A/70/334 there is a lack of clarity as to which institutions are mandated to deal with internal displacement, what their roles and responsibilities are, as well as the actions necessary to address the issue appropriately. 20. Internal displacement crises are challenging for authorities at all levels and can quickly become overwhelming when numbers are growing and resources are stretched thin. Effective governance structures are essential to ensure systematic, coordinated and human rights-based responses to internal displacement. The present report serves as a guidance tool to support States in preventing as well as responding in more coordinated, effective and sustainable ways to internal displacement. It is informed by international standards, country visits undertaken by the Special Rapporteur and previous reports by the mandate. It is not a one -size-fitsall model, but offers a blueprint for good governance structures and practices that could be adapted and employed in different situations according to national and local contexts. 21. Displacement, whether as a result of conflict, violence or disaster, is often difficult or impossible to predict. Some countries or Governments have rarely or never experienced mass displacement of populations and so are taken by surprise by displacement events and lack the capacity to respond with appropriate procedures, policies and institutions. Those countries that have frequently experienced displacement as a result of disasters, for example, should be better placed to respond, having already understood the need for systems and procedures to be in place. Much can be learned from those countries in the management of displacement crises. 22. Good governance entails timely and coordinated responses by clearly identified, appropriately qualified and properly equipped and funded bodies. Good governance is a prerequisite for effective prevention of and responses to displacement. Where there is inadequate governance, or none at all, any responses are likely to be ad hoc and uncoordinated, the resources allocated are likely to be inadequate and little or no provision is made by national authorities, l eaving internally displaced persons to fend for themselves or rely on non -governmental and international humanitarian responses. With good governance in place, responses are timely, coordinated across all relevant and required actors and effective in meeti ng the needs and protecting the rights of internally displaced persons. 23. While different phases of a displacement situation require different responses and actions by a diversity of actors, key cross-cutting elements can be identified to ensure appropriate and timely responses. Leadership is essential and should be assumed at a senior level, for example under the Office of the Prime Minister, in order to give the appropriate level of attention and priority to responses. Legal, policy and financial frameworks should be established at the earliest opportunity to provide a legal basis for action and guidance to all actors, with appropriate budgets in place. Coordination and identification of responsibility are essential at an early stage and should be clearly explained to all responders, including with regard to coordination at the national, regional and local levels. Numerous actors, including national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations, have a role to play in all phases of displacement, by raising awareness on displacement issues and having an advisory role, by collecting data and information and by monitoring the human rights situation and ensuring that the rights of internally displaced persons are respected. 8/26 15-12504