Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 38
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In many instances, however, public financing is unequally distributed. Middle-class households often benefit from subsidies, both direct subsidies and "hidden" subsidies. Direct subsidies include tax breaks or financial incentives for constructing a toilet, which, when poorly targeted tend to benefit middle-income families. Subsidies are "hidden" when public financing is used to construct infrastructure and services that are intended to be used by all, but in fact are only available to middle- and high-income households.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation