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General recommendation No. 39 (2022) on the rights of Indigenous women and girls
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CEDAW - Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- CEDAW/C/GC/39
- Date modified
- Nov 5, 2024
Document
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 34a
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Blind and partially sighted students must be provided with opportunities to learn Braille, alternative script, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, as well as orientation and mobility skills. Investment in access to appropriate technology and alternative communication systems to facilitate learning should be supported. Peer support and mentoring schemes should be introduced and encouraged.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 44
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Legislation should identify other forms of leave, in particular entitlements to maternity, paternity and parental leave, to leave for family reasons and to paid sick leave. Workers should not be placed on temporary contracts in order to be excluded from such leave entitlements.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 34d
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Learners with communication impairments must be provided with the opportunity to express themselves and learn using alternative or augmentative communication. This may include but is not limited to provision of sign language, low or high tech communication aids such as tablets with speech output, voice output communication aids (VOCAS) or communication books. States parties should invest in developing expertise, technology and services in order to promote access to appropriate technology and alternative communication systems to facilitate learning.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 48
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- All workers should be free from physical and mental harassment, including sexual harassment. Legislation, such as anti-discrimination laws, the penal code and labour legislation, should define harassment broadly, with explicit reference to sexual and other forms of harassment, such as on the basis of sex, disability, race, sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status. A specific definition of sexual harassment in the workplace is appropriate, and legislation should criminalize and punish sexual harassment as appropriate. A national policy to be applied in the workplace, in both the public and private sectors, should include at least the following elements: (a) explicit coverage of harassment by and against any worker; (b) prohibition of certain acts that constitute harassment, including sexual harassment; (c) identification of specific duties of employers, managers, supervisors and workers to prevent and, where relevant, resolve and remedy harassment cases; (d) access to justice for victims, including through free legal aid; (e) compulsory training for all staff, including for managers and supervisors; (f) protection of victims, including the provision of focal points to assist them, as well as avenues of complaint and redress; (g) explicit prohibition of reprisals; (h) procedures for notification and reporting to a central public authority of claims of sexual harassment and their resolution; (i) provision of a clearly visible workplace-specific policy, developed in consultation with workers, employers and their representative organizations, and other relevant stakeholders such as civil society organizations.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 53
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- States parties must take effective measures, to provide habilitation and rehabilitation services within the education system, including healthcare, occupational, physical, social, counselling and other services (article 26). Such services must begin at the earliest stage possible, adopt a multidisciplinary assessment of a student's strengths, and support maximum independence, autonomy, respect of dignity, full physical, mental, social and vocational ability and inclusion and participation in all aspects of life. The Committee stresses the significance of supporting the development of community-based rehabilitation, that addresses early identification, and peer support.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 33
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- As prescribed by article 2 (1) of the Covenant, States parties must take steps, to the maximum of their available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health. States parties must move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full realization of the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. This means that, while full realization of the goal may be achieved progressively, steps towards it must be taken immediately or within a reasonably short period of time. Such steps should be deliberate, concrete and targeted, using all appropriate means, particularly including, but not limited to, the adoption of legislative and budgetary measures.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 32
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Paragraph 2 (e) requires that adequate continuous personalised support is provided directly. The Committee emphasizes the necessity for the provision of individualised education plans, which can identify the reasonable accommodations and specific support required for an individual student, including the provision of assistive compensatory aids, specific learning materials in alternative/accessible formats, modes and means of communication, and communication aids and assistive and information technology. Support can also consist of a qualified learning support assistant, either shared or on a one-to-one basis, depending on the requirements of the student. Individualized education plans must address the transitions experienced by the learners from segregated settings and between levels of education. Effectiveness of these plans should be regularly monitored and evaluated with the direct involvement of the learner concerned. The nature of provision must be determined in collaboration with the student, together, where appropriate, with the parents or caregivers/third parties. The learner must have access to recourse mechanisms if the support is unavailable or inadequate.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 34c
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Students who are blind, deaf or deafblind must be provided with education delivered in the most appropriate languages and modes and means of communication for the individual, and in environments which maximize personal, academic and social development both within and outside formal school settings. The Committee emphasises that for such inclusive environments to occur, States parties should provide the required support, including by way of resources, assisted technology, and provision of orientation and mobility skills.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to inclusive education 2016, para. 61f
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- [A comprehensive and co-ordinated legislative and policy framework for inclusive education must be introduced, together with a clear and adequate time frame for implementation and sanctions for violations. It must address issues of flexibility, diversity and equality in all educational institutions for all learners, and identify responsibilities at all levels of government. Key elements will include:] Introduction of comprehensive quality standards for inclusive education and disability-inclusive monitoring mechanisms to track progress in implementation at all levels and ensure that policies and programmes are implemented and backed by the requisite investment.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 34
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- States parties are under immediate obligation to eliminate discrimination against individuals and groups and to guarantee their equal right to sexual and reproductive health. This requires States to repeal or reform laws and policies that nullify or impair the ability of certain individuals and groups to realize their right to sexual and reproductive health. There exists a wide range of laws, policies and practices that undermine autonomy and right to equality and non-discrimination in the full enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health, for example criminalization of abortion or restrictive abortion laws. States parties should also ensure that all individuals and groups have equal access to the full range of sexual and reproductive health information, goods and services, including by removing all barriers that particular groups may face.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 49e
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- [States parties have a core obligation to ensure, at the very least, minimum essential levels of satisfaction of the right to sexual and reproductive health. In this regard, States parties should be guided by contemporary human rights instruments and jurisprudence, as well as the most current international guidelines and protocols established by United Nations agencies, in particular WHO and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The core obligations include at least the following:] To take measures to prevent unsafe abortions and to provide post-abortion care and counselling for those in need;
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 7
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Racist hate speech can take many forms and is not confined to explicitly racial remarks. As is the case with discrimination under article 1, speech attacking particular racial or ethnic groups may employ indirect language in order to disguise its targets and objectives. In line with their obligations under the Convention, States parties should give due attention to all manifestations of racist hate speech and take effective measures to combat them. The principles articulated in the present recommendation apply to racist hate speech, whether emanating from individuals or groups, in whatever forms it manifests itself, orally or in print, or disseminated through electronic media, including the Internet and social networking sites, as well as non-verbal forms of expression such as the display of racist symbols, images and behaviour at public gatherings, including sporting events.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 35
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- In order to promote inter-ethnic understanding, balanced and objective representations of history are essential, and, where atrocities have been committed against groups of the population, days of remembrance and other public events should be held, where appropriate in context, to recall such human tragedies, as well as celebrations of successful resolution of conflicts. Truth and reconciliation commissions can also play a vital role in countering the persistence of racial hatred and facilitating the development of a climate of inter-ethnic tolerance.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 38
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The Committee recommends that educational, cultural and informational strategies to combat racist hate speech should be underpinned by systematic data collection and analysis in order to assess the circumstances under which hate speech emerges, the audiences reached or targeted, the means by which they are reached, and media responses to hate messages. International cooperation in this area helps to increase not only the possibilities of comparability of data but also knowledge of and the means to combat hate speech that transcends national boundaries.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 17
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The Committee reiterates that it is not enough to declare the forms of conduct in article 4 as offences; the provisions of the article must also be effectively implemented. Effective implementation is characteristically achieved through investigations of offences set out in the Convention and, where appropriate, the prosecution of offenders. The Committee recognizes the principle of expediency in the prosecution of alleged offenders, and observes that it must in each case be applied in the light of the guarantees laid down in the Convention and in other instruments of international law. In this and other respects under the Convention, the Committee recalls that it is not its function to review the interpretation of facts and national law made by domestic authorities, unless the decisions are manifestly absurd or unreasonable.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 35
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Incommunicado detention that prevents prompt presentation before a judge inherently violates paragraph 3. Depending on its duration and other facts, incommunicado detention may also violate other rights under the Covenant, including articles 6, 7, 10 and 14. States parties should permit and facilitate access to counsel for detainees in criminal cases from the outset of their detention.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CCPR - Human Rights Committee
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 54
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Article 9 also reinforces the obligations of States parties under the Covenant and the Optional Protocol to protect individuals against reprisals for having cooperated or communicated with the Committee, such as physical intimidation or threats to personal liberty.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CCPR - Human Rights Committee
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 7
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- States parties have the duty to take appropriate measures to protect the right to liberty of person against deprivation by third parties. States parties must protect individuals against abduction or detention by individual criminals or irregular groups, including armed or terrorist groups, operating within their territory. They must also protect individuals against wrongful deprivation of liberty by lawful organizations, such as employers, schools and hospitals. States parties should do their utmost to take appropriate measures to protect individuals against deprivation of liberty by the action of other States within their territory.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CCPR - Human Rights Committee
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 55g
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions adopt or amend legislation with a view to effectively addressing and eliminating harmful practices. In doing so, they should ensure:] That a legal requirement of marriage registration is established and effective implementation is provided through awareness-raising, education and the existence of adequate infrastructure to make registration accessible to all persons within their jurisdiction;
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRC - Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 20
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The Covenant is consistent with a variety of schemes for sentencing in criminal cases. Convicted prisoners are entitled to have the duration of their sentences administered in accordance with domestic law. Consideration for parole or other forms of early release must be in accordance with the law and such release must not be denied on grounds that are arbitrary within the meaning of article 9. If such release is granted upon conditions and later the release is revoked because of an alleged breach of the conditions, then the revocation must also be carried out in accordance with law and must not be arbitrary and, in particular, not disproportionate to the seriousness of the breach. A prediction of the prisoner's future behaviour may be a relevant factor in deciding whether to grant early release.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CCPR - Human Rights Committee
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Accessibility 2014, para. 26
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The duty to provide reasonable accommodation is an ex nunc duty, which means that it is enforceable from the moment an individual with an impairment needs it in a given situation, for example, workplace or school, in order to enjoy her or his rights on an equal basis in a particular context. Here, accessibility standards can be an indicator, but may not be taken as prescriptive. Reasonable accommodation can be used as a means of ensuring accessibility for an individual with a disability in a particular situation. Reasonable accommodation seeks to achieve individual justice in the sense that non-discrimination or equality is assured, taking the dignity, autonomy and choices of the individual into account. Thus, a person with a rare impairment might ask for accommodation that falls outside the scope of any accessibility standard.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Equal recognition before the law 2014, para. 3
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- On the basis of the initial reports of various States parties that it has reviewed so far, the Committee observes that there is a general misunderstanding of the exact scope of the obligations of States parties under article 12 of the Convention. Indeed, there has been a general failure to understand that the human rights-based model of disability implies a shift from the substitute decision-making paradigm to one that is based on supported decision-making. The aim of the present general comment is to explore the general obligations deriving from the various components of article 12.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CRPD - Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Article 9: Liberty and security of person 2014, para. 34
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The individual must be brought to appear physically before the judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power. The physical presence of detainees at the hearing gives the opportunity for inquiry into the treatment that they received in custody and facilitates immediate transfer to a remand detention centre if continued detention is ordered. It thus serves as a safeguard for the right to security of person and the prohibition against torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. In the hearing that ensues, and in subsequent hearings at which the judge assesses the legality or necessity of the detention, the individual is entitled to legal assistance, which should in principle be by counsel of choice.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CCPR - Human Rights Committee
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 55g
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions adopt or amend legislation with a view to effectively addressing and eliminating harmful practices. In doing so, they should ensure:] That a legal requirement of marriage registration is established and effective implementation is provided through awareness-raising, education and the existence of adequate infrastructure to make registration accessible to all persons within their jurisdiction;
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CEDAW - Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 32
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The school systems in States parties represent an important focus for the dissemination of human rights information and perspectives. School curricula, textbooks and teaching materials should be informed by and address human rights themes and seek to promote mutual respect and tolerance among nations and racial and ethnic groups.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 3
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- In drafting the recommendation, the Committee has taken account of its extensive practice in combating racist hate speech, concern about which has engaged the full span of procedures under the Convention. The Committee has also underlined the role of racist hate speech in processes leading to mass violations of human rights and genocide, and in conflict situations. Key general recommendations of the Committee that address hate speech include general recommendations No. 7 (1985) relating to the implementation of article 4; No. 15 (1993) on article 4, which stressed the compatibility between article 4 and the right to freedom of expression; No. 25 (2000) on gender-related dimensions of racial discrimination; No. 27 (2000) on discrimination against Roma; No. 29 (2002) on descent; No. 30 (2004) on discrimination against non-citizens; No. 31 (2005) on the prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system; and No. 34 (2011) on racial discrimination against people of African descent. Many general recommendations adopted by the Committee relate directly or indirectly to hate speech issues, bearing in mind that effectively combating racist hate speech involves the mobilization of the full normative and procedural resources of the Convention.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Combatting racist hate speech 2013, para. 46
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The prevalence of racist hate speech in all regions of the world continues to represent a significant contemporary challenge for human rights. The faithful implementation of the Convention as a whole, integrated into wider global efforts to counter hate speech phenomena, represents the best hope of translating the vision of a society free from intolerance and hatred into a living reality and promoting a culture of respect for universal human rights.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 8
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- Restitution is a form of redress designed to re-establish the victim's situation before the violation of the Convention was committed, taking into consideration the specificities of each case. The preventive obligations under the Convention require States parties to ensure that a victim receiving such restitution is not placed in a position where he or she is at risk of repetition of torture or ill-treatment. In certain cases, the victim may consider that restitution is not possible due to the nature of the violation; however the State shall provide the victim with full access to redress. For restitution to be effective, efforts should be made to address any structural causes of the violation, including any kind of discrimination related to, for example, gender, sexual orientation, disability, political or other opinion, ethnicity, age and religion, and all other grounds of discrimination.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CAT - Committee against Torture
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 10
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Paragraph text
- The right to prompt, fair and adequate compensation for torture or ill-treatment under article 14 is multi-layered and compensation awarded to a victim should be sufficient to compensate for any economically assessable damage resulting from torture or ill-treatment, whether pecuniary or non-pecuniary. This may include: reimbursement of medical expenses paid and provision of funds to cover future medical or rehabilitative services needed by the victim to ensure as full rehabilitation as possible; pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage resulting from the physical and mental harm caused; loss of earnings and earning potential due to disabilities caused by the torture or ill-treatment; and lost opportunities such as employment and education. In addition, adequate compensation awarded by States parties to a victim of torture or ill-treatment should provide for legal or specialist assistance, and other costs associated with bringing a claim for redress.
- Body
- Treaty bodies: CAT - Committee against Torture
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Aug 29, 2024
Paragraph