all and gender equality and the empowerment of women, to enhance economic efficiency and optimize the contribution of women to economic growth and poverty reduction, and increase awareness among decision makers, the private sector and employers of the necessity of women’s economic empowerment and their important contribution; of women and children, and address international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promoting and protecting the human rights of all migrants, and avoiding approaches that might aggravate their vulnerability; (mm) Strengthen the role of women in the formal and informal sectors, including in cross-border trade and agriculture, put in place measures needed to improve women’s access to markets and productive resources, and make markets safe for women, including those living in rural areas, and thereby ensure that businesses and farms owned by women and men have equal opportunities in markets; B. Strengthening the enabling environment for gender equality and the empowerment of women (jj) Work towards ensuring that global trade, financial and investment agreements are conducive to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women and the human rights of women and girls, and complement national development efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls, including through reaffirming the critical role of an open, equitable, rules-based, predictable, non-discriminatory multilateral trading system, and strengthen the effectiveness of the support of the global economic system for development by encouraging the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into development policies at all levels in all sectors; (nn) Identify and develop strategies to expand trade op- portunities for women producers and facilitate the active participation of women in national, regional and global trade; (oo) Take measures to ensure that, in global and national policy responses to financial and economic crises and to excessive, volatile food and energy prices, any negative impacts on gender equality and the empowerment of women are minimized, including on employment and funding for essential services and social protection systems, and that particular support is given to the most disadvantaged and vulnerable persons, and that gender equality and the empowerment of women continue to be promoted, including the protection of the human rights of women and girls; (kk) Underline commitments to strengthen national efforts, including with the support of international cooperation, aimed at addressing the rights and needs of women and girls affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts, other complex humanitarian emergencies, trafficking in persons and terrorism, within the context of actions geared to the realization of the internationally agreed goals and commitments related to gender equality and the empowerment of women, including the Millennium Development Goals, recognizing the challenges they face, and also underline the need to take concerted actions, in conformity with international law, to remove the obstacles to the full realization of the rights of women and girls living under foreign occupation, so as to ensure the achievement of the above-mentioned goals and commitments, recognizing the challenges they face; (pp) Refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries; ( qq) Prioritize and mainstream gender equality perspec- tives in all social, economic and environmental policies and programmes to implement the Millennium Development Goals, including national development policies and strategies to eradicate poverty, and gender-responsive budgeting and public expenditure allocation processes, establish and strengthen institutional mechanisms for gender mainstreaming at (ll) Implement macroeconomic policies that, togeth- er with labour and social policies, promote full and productive employment and decent work for 14