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Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The report builds on important work undertaken by the previous Special Rapporteur on the right to housing. In her 2012 report on the impact of finance policies on the right to housing of those living in poverty (A/67/286), she warned of emerging trends towards the financialization of housing encouraged by States' abandonment of social housing programmes and increased reliance on private market solutions. She documented attempts by States to rely on the private market and homeownership, which increases inequality and fails to address the housing needs of low-income and marginalized groups. More fundamentally, she called for a paradigm shift through which housing would once again be recognized as a fundamental human right rather than as a commodity. The present report takes up that challenge.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Financialized housing markets respond to preferences of global investors rather than to the needs of communities. The average income of households in the community or the kinds of housing they would like to inhabit is of little concern to financial investors, who cater to the needs or desires of speculative markets and are likely to replace affordable housing that is needed with luxury housing that sits vacant because that is how best to turn a profit quickly. Financialized housing thus precipitates what has been referred to as "residential alienation", the loss of the critical relationship to housing as a dwelling and the diverse set of social relationships that give it meaning. In financialized housing markets, those making decisions about housing - its use, its cost, where it will be built or whether it will be demolished - do so from remote board rooms with no engagement with or accountability to the communities in which their "assets" are located.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- The expanding role and unprecedented dominance of financial markets and corporations in the housing sector is now generally referred to as the "financialization of housing". The term has a number of meanings. In the present report, the "financialization of housing" refers to structural changes in housing and financial markets and global investment whereby housing is treated as a commodity, a means of accumulating wealth and often as security for financial instruments that are traded and sold on global markets. It refers to the way capital investment in housing increasingly disconnects housing from its social function of providing a place to live in security and dignity and hence undermines the realization of housing as a human right. It refers to the way housing and financial markets are oblivious to people and communities, and the role housing plays in their well-being.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- What is so stark about the pouring of those vast amounts of money into housing is that hardly any of it is directed towards ameliorating the insufferable housing conditions in which millions live. If even a portion of those amounts was directed towards affordable housing and access to credit for people in need of it, target 11.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals, to ensure adequate housing for all by 2030, would be well within reach. Financialization under current regimes, however, creates the opposite effect: unaccountable markets that do not respond to housing need, and urban centres that become the sole preserve of those with wealth.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- As noted by the Institute for Human Rights and Business, global financial institutions with representations from central bank governors and ministers of finance, "seem generally remote from stakeholder engagement. These institutions are independent self-governing bodies with their own rules of procedure and are not directly accountable to the public." Governments relying on the financial system and financialized housing assets to service their own debt are not encouraged by global financial institutions to manage housing systems for compliance with human rights. They are more likely to be urged to cut housing programmes and social protection programmes to comply with the demands and economic theories of financial corporations and credit agencies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The State must regulate, direct and engage with private market and financial actors, not simply to ensure that they do not explicitly violate rights, but also to ensure that the rules under which they operate and their actions are consistent with the realization of the right to adequate housing. States are obliged under international human rights to ensure that private investors respond to the needs of residents for secure, affordable housing and do not cater only to the wealthy or purchase homes simply to leave them empty.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Many States have been too deferential to the dynamics of unregulated markets and have failed to take appropriate action to bring private investment into line with the right to adequate housing. By providing tax subsidies for homeownership, tax breaks for investors, and bailouts for banks and financial institutions, States have subsidized the excessive financialization of housing at the expense of programmes for those in desperate need of housing. There seems to be a gross imbalance between the attention, mechanisms and resources that States have developed to support the financialization of housing and the complete deficit of housing for the implementation of the right to adequate housing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Homelessness is one of the least examined consequences of unabated inequality, unfair distribution of land and property and poverty occurring on a global scale. It is a result of State acquiescence to real estate speculation and unregulated markets - a result of treating housing as a commodity rather than as a human right. It is rooted in a global privileging of wealth and power, and scapegoating and scorning of those who do not have a home.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to life and the right to adequate housing: the indivisibility and interdependence between these rights 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Despite the fact that the Constitution of India separates the right to life as a justiciable right from the right to housing as a policy directive, the Supreme Court of India recognized the impossibility of separating the two rights as early as 1981, stating: The right to life includes the right to live with human dignity and all that goes along with it, namely, the bare necessaries of life such as adequate nutrition, clothing and shelter and facilities for reading, writing and expressing oneself in diverse forms, freely moving about and mixing and commingling with fellow human beings. This case was followed by a number of crucial decisions, including in the Olga Tellis case, in which it was explicitly recognized that the right to livelihood forms an integral part of the right to life; the Shantistar Builders Society case, in which it was held that the right to life "would take within its sweep … a reasonable accommodation to live in"; and Chameli Singh v. State of U.P., in which the state's obligations under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Political Rights were considered and it was noted that "[the] right to shelter when used as an essential requisite to the right to live should be deemed to have been guaranteed as a fundamental right".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to life and the right to adequate housing: the indivisibility and interdependence between these rights 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Similar approaches have been adopted in the African system. In the Pretoria Declaration on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights States parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights agreed that socioeconomic rights, including the right to housing, must be read into the Charter in the light of references to the right to life, stating: The social, economic and cultural rights explicitly provided for under the African Charter, read together with other rights in the Charter, such as the right to life and respect for inherent human dignity, imply the recognition of other economic and social rights, including the right to shelter, the right to basic nutrition and the right to social security. The Pretoria Declaration drew on the decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the case of Social and Economic Rights Action Center and Center for Economic and Social Rights v. Nigeria. The Commission found that environmental degradation had "made living in Ogoniland a nightmare" and that destruction of land and farms "affected the life of the Ogoni society as a whole". The Commission concluded that "the most fundamental of all human rights, the right to life, has been violated".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 76d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that the urban rights agenda should:] Commit to enhanced regulation of private actors and markets consistent with the recognition of housing as a human right. In particular, measures should be adopted to prevent forced eviction, land grabbing, speculation and leaving homes or lands (that could otherwise be used) abandoned. Housing markets and financial institutions should be regulated to prevent unnecessary volatility, predatory lending and mortgage crises, such as those experienced in recent years;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Fiscal accountability is also a critical and often neglected element of a rights-based approach. The realization of the right to adequate housing requires appropriate use and distribution of resources. Under international human rights law, governments are required to give priority to human rights in budgeting by allocating the "maximum of available resources" and using "all appropriate means" to realize the right to adequate housing and related rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Other urban patterns linked to land and property have increased inequality and social exclusion; these include privatization of social housing, public land and infrastructure; predatory lending practices; increased use of urban land and housing as investment assets within a globalized financial market; heightened control of urban land by wealthy individuals and corporate interests; environmental degradation of land and water in areas occupied by marginalized groups; unregulated real estate markets; conversion of land used for housing to commercial uses; land grabbing; and the disproportionate influence of private interests in land use planning.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Incorporating the right to housing as a pillar in a new urban agenda will have important ramifications. The right to housing is the right to a home that is secure and connected to services, employment opportunities and urban life. Beyond walls and a roof, it requires individuals and households to have access to water, sanitation, electricity, schools, health care and other services, such as waste management, roads, sewage systems and access to transportation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- While cities are, for some, places of opportunity and the engines of economic development, for many others they are sites of poverty, inequality and exclusion. The drive for economic growth, to create "world-class cities" and to attract international and domestic investment, has too often occurred at the expense of social inclusion and protection. Increased economic opportunities in cities should provide a lever for greater inclusion and socioeconomic equality, yet urban economies have generally tended to deepen inequality. This tension, between cities as economic drivers and cities as generators of inequality, plays out distinctly with respect to land.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Responsibilities of local and other subnational governments in relation to the right to adequate housing 2015, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Other emerging mechanisms, such as performance contracts which stipulate socioeconomic indicators and targets that municipal officials must meet, can similarly be used as an accountability mechanism at the local level for the right to adequate housing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Responsibilities of local and other subnational governments in relation to the right to adequate housing 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The internal allocation of responsibilities for implementing the right to adequate housing is a matter for State parties to determine, but the allocation must be consistent with the obligation to ensure compliance with international human rights obligations. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has indicated that "all administrative authorities will take account of the requirements of the Covenant in their decision-making". Hence, the wide range of housing policy and programme decisions often made at the local level, including budgeting, planning, zoning, allocation of benefits and publically funded housing units, the provision or regulation of basic services, rent subsidies, and any other decisions related to access to adequate housing, must comply with relevant, applicable human rights norms. In most cases a national housing strategy is required among regional and local authorities in order to reconcile related policies with the obligations under the Covenant. The Committee on the Rights of the Child further clarifies that State parties must also ensure that local authorities "have the necessary financial, human and other resources to effectively discharge [their] responsibilities".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Children
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. (N/A)
- Paragraph text
- Security of tenure is understood as a set of relationships with respect to housing and land, established through statutory or customary law or informal or hybrid arrangements, that enables one to live in one's home in security, peace and dignity. It is an integral part of the right to adequate housing and a necessary ingredient for the enjoyment of many other civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. All persons should possess a degree of security of tenure that guarantees legal protection against forced eviction, harassment and other threats.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Tenure security of the urban poor is affected by the activities of a diverse range of business actors, including property developers, construction companies, speculators, real-estate agencies, landlords, mega-event organizers and banks. While States must protect all individuals against violations of human rights, business enterprises also have human rights responsibilities. The responsibility to respect the right to adequate housing requires that business enterprises avoid causing or contributing to infringements of the right, and address adverse impacts when they occur. It requires that business enterprises seek to prevent adverse impacts on, inter alia, security of tenure that are directly linked to their operations, products or services by their business relationships, even if they have not contributed to those impacts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Access to basic services and facilities. People without an officially recognized tenure status are often denied access to basic services and facilities. In some situations, public and private service providers, including of water, sanitation and electricity, require the presentation of title as a prerequisite for connection or delivery. In other situations, access to social facilities, such as school enrolment, is conditional on a registered address. States should take measures to ensure that access to basic services and facilities, whether publicly or privately provided, is not dependent on tenure status, official registration of residence, or the presentation of title.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 4g
- Paragraph text
- [Property has a vital social function including adequate housing of the urban poor. States should balance property rights with the social function of property in designing and implementing housing and other relevant policies. In particular, States, including relevant authorities, should promote access to secure and well-located housing for the urban poor through, inter alia, the following measures:] Adopt measures to regulate the housing finance market and financial institutions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Remedies for violations of the right to adequate housing may include restitution, reparation, the provision of alternative adequate housing, rehabilitation of housing or livelihoods, financial or non-financial compensation for loss and damage, and punitive sanctions against the perpetrator. An injunction, precautionary measures or other judicial or administrative intervention may be required to prevent imminent forced eviction or other violation. Remedies may also include repeal or amendment of law or policy and quashing of administrative decisions. In this regard, States should ensure that policies and decisions affecting tenure security are subject to administrative and judicial review. In the case of an unjustified failure of the State to adopt appropriate and timely measures to address tenure insecurity taking into account its use of available resources, redress may include an injunction to devise and implement a reasonable plan of action towards security of tenure for aggrieved groups.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 10d
- Paragraph text
- [Tenure status should not pose a barrier to people in accessing an effective remedy for the violation of human rights. States must ensure access to effective administrative and /or judicial remedies for violations of the right to adequate housing, due to, inter alia:] The undermining of security of tenure including through forced eviction.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 10c
- Paragraph text
- [Tenure status should not pose a barrier to people in accessing an effective remedy for the violation of human rights. States must ensure access to effective administrative and /or judicial remedies for violations of the right to adequate housing, due to, inter alia:] Failure to adopt appropriate and timely measures to address tenure insecurity of the urban poor; and
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The urban poor face significant barriers in accessing justice, owing to, inter alia, political influence and corruption in courts and administrative bodies; prohibitive costs of legal representation; absence of legal information; and lack of legal recognition of persons without official identity documentation, including a registered address. States should take all measures to remove these barriers and ensure that the urban poor can access effective remedies through a range of judicial and administrative mechanisms. As an alternative to the courts, land dispute and grievance mechanisms that are inexpensive, accessible, socially legitimate and rule-bound should be established. States should establish, fund and enable legal aid and assistance for the urban poor, in order to address power asymmetries that pervade conflicts over land and obstruct access to justice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 4d
- Paragraph text
- [Property has a vital social function including adequate housing of the urban poor. States should balance property rights with the social function of property in designing and implementing housing and other relevant policies. In particular, States, including relevant authorities, should promote access to secure and well-located housing for the urban poor through, inter alia, the following measures:] Adopt measures to combat speculation and underutilization of private land, housing and buildings;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 4f
- Paragraph text
- [Property has a vital social function including adequate housing of the urban poor. States should balance property rights with the social function of property in designing and implementing housing and other relevant policies. In particular, States, including relevant authorities, should promote access to secure and well-located housing for the urban poor through, inter alia, the following measures:] Adopt measures to regulate and stimulate the low-income rental market and collective forms of tenure; and
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- While some of these principles focus on immediate obligations, the implementation of many measures is, by nature, a progressive process. States must demonstrate that they are taking deliberate, concrete and targeted steps as expeditiously and effectively as possible, including through the design and implementation of a plan of action for strengthening security of tenure. States should conduct baseline surveys of tenure security, develop quantitative and qualitative indicators and set benchmarks against which to monitor progress, evaluate outcomes and inform decision-making. Indicators and benchmarks should be designed to measure progress in, inter alia: (a) promoting a variety of tenure forms; (b) the degree of security they confer; (c) securing the tenure arrangements of marginalized groups; (d) reducing discrimination; and (e) achieving more equitable access to urban housing, including reductions in the number of vacant plots and buildings and the proportion used to house low-income households.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Reflection on work undertaken in first 14 years of the mandate; outline of opportunities and priorities 2014, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The meaning and the application of non-discrimination and equality in the context of economic, social and cultural rights have been described in a variety of international human rights documents.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 10b
- Paragraph text
- [Tenure status should not pose a barrier to people in accessing an effective remedy for the violation of human rights. States must ensure access to effective administrative and /or judicial remedies for violations of the right to adequate housing, due to, inter alia:] Discrimination on the basis of any prohibited ground in the enjoyment of security of tenure;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe