A/70/334 3. Mitigation and preparedness measures 51. Those States with a history of displacement due to disaster or with histories of internal conflict should be proactive and have displacement preparedness measures in place. Where the occurrence of disaster is cyclical, adequate preparedness and mitigation measures must be explored to prepare for potential displacement flows. The Cancun Adaptation Framework, adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Cancun, Mexico, in 2010, invites Parties “to strengthen and, where necessary, establish and/or designate national-level institutional arrangements, with a view to enhancing work on the full range of adaptation actions, from planning to i mplementation”. These include displacement-related adaptation measures. During his visit to South Sudan, the Special Rapporteur called on the authorities to explore and implement effective disaster risk reduction and mitigation measures, especially in area s prone to repeated disaster (A/HRC/26/33/Add.3). 52. In some cases displacement can be predicted to result from actions taken by Governments, which should therefore put appropriate measures in place. Fo r example, development projects have displaced millions of people in all regions. Development-induced displacement requires careful management and consultation with the internally displaced persons and other affected communities. However, this is rarely done, resulting in violations of human rights, including forced displacement and violence. International standards must be adhered to, notably the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) of the International Labour Organization, which requires obtaining the free, prior and informed consent of indigenous peoples regarding issues affecting them and their ancestral lands and territories. The basic principles and guidelines on development -based evictions and displacement (A/HRC/4/18, annex I) developed in 2007 by the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living provide valuable guidance to assist States in the development of policy and legislation to prevent forced evictions. C. Governance for assistance to and protection of internally displaced persons 53. The Government has the primary responsibility, at the national, regional and local levels, to protect and assist all internally displaced persons who fall under its jurisdiction, without discrimination. Once displacement has taken place, appropriate early responses require such elements as rapid provision of appropriate shelter and humanitarian assistance, protection measures to ensure safe and organized transit to secure locations and safety at those locations and mobilization of specialist national personnel, including military, police and civil authorities. The immediate response can be highly challenging and requires the rapid mobilization of multiple resources. 54. In some of the countries visited by the Special Rapporteur, authorities recognized that they had been caught unprepared by internal displacement and that it took them some time to put adequate institutional arrangements in place to respond to the needs. The first few days and weeks of a displacement crisis are critical and time could more profitably be used if countries already have effective structures in place. In the following paragraphs the Special Rapporteur analyses, on the basis of information gathered in different displacement situations, good 15-12504 15/26