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Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- While the Government directed significant domestic and foreign funding towards the construction of new housing, primarily through the imidugudu (villagization) model, and achieved some positive results, these efforts were only very rarely based upon consultation with local people, and in some cases involved direct pressure, eviction and dispossession that would appear incompatible with international human rights law. The opportunity of moving to housing constructed as part of the imidugudu programme was popular among some residents living in inadequate shelter, but it was much less popular amongst households who already lived in good-quality homes. Villagers were seriously concerned that the new villages put people further away from their fields, making cultivation more difficult, especially for women. They were also concerned that those who had given up some of their land to make way for the villages seldom received compensation, which caused tension and potential conflict. In addition, houses provided in the imidugudu were often of poor quality and the authorities frequently placed unreasonable restrictions upon existing home-owners, requiring them to upgrade or replace their homes without due regard for questions of affordability and cultural adequacy and appropriateness. The indigenous Twa people suffered particularly severely as a result, through the imposition of requirements ignoring their traditional values and housing practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Questions remain as to the minimum conditions that these approaches should fulfil to ensure security of tenure, what type of institutional arrangements are required for implementation, and whether such approaches can be replicated in diverse contexts and at scale. This is particularly relevant to those forms of tenure that have received less attention and support in research, policy and practice, such as community land trusts, collective tenure models and cooperative ownership.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right to life and the right to adequate housing: the indivisibility and interdependence between these rights 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Lived experience illustrates that adequate housing, dignity, security and life are so closely intertwined as to be essentially inseparable. The same is true in international human rights law. The right to life cannot be separated from the right to a secure place to live, and the right to a secure place to live only has meaning in the context of a right to live in dignity and security, free of violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In recent years market-based housing finance has rapidly spread throughout the world, mainly targeting the more affluent segments of society that have had the initial capital to take a mortgage, profiting lenders through the payment of interest. Traditionally, mortgage finance has been considered unattainable for the poor owing to issues such as lack of land titles, low and erratic income and employment in the informal sector.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Allocation of public land for the provision of housing. States should utilize available public land, including land obtained by municipalities through tax foreclosures and other means, to meet current and anticipated housing needs of the urban poor, using suitable secure tenure arrangements. States may choose to provide adequate housing or ensure that the conditions exist to enable recipients to construct or rehabilitate housing themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The precariousness of informality and the prevalence of development-based evictions continue to be major structural causes of homelessness. Informal neighbourhoods are wiped out and replaced with high-end tourist attractions, shopping malls or entertainment districts. Land contamination and mismanagement compound these effects. Evictions without adequate resettlement, as is common, invariably lead to homelessness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- In "hedge cities", prime destinations for global capital seeking safe havens for investments, housing prices have increased to levels that most residents cannot afford, creating huge increases in wealth for property owners in prime locations while excluding moderate- and low-income households from access to homeownership or rentals due to unaffordability. Those households are pushed to peri-urban areas with scant employment and services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- More recently, international institutions have become increasingly aware of the limitations of strategies based predominantly on the formalization of urban land markets and have recognized that there is a variety of tenure instruments that can be employed. However this trend has not permeated all spheres of practice and policy. A number of agencies and governments still adhere to a preponderant focus on private property ownership, with debatable results.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Multilateral and bilateral development agencies regularly provide financial and technical assistance to operations that affect tenure security, including infrastructure development; land management, administration and spatial planning; urban development and renewal; settlement upgrading; and policy reforms in, inter alia, the housing and financial sectors. They also provide financing to diverse private sector activities that impact tenure.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Other treaty monitoring bodies and human rights mechanisms have articulated legal standards with respect to remedies in the context of homelessness. In A.T. v. Hungary, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women addressed the link between violence against women and homelessness, recommending as part of an effective remedy to "ensure that A. T. is given a safe home in which to live with her children".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In circumstances where Governments should be relying on positive measures and resource allocation to provide housing to households affected by economic downturns and widespread unemployment, many have been held accountable to austerity measures imposed by creditors. They have agreed to dramatically reduce or eliminate housing programmes, privatize social housing and sell off massive amounts of housing and real estate assets to private equity funds.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The post-Hurricane Mitch period also saw development in the legal framework related to land and housing issues, though the judicial system remained weak and so the potential benefits of the new legislation remained inaccessible to the poor. Missing from the current strategy in Honduras is a comprehensive programme to increase the supply of urbanized land and improve tenure security for the poor and the marginalized.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Other forms of tenure are barely discussed. For instance, collective tenure-other than that held by indigenous peoples-warrants further examination. It is also unclear what State obligations are with respect to tenancy. Should States adopt a framework of tenant protection? How should tenants' rights be balanced with the rights of property owners? What are the limits within which tenants' rights or the rights of holders of other forms of tenure can be ensured?
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The urban poor should drive the process of strengthening their tenure security. Global experience shows that the realization of the right to adequate housing depends as much upon the mobilization and advocacy of social movements as the concerted efforts of States. Governmental and other relevant actors should support the empowerment of urban poor individuals and communities by being accountable for the implementation of these principles.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Some States have also been reluctant to collect and provide reliable data, perceiving it to be contrary to their interests, particularly if they are seeking to attract development or tourism or to host mega events. Data collected by governments need to be supplemented by information that may only be available to non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations working directly with homeless populations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Following the sub-prime crisis, the supply of housing and household mobility have been significantly curtailed by a shortage of long-term credit for real estate development on the supply side (in both the rental and ownership sectors) as well as by increased rationing of mortgages on the demand side. In response to the crises, Governments have introduced regulations for responsible lending and financial institutions have tightened their mortgage conditions, again placing mortgage finance out of reach for low-income groups. Government responses to the crisis have concentrated on adjusting demand-side policies, tightening mortgage market conditions and adopting regulations in Norway, Sweden, Israel, Canada and the Netherlands; abolishing interest tax deductions in Poland, Spain and China; and introducing demand-side subsidies to assist mortgage lenders and prevent arrears in Spain and Chile. The crisis has not led to a shift to supply-side non-market housing policies, and social housing investment remains low in most countries. Recovery measures based on austerity (i.e., cuts in public spending) led in some instances to additional curtailment of social housing programmes, as was the case of OEK (Workers' Housing Organization) in Greece, while huge public resources were allocated to "bail-outs" of financial institutions. This has resulted in increased homelessness, indebtedness of families and worsening housing conditions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Other forms that had a demonstrated ability to ensure secure tenure in the past, such as tenancy, should also be given renewed attention. Tenancy rates have decreased in many countries, and so has the security associated with them, as seen in some European countries for instance. In other countries, tenancy remains well-established, and in some the role of rental housing is attracting renewed attention, or being used in innovative ways to prevent homelessness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 17b
- Paragraph text
- [In light of these considerations, the Special Rapporteur proposes the following three-dimensional approach anchored in human rights:] The second dimension considers homelessness as a form of systemic discrimination and social exclusion, recognizing that being deprived of a home gives rise to a social identity through which "the homeless" is constituted as a social group subject to discrimination and stigmatization;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Housing and real estate markets have been transformed by corporate finance, including banks, insurance and pension funds, hedge funds, private equity firms and other kinds of financial intermediaries with massive amounts of capital and excess liquidity. The global financial system has grown exponentially and now far outstrips the so-called real "productive" economy in terms of sheer volumes of wealth, with housing accounting for much of that growth.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- National homelessness strategies have relied on legislation to clarify government obligations. Scotland enacted the Homelessness etc. (Scotland) Act in 2003, which includes the commitment to make housing a legal right by 2012. In keeping with this, an order was passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2012 that ensures that all individuals assessed to be "unintentionally homeless" have a right to settled accommodation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination and xenophobia affect the living conditions of migrants and their coexistence with the local community. They have thus been identified as key factors in the exclusion of migrants from adequate housing. States need to combat xenophobia and discrimination as a matter of urgency and ensure that no legislative or administrative acts reinforce discrimination against migrants with regard to their access to social or private housing. Moreover, States should take effective measures to ensure that housing agencies and private landlords refrain from engaging in discriminatory practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Migrants are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations, the enjoyment of housing being among the most endangered rights. The duties of migrants to the host State are equal to those of locals from the moment that they enter the host community, as they are bound by its laws. However, migrants do not enjoy equal rights and usually endure inferior conditions in every social sphere. Although several international instruments oblige States and other agents to ensure the right to adequate housing, migrants are frequently victims of discrimination in that respect.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Article 6 of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Migration for Employment Convention (Revised) of 1949 requires parties to the Convention to apply, without discrimination in respect of nationality, race, religion or sex, to immigrants lawfully within its territory, treatment no less favourable than that which it applies to its own nationals in respect of accommodation. Similarly, the ILO Workers' Housing Recommendation of 1961 calls upon the competent authorities to pay particular attention to the particular problem of housing of migrant workers and their families and to ensure as rapidly as possible equality of treatment between migrant workers and national workers in that respect.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Article 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination sets out the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour or national or ethnic origin, to equality in the enjoyment of the right to housing. Article 43 of the International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families requires States to ensure the same treatment regarding access of documented migrants to housing as is afforded to nationals, including social housing schemes and protection against exploitation in respect of rent. Moreover, article 64 requires States to promote sound, equitable and humane conditions in connection with international migration and to pay due regard not only to labour needs and resources, but also to the social, economic, cultural and other needs of migrant workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- In its concluding observations of 25 May 2007 on Egypt (CMW/C/EGY/CO/1), the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families expressed its concern about reports that some migrant workers suffer from discrimination, inter alia, in the area of housing, and encouraged the State to ensure that the rights provided for in the Convention are enjoyed without discrimination. The Committee expresses similar concerns with regard to non-Arab migrants in the Syrian Arab Republic in its concluding observations of 2 May 2008 (CMW/C/SYR/CO/1).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- However, existing guidance with respect to disaster situations has given little attention to the right to adequate housing. When reference to the right is made it is limited, with the right narrowed down to the need to provide shelter, housing or to aspects related to protection. The few attempts to discuss the right in a more comprehensive manner have remained at the level of an individual organization's guidance and not in the form of authoritative policies of broad application. Equally, United Nations human rights mechanisms have, with notable exceptions, not addressed the specificities of disaster situations and their impacts on the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing or other human rights, remaining at the level of generalities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- With regard to the responsibility of private actors to respect human rights, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, John Ruggie, has developed a framework to guide the business and human rights agenda, which is based on three principles: the State duty to protect against human rights abuses by third parties, the corporate responsibility to respect human rights and the need for more effective access to remedies for victims. Corporate responsibility requires specific human rights due diligence (to become aware of, prevent and mitigate the adverse human rights impact of activities and relationships of companies), and the provision of grievance mechanisms for victims of human rights abuses (see A/HRC/11/13).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Undocumented migrants are those who lack legal status in the host or transit country. Some of them entered the country illegally, while others entered legally but their permission to remain was not extended or they lost their work permits together with their jobs. In addition, asylum-seekers whose refugee status has been denied, as well as victims of trafficking, often have irregular status. Indeed, it is not unusual for migrants to switch status during their stay in the host country. The United Nations has estimated that undocumented migrants represent 15 to 20 per cent of all international migrants, ascending to 30 million to 40 million persons. In Asia and Latin America, it is estimated that 50 per cent of migrants are undocumented. Despite the data, it must be borne in mind that the majority of this group does not show up in statistics, since they are forced to live clandestinely for fear of deportation or detention.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Migrants' access to housing is deeply affected by their economic status. It is important to make the distinction between: (a) migrants entering the host country as highly skilled professionals, with formal employment, high or middle incomes and access to pension and other social security schemes; and (b) migrants employed in low-skilled, irregular, seasonal and hazardous work, with low wages and no social security. The first group of migrants often have legal and economic access to purchase or rent high-quality accommodation in well-located neighbourhoods with full access to services, infrastructure and facilities. For migrants working in low-paid informal jobs, mostly in construction, tourism, care and domestic work, the situation is very different, as their salaries and irregular working conditions usually hamper their access to the housing market on the same footing as locals. The following section will focus on the housing conditions of the latter group of migrants.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Often, multiple factors of vulnerability and discrimination have a compounding effect. Post-Katrina responses by the federal and state governments in the United States generally were found lacking when it came to supporting lower-income renters - predominantly African American - and addressing the range of obstacles that prevented them from accessing affordable housing. Despite a federal programme of housing vouchers, in practice, families with rent vouchers had difficulties finding rental units. Reasons included public and rental housing shortages (due to storm damage but also to subsequent decisions to massively cut down public housing), rent increases, discrimination by landowners, the slow pace of rental housing construction and the decision by states in the Gulf coast to direct the bulk of federal funds towards repairing homeowner units rather than rental ones. With a very limited option to rent, an important number of families were de facto denied return to their city and former homes; which resulted in a rise in homelessness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe