A/78/167 slower-moving climate impacts, such as rising sea levels. Estimates of the number of environmental migrants in the coming years range from between 25 million and 1 billion by 2050. 56 There is currently little data on how many persons with albinism are forcibly displaced or have migrated owing to environmental factors. 44. For persons with albinism working in agriculture, migration may be the only response that they deem feasible to climate-related loss of livelihoods, thus emphasizing the greater risk that climate change poses for persons with albinism who engage in agricultural work. The Expert has previously highlighted instances in which persons with albinism who rely on subsistence farming and spend a great deal of time in the sun are often compelled to relocate to regions with lower temperatures and less sunny climates to safeguard their health (see A/77/199). In Malawi, according to a submission received, it was observed that persons with albinism are relocating within the country from zones of sustained high temperature to areas of lower temperat ure in order to reduce their risk of skin cancer. 45. Not all persons with albinism are able to migrate in response to climate change, such as those individuals who have additional health needs. Anticipated difficulty in securing employment owing to stigma and discrimination related to their condition may also deter some individuals with albinism from migrating to urban areas. In Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, in recent research on persons with disabilities more broadly, additional challenges to migration after disaster events were identified, including not being granted visas and not being allowed to cross borders, as well as barriers to enrolling in social protection programmes or health care. 57 Consequently, in some cases, family members of persons with albinism may migrate without them. However, many persons with albinism whose family members migrate for environmental reasons face greater difficulties compared with individuals in other households with migrant family members. Where family members do migrate, persons with albinism have less recourse to caregiving support, such as help with securing sun protection cream or assistive devices. In a submission received by the Expert from the United Republic of Tanzania, a “vicious cycle” was described, whereby areas affected by natural disasters become cheaper places in which to live. Since they cannot afford to live in safer zones, persons with albinism cannot migrate in response to natural disasters and are therefore more exposed to the risk of disasters in the future. Moreover, because of poverty, persons with albinism are being forced to migrate to disaster-affected areas, as staying in safer, more expensive areas is becoming beyond their means. C. Access to education 46. Climate change has a direct impact on education. Climate -related impacts disrupt livelihoods, meaning that some parents are no longer able to afford school costs (e.g. transport, school materials) and that children may be tak en out of school to support income-generation activities. In some cases, families are displaced or migrate owing to climate-related changes. Collectively, these impacts lead to a drop in school attendance, increased numbers of children who are out of schoo l and poor educational performance. 58 47. Climate-related impacts exacerbate the existing disparities that children with albinism face when it comes to gaining access to education. Children with albinism __________________ 56 57 58 14/23 IOM, IOM Outlook on Migration, Environment and Climate Change (Geneva, 2014). Pacific Disability Forum, “Disability and climate change in the Pacific: findings from Kiribati, Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu” (August 2022). United Nations Children’s Fund, It Is Getting Hot: Call for Education Systems to Respond to the Climate Crisis (Bangkok, 2019). 23-13701