of the Millennium Development Goals..................................................................... 19–23 7 Introduction............................................................................................................. 24–43 8 A. The link between minority rights violations and violent conflict ................... 31–39 9 B. Early warning indicators................................................................................. 40–43 11 Protection of minority rights: a national tool for avoiding violent conflicts ........... 44–64 12 A. Effective participation in political life and decision-making .......................... 48–51 13 B. Protection of cultural identity ......................................................................... 52–55 13 C. Non-discrimination and equality..................................................................... 56–64 14 III. A minority rights perspective at the international level: a tool for conflict prevention................................................................................................................ 65–79 16 Part Two Thematic study: the role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention I. II. 2 A. United Nations institutional framework.......................................................... 66–77 16 B. Regional organizations ................................................................................... 78–79 18 IV. Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 80–102 19 A. Recommendations for the national level......................................................... 85–94 19 B. Recommendations for the international level ................................................. 95–102 20

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