A/RES/53/73 Page 2 Expressing concern over the growing proliferation of ad hoc and exclusive export control regimes and arrangements for dual-use goods and technologies, which tend to impede the economic and social development of developing countries, Recalling that the Final Document of the Twelfth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Durban, South Africa, from 29 August to 3 September 1998,1 noted with concern that undue restrictions on exports to developing countries of material, equipment and technology for peaceful purposes persist, Emphasizing that internationally negotiated guidelines for the transfer of high technology with military applications should take into account the legitimate defence requirements of all States and the requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, while ensuring that access to high-technology products and services and know-how for peaceful purposes is not denied, 1. Affirms that scientific and technological progress should be used for the benefit of all mankind to promote the sustainable economic and social development of all States and to safeguard international security, and that international cooperation in the use of science and technology through the transfer and exchange of technological know-how for peaceful purposes should be promoted; 2. Invites Member States to undertake additional efforts to apply science and technology for disarmament-related purposes and to make disarmament-related technologies available to interested States; 3. Urges Member States to undertake multilateral negotiations with the participation of all interested States in order to establish universally acceptable, non-discriminatory guidelines for international transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technology with military applications; 4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament,2 and requests the Secretary-General to seek the views of the Member States on that report and to make recommendations on the possible approaches to multilaterally negotiated, universally acceptable, non-discriminatory guidelines for international transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technologies with military applications, in a report to be submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly no later than at its fifty-fourth session; 5. Encourages United Nations bodies to contribute, within existing mandates, to promoting the application of science and technology for peaceful purposes; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-fourth session the item entitled “Role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament”. 79th plenary meeting 4 December 1998 1 See A/53/667–S/1998/1071, annex I; see Official Records of the Security Council, Fifty-third Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1998, document S/1998/1071. 2 A/53/202.