Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 36
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The Special Rapporteur is concerned at widespread discrimination and violence suffered by women as a result of their sexual orientation and gender identity. The visit to Kyrgyzstan indicated a high level of societal homophobia, discrimination and violence against lesbian, bisexual and transgender people. Interlocutors shared accounts of incidents of such violence, including brutal gang rapes, "curative" rapes and family violence owing to their sexual identity and gender identity. One study indicated that 23 per cent of lesbian and bisexual women have had forced sexual contacts and 56 per cent have had their families try to force them to change their sexual identity or orientation. A similar pattern was found during the visit to El Salvador, where murders had increased towards homosexuals, bisexuals, transgender and intersex communities from 4 in 2003 to at least 12 in 2009. Accounts of widespread discrimination and violence, including gang rapes and family violence, were shared with the Special Rapporteur.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences