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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Other practices such as forced marriage that are in effect in certain parts of the world can be considered "sale for purposes of sexual exploitation". One manifestation of this, among others, is that young girls are given as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | However, the negative income tax option would be problematic for 18- to 29-year-olds and for senior women. The Canadian examples demonstrate the potentially positive effects of negative income tax, but warn that a basic income model that replaces existing social support mechanisms could have seriously negative effects on the poor. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 78 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Gangs can provide young people with an identity and sense of belonging, as well as protection, recognition and respect. However, local gangs can also be linked to illegal activities, including extortion, illegal drug sales, fighting for territorial control and, in extreme cases, contract killings. Gangs may be associated with transnational criminal groups whose strong economic connections facilitate their activities in trafficking, organized theft and mass distribution of illegal merchandise. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2015 | ||
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 71 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In situations of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour, children's right to be heard is seriously undermined, since they are treated as commodities and left with no possibility to choose or influence their lives. Younger children are particularly vulnerable and making them unable to express their concerns is often a strategy used by traffickers to keep control over them. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 175d | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments:] Support programmes that enhance the self-reliance of special groups of women, such as young women, women with disabilities, elderly women and women belonging to racial and ethnic minorities; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 63b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By commercial banks, specialized financial institutions and the private sector in examining their policies:] Open special windows for lending to women, including young women, who lack access to traditional sources of collateral; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission expresses deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls, of the world financial and economic crisis, recognizing evidence of an uneven and fragile recovery, and cognizant that the global economy, notwithstanding significant efforts that helped contain tail risks, improve financial market conditions and sustain recovery, still remains in a challenging phase, with downside risks, inter alia, for women and girls, including high volatility in global markets, high unemployment, particularly among youth, indebtedness in some countries and widespread fiscal strains that pose challenges for global economic recovery and reflect the need for additional progress towards sustaining and rebalancing global demand, and stresses the need for continuing efforts to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and to reform and strengthen the international financial system while implementing the reforms agreed to date, and in respect of maintaining adequate levels of funding for the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2014 | ||
Child participation 2012, para. 28 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Guatemala, peer educators at the Education Programme for Working Children and Adolescents, an institution of some 1,800 students providing education to working children, created a mural to raise awareness. The aim of this microproject was to ensure that young people and adolescents were aware of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children. It provided a fun and interactive way to discuss the sensitive issues of commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking of children and HIV/AIDS with the most at-risk young people. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 58k | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [We affirm that green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication should:] Enhance the welfare of women, children, youth, persons with disabilities, smallholder and subsistence farmers, fisherfolk and those working in small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the livelihoods and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable groups, in particular in developing countries; | Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Women’s economic empowerment in the changing world of work 2017, para. 39 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission welcomes the major contributions made by civil society, including women's and community-based organizations, feminist groups, women human rights defenders and girls' and youth-led organizations, in placing the interests, needs and visions of women and girls on local, national, regional and international agendas, including the 2030 Agenda, and recognizes the importance of having an open, inclusive and transparent engagement with civil society in the implementation of measures on women's economic empowerment in the changing world of work. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2017 | ||
New York Declaration For Refugees and Migrants 2016, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | We will consider facilitating opportunities for safe, orderly and regular migration, including, as appropriate, employment creation, labour mobility at all skills levels, circular migration, family reunification and education-related opportunities. We will pay particular attention to the application of minimum labour standards for migrant workers regardless of their status, as well as to recruitment and other migration-related costs, remittance flows, transfers of skills and knowledge and the creation of employment opportunities for young people. | United Nations General Assembly | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 2016 | ||
SRSG on children and armed conflict: Annual report 2010, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Member States are urged to ensure that child protection concerns, including support for reintegration efforts and youth employment, are also explicitly reflected in relevant peacebuilding mandates and in the work of the Peacebuilding Commission through its country configurations. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General for children and armed conflict | SRSG report |
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| 2010 | ||
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 37 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group on Trafficking in Persons of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime has reviewed some of the measures which States have taken to discourage demand. Details about the measures implemented by 33 States were reported to the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (15-19 October 2012). In addition to mentioning general measures to combat trafficking in persons, several States provided information on their labour laws and codes, which they felt reduced trafficking in persons for forced labour. Some pointed out that they had adopted specific legislation regulating working conditions, especially for foreign workers. Some made reference to specific legislation to address the issue of demand by establishing the responsibility of employers for the management of their supply chains. A few States reported that they had addressed the issue of demand by adopting legislation prohibiting the advertisement of sexual services and criminalizing the purchase of sexual services. Those States commented that such legislation was aimed at eliminating the main pull factors in trafficking persons for sexual exploitation. Some States reported establishing monitoring mechanisms with a specific focus on: the conditions of employment of women, youth and foreign workers hired on a temporary basis; assessing the authenticity of job offers, especially job offers for foreign workers, whether temporary or not; and ensuring the mandatory compliance of employers with the established rules and regulations of employment. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 192f | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, national bodies, the private sector, political parties, trade unions, employers' organizations, research and academic institutions, subregional and regional bodies and non-governmental and international organizations:]Restructure recruitment and career-development programmes to ensure that all women, especially young women, have equal access to managerial, entrepreneurial, technical and leadership training, including on-the-job training; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 82a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, in cooperation with employers, workers and trade unions, international and non-governmental organizations, including women's and youth organizations, and educational institutions:] Develop and implement education, training and retraining policies for women, especially young women and women re-entering the labour market, to provide skills to meet the needs of a changing socio-economic context for improving their employment opportunities; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Rio+20 – Conference on Sustainable Development: The future we want 2012, para. 58k | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [We affirm that green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication should:] Enhance the welfare of women, children, youth, persons with disabilities, smallholder and subsistence farmers, fisherfolk and those working in small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the livelihoods and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable groups, in particular in developing countries; | United Nations General Assembly | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 2012 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 3. (3) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, national laws or regulations or the competent authority may, after consultation with the organisations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, authorise employment or work as from the age of 16 years on condition that the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected and that the young persons have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant branch of activity. | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of
conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | By the time children arrive at their destination, they have acquired debts with exploiters who take away their documents and use threats or violence to subdue them into labour exploitation. For example, Iranian and Afghani children who have crossed the English Channel find themselves pressured to send money to their families, while also repaying substantial debts related to their journeys. This heavy financial burden drives children to accept working conditions that constitute worst forms of child labour, including trafficking. At destination, many are trafficked for forced and exploitative labour in farms and factories and on fishing boats. For example, in France and the United Kingdom, young men are exploited in cannabis farms, while others are allegedly exploited in the agriculture sector in Europe. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The consultations also fostered robust dialogue on strategies and engagement aimed at promoting workers’ voices and empowerment within sustainability initiatives, especially within compliance monitoring schemes, including complaints hotlines, the use of worker surveys, good practices in engaging workers during audits, training and capacity-building for workers on their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, and training on worker-management dialogue in the workplace. However, ensuring that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, were not inadvertently excluded from these new strategies was identified as a challenge. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 70 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | An estimated 1 billion people live in slums or other highly unstable communities. Informal economies flourish there, sometimes merging with illicit markets. The production, distribution and marketing of drugs, weapons, counterfeit goods, vehicles and metals in those underground markets generate significant wealth. For marginalized young people in urban areas, participating in such markets may be perceived as an opportunity for economic inclusion (albeit illegal) and at times as a means to gain "respect" and recognition. Their participation often includes risky behaviour, such as alcohol consumption and the use and display of weapons. Illicit drug dealing by young people can lead to an increase in their own consumption. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2015 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 102 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Another emerging concern is the association of children and adolescents with cybercrime. This may include young men's engagement in computer-related financial fraud, or the use of ICTs to facilitate illicit behaviour that may result in violence against themselves or others. For example, in the context of youth gangs, sexual images exchanged on mobile phones may become "currency" for gang members, and mobile phones can be used to exert control over others and the commission of violent acts, including sexual violence. With the increasing engagement of organized criminal groups in cybercrime activities, there is a real risk that young people may become drawn into online criminal activities, driven by bravado, attracted by promises of economic gain, or compelled by threats or coercion. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2014 | ||
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Dalits are regularly forced into the most menial, socially degrading, dirty and hazardous jobs. Some Dalits, in particular women, work as manual scavengers or sweepers; the terminology varies across countries, but generally refers to those who clean faeces from dry toilets. As a result of their direct contact with human faeces, manual scavengers suffer from a range of health problems (A/HRC/15/55 and Corr.1, para. 75) that are for the most part left untreated and add further to their stigmatization. Manual scavengers and sweepers suffer extreme forms of social exclusion, even within their own caste. These practices are not only deeply rooted in society, but also institutionalized through State practice, with municipalities themselves employing sweepers (ibid.). Moreover, patterns of stigmatization are perpetuated in schools, being reflected in the nature of cleaning duties, namely, through the assignment of toilet cleaning to the "lower" castes. Instead of breaking caste barriers, teachers perpetuate stigmatization, limiting the rights of young people to be free from discrimination and to access education. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Children working in the mines and quarries are vulnerable to physical, sexual, moral and social harm. Artisanal mining and quarrying is inherently informal and illegal -as either it costs too much to get the legal permit to mine or there is no need to get a permit as the law is not enforced. These "frontier communities" are riddled with violence, crime, trafficking in young girls and women for sexual exploitation, prostitution, drug and alcohol use (ibid.). There have been reports that children are given drugs so that they are able to fearlessly extract minerals underground or underwater. Children also take drugs and alcohol in the belief that it makes them stronger and as a result of peer pressure. The drug abuse (particularly amphetamines and marijuana) and alcohol (commercial and/or local brew) destroy their health and keep them in the vicious circle of poverty. Children who arrive alone to work in this sector are even more vulnerable to abuses (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.2). | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 23 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | It is estimated that on average one third of children have had access to the Internet in the past five years, although that figure masks those countries where child use of Internet is almost universal. In Europe, 70 per cent of children aged 6-17 used the Internet regularly, with some variations among countries. In Africa, for the vast majority of children, access is not at home or school but through a cybercafé, although mobile technologies are leading to a change in African use of the Internet. Estimates from the Asian region show a wider discrepancy among countries, with Malaysia as an example of a developing economy where the use of new technologies is increasing and China having one of the highest growth rates of technology in the world. In Latin America, there is similar discrepancy, which replicates the different economic development of the countries. In general, the youth are leading the emergence of the use of new technologies in developing economies; therefore they are more likely to be leading the way to Internet usage. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Articles 6 to 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognize the rights of everyone to (a) work which they freely choose or accept; (b) enjoy just and favourable conditions of work, including equal remuneration for work of equal value; (c) form and join trade unions; (d) social security, including social insurance; (e) the special protection from economic and social exploitation of children and young persons. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The projects included emergency employment, restoration and stabilization of disrupted livelihoods, emergency support to vulnerable groups, capacity development, advocacy and technical assistance. They included the restoration of small businesses, including food production and processing, small scale manufacturing, debris and waste removal, re-establishing markets and stimulating local economies by encouraging local production and procurement. Vocational training was provided through entrepreneurship promotion activities, with a special focus on vulnerable groups, including female-headed households, persons with disabilities and young people. The monitoring and documentation of such programmes is necessary to ensure that they improve self-reliance in a sustainable way. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
| Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Burkina Faso, rather than migrating, work groups of young men specialized in land rehabilitation techniques, such as tassas and zai planting pits, go from village to village to satisfy farmers' growing interest in improving their own lands. Farmers are now buying degraded land for improvement and paying these labourers to dig zai pits and construct the rock walls and half-moon structures which can transform yields. This is one of the reasons why more than 3 million hectares of land in Burkina Faso are now rehabilitated and productive. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 66 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Procurement policies that target women can be a tool to advance women's businesses. In developing countries, governments are the largest buyer of goods and services, accounting for 15-20 per cent of gross domestic product, and yet spend only 1 per cent on sourcing from women-owned businesses. Some countries have begun to tackle the issue. One country from the Western European and other States Group set a mandatory goal of 5 per cent of federal contract spending on women-owned small businesses. An African country put in place Public Procurement and Disposal (Preference and Reservations) Regulations to ensure access to government contracts by enterprises owned by women, youth and persons with disabilities. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Appropriate assistance to parents can best be achieved as part of comprehensive policies for early childhood (see section V below), including provision for health, care and education during the early years. States parties should ensure that parents are given appropriate support to enable them to involve young children fully in such programmes, especially the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. In particular, article 18.3 acknowledges that many parents are economically active, often in poorly paid occupations which they combine with their parental responsibilities. Article 18.3 requires States parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children of working parents have the right to benefit from childcare services, maternity protection and facilities for which they are eligible. In this regard, the Committee recommends that States parties ratify the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183) of the International Labour Organization. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2006 | ||
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Civil society has a critical role in the independent promotion and protection of children's rights in the context of business operations. This includes monitoring and holding business accountable; supporting children to have access to justice and remedies; contributing to child-rights impact assessments; and raising awareness amongst businesses of their responsibility to respect children's rights. States should ensure conditions for an active and vigilant civil society, including effective collaboration with and support to independent civil society organizations, child and youth-led organizations, academia, chambers of commerce and industry, trade unions, consumer associations and professional institutions. States should refrain from interfering with these and other independent organizations and facilitate their involvement in public policy and programmes relating to children's rights and business. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 |