A/HRC/54/30 and homeowner assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. 91 These cases clearly demonstrate that it is possible to reduce evictions into homelessness significantly, with sufficient political will. 53. The provision of temporary accommodations or long-term housing must be followed by the effective social and economic inclusion or integration of persons experiencing homelessness. Improving their employability through education, training and skills development is essential in this regard, and many stakeholders already have been proactive in this area. In Georgia, the rehabilitation and integration of children in street situations has been implemented through the provision of shelters and foster care and the enrolment of such children in school,92 and the Government of Nigeria, in cooperation with local authorities, has established Almajiri integrated model schools to provide educational opportunities for children in street situations.93 In Japan, self-reliance support centres for people experiencing homelessness across the country provide employment support, including the provision of vacancy information, guidance on job seeking, skills training and placements, 94 and similar arrangements exist in Cambodia95 and the Republic of Korea.96 54. The role of civil society organizations should be highlighted, as they often fill the gaps left by States. Between 2021 and 2022, the charity organization Toybox, in cooperation with local grass-roots organizations, has facilitated access to education and vocational training for a number of children and young people in street situations in States such as Bolivia (Plurinational State of), India, Guatemala, Nepal, Kenya and Sierra Leone. 97 In Türkiye, the Hayata Sarıl Association was established to provide free meals to persons experiencing homelessness, as well as legal, medical and vocational training.98 Positive examples have also been reported in other countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Luxembourg, Kenya, Nigeria, Portugal and the United Republic of Tanzania. 99 55. In addition to education and training, some positive examples exist for helping persons experiencing homelessness acquire access to employment, such as the individual placement and support model. Originally developed in the United States for those with intellectual disabilities, but the individual placement and support model has increasingly been expanded for use in assisting other vulnerable groups, such as persons experiencing homelessness, to find long-term employment.100 The benefit of such a programme is that it does not stigmatize those who may be suffering from physical or mental illness, disabilities or substance abuse. The individual placement and support model has been promoted in many States, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain and the United Kingdom.101 56. Social enterprises, the charity and civil society sector and publicly funded programmes provide employment opportunities for persons experiencing homelessness. 102 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 GE.23-12640 Submission from Freedom Network USA; and OECD, “Housing amid COVID-19: policy responses and challenges”, 22 July 2020. CERD/C/GEO/9-10, paras. 186–188. Submission from Nigeria National Human Rights Commission. Act to Provide Special Measures for the Support of the Self-Reliance of the Homeless, 2002. CRC/C/KHM/4-6, para. 122. Act on Support for Welfare and Self-Reliance of the Homeless, 2011. Toybox, “Annual report and financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2022”. See https://borgenproject.org/homeless-people-in-istanbul/. Submissions from the Governments of Luxembourg and Portugal, the National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria, Medica Zenica, the European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless and Terre des Hommes Netherlands. James LePage et al., “Individual placement and support supported employment for justice involved homeless and unemployed veterans” Medical Care, vol. 59, No. 4. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the United States, “Individual placement and support model supported employment for people experiencing homelessness” (2015). Joanne Bretherton and Nicolas Pleace, “Is work an answer for homelessness? Evaluating an employment programme for homeless adults” European Journal of Homelessness, vol. 13, No. 1; Aslan Tanekenov, “Social enterprise in the UK homeless sector: lessons for Kazakhstan”, Cogent Social Science, vol. 2, No. 1; and Central Institute of Economic Management, “Social enterprise in Vietnam: concepts, contexts and policies” (2012). 13