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Education and public information programme 1987, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Considering that the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has considered 34 reports from States parties since 1983,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1987
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Effective national machinery and publicity 1988, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Having considered the reports of States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decided at its twentieth session (1999), pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, to elaborate a general recommendation on article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. This new general recommendation would build, inter alia, on earlier general recommendations, including general recommendation No. 5 (seventh session, 1988), on temporary special measures, No. 8 (seventh session, 1988), on implementation of article 8 of the Convention, and No. 23 (sixteenth session, 1997), on women in public life, as well as on reports of States parties to the Convention and on the Committee's concluding comments to those reports.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- With the present general recommendation, the Committee aims to clarify the nature and meaning of article 4, paragraph 1, in order to facilitate and ensure its full utilization by States parties in the implementation of the Convention. The Committee encourages States parties to translate this general recommendation into national and local languages and to disseminate it widely to the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, including their administrative structures, as well as civil society, including the media, academia, and human rights and women's associations and institutions.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The scope and meaning of article 4, paragraph 1, must be determined in the context of the overall object and purpose of the Convention, which is to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women with a view to achieving women's de jure and de facto equality with men in the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. States parties to the Convention are under a legal obligation to respect, protect, promote and fulfil this right to non-discrimination for women and to ensure the development and advancement of women in order to improve their position to one of de jure as well as de facto equality with men.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Firstly, States parties' obligation is to ensure that there is no direct or indirect discrimination against women in their laws and that women are protected against discrimination - committed by public authorities, the judiciary, organizations, enterprises or private individuals - in the public as well as the private spheres by competent tribunals as well as sanctions and other remedies. Secondly, States parties' obligation is to improve the de facto position of women through concrete and effective policies and programmes. Thirdly, States parties' obligation is to address prevailing gender relations and the persistence of gender-based stereotypes that affect women not only through individual acts by individuals but also in law, and legal and societal structures and institutions.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In the Committee's view, a purely formal legal or programmatic approach is not sufficient to achieve women's de facto equality with men, which the Committee interprets as substantive equality. In addition, the Convention requires that women be given an equal start and that they be empowered by an enabling environment to achieve equality of results. It is not enough to guarantee women treatment that is identical to that of men. Rather, biological as well as socially and culturally constructed differences between women and men must be taken into account. Under certain circumstances, non-identical treatment of women and men will be required in order to address such differences. Pursuit of the goal of substantive equality also calls for an effective strategy aimed at overcoming underrepresentation of women and a redistribution of resources and power between men and women.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Women's biologically determined permanent needs and experiences should be distinguished from other needs that may be the result of past and present discrimination against women by individual actors, the dominant gender ideology, or by manifestations of such discrimination in social and cultural structures and institutions. As steps are being taken to eliminate discrimination against women, women's needs may change or disappear, or become the needs of both women and men. Thus, continuous monitoring of laws, programmes and practices directed at the achievement of women's de facto or substantive equality is needed so as to avoid a perpetuation of non-identical treatment that may no longer be warranted.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Certain groups of women, in addition to suffering from discrimination directed against them as women, may also suffer from multiple forms of discrimination based on additional grounds such as race, ethnic or religious identity, disability, age, class, caste or other factors. Such discrimination may affect these groups of women primarily, or to a different degree or in different ways than men. States parties may need to take specific temporary special measures to eliminate such multiple forms of discrimination against women and its compounded negative impact on them.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other international human rights instruments and policy documents adopted in the United Nations system contain provisions on temporary special measures to support the achievement of equality. Such measures are described in different terminology, and the meaning and interpretation given to such measures also differs. It is the Committee's hope that the present general recommendation on article 4, paragraph 1, will contribute to a clarification of terminology.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Convention targets discriminatory dimensions of past and current societal and cultural contexts which impede women's enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. It aims at the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, including the elimination of the causes and consequences of their de facto or substantive inequality. Therefore, the application of temporary special measures in accordance with the Convention is one of the means to realize de facto or substantive equality for women, rather than an exception to the norms of non- discrimination and equality.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. II.
- Paragraph text
- The meaning and scope of temporary special measures in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- There is a clear difference between the purpose of the "special measures" under article 4, paragraph 1, and those of paragraph 2. The purpose of article 4, paragraph 1, is to accelerate the improvement of the position of women to achieve their de facto or substantive equality with men, and to effect the structural, social and cultural changes necessary to correct past and current forms and effects of discrimination against women, as well as to provide them with compensation. These measures are of a temporary nature.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Measures taken under article 4, paragraph 1, by States parties should aim to accelerate the equal participation of women in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. The Committee views the application of these measures not as an exception to the norm of non- discrimination, but rather as an emphasis that temporary special measures are part of a necessary strategy by States parties directed towards the achievement of de facto or substantive equality of women with men in the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. While the application of temporary special measures often remedies the effects of past discrimination against women, the obligation of States parties under the Convention to improve the position of women to one of de facto or substantive equality with men exists irrespective of any proof of past discrimination. The Committee considers that States parties that adopt and implement such measures under the Convention do not discriminate against men.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- States parties should clearly distinguish between temporary special measures taken under article 4, paragraph 1, to accelerate the achievement of a concrete goal for women of de facto or substantive equality, and other general social policies adopted to improve the situation of women and the girl child. Not all measures that potentially are, or will be, favourable to women are temporary special measures. The provision of general conditions in order to guarantee the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of women and the girl child, designed to ensure for them a life of dignity and non-discrimination, cannot be called temporary special measures.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 1988
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Equal remuneration for work of equal value 1989, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends to the States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women that:] They should consider the study, development and adoption of job evaluation systems based on gender-neutral criteria that would facilitate the comparison of the value of those jobs of a different nature, in which women presently predominate, with those jobs in which men presently predominate, and they should include the results achieved in their reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1989
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Statistical data 1989, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Considering that statistical information is absolutely necessary in order to understand the real situation of women in each of the States parties to the Convention,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1989
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Tenth anniversary of the adoption of CEDAW 1989, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends that, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Convention, the States parties should consider:] Requesting the Secretary-General to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Convention by publishing and disseminating, in cooperation with the specialized agencies, printed and other materials regarding the Convention and its implementation in all official languages of the United Nations, preparing television documentaries about the Convention, and making the necessary resources available to the Division for the Advancement of Women, Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations Office at Vienna, to prepare an analysis of the information provided by States parties in order to update and publish the report of the Committee (A/CONF.116/13), which was first published for the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, held at Nairobi in 1985.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1989
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Violence against women 1989, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Taking into account Economic and Social Council resolution 1988/27,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1989
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Avoidance of discrimination against women in national strategies for the prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 1990, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Having regard to the reports and materials prepared by the World Health Organization and other United Nations organizations, organs and bodies in relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and, in particular, the note by the Secretary-General to the Commission on the Status of Women on the effects of AIDS on the advancement of women and the Final Document of the International Consultation on AIDS and Human Rights, held at Geneva from 26 to 28 July 1989,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Concerned about the continuation of the practice of female circumcision and other traditional practices harmful to the health of women,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Noting with satisfaction that Governments, where such practices exist, national women's organizations, non-governmental organizations, specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, as well as the Commission on Human Rights and its Submission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, remain seized of the issue having particularly recognized that such traditional practices as female circumcision have serious health and other consequences for women and children,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Noting with interest the study of the Special Rapporteur on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children, as well as the study of the Special Working Group on Traditional Practices,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that women are taking important action themselves to identify and to combat practices that are prejudicial to the health and well-being of women and children,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Convinced that the important action that is being taken by women and by all interested groups needs to be supported and encouraged by Governments,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1990
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Disabled Women 1991, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Taking into consideration particularly article 3 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 1991
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Disabled Women 1991, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Having considered more than 60 periodic reports of States parties, and having recognized that they provide scarce information on disabled women,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 1991
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Disabled Women 1991, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Concerned about the situation of disabled women, who suffer from a double discrimination linked to their special living conditions,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 1991
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Disabled Women 1991, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Recalling paragraph 296 of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, in which disabled women are considered as a vulnerable group under the heading "areas of special concern",
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 1991
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Disabled Women 1991, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Affirming its support for the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons (1982),
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 1991
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe