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Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Even when these legal rights are vested in women, and the courts enforce them, property owned by a woman during marriage or on divorce may be managed by a man. In many States, including those where there is a community-property regime, there is no legal requirement that a woman be consulted when property owned by the parties during marriage or de facto relationship is sold or otherwise disposed of. This limits the woman's ability to control disposition of the property or the income derived from it.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 1994
- Date de modification
- 21 sept. 2020
Paragraphe
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The Committee acknowledges that, as a matter of international law, the authorities of the country of origin are primarily responsible for providing protection to the citizens, including ensuring that women enjoy their rights under the Convention, and that it is only when such protection is not available that international protection is invoked to protect the basic human rights that are seriously at risk. However, the Committee notes that the fact that a woman asylum seeker has not sought the protection of the State or made a complaint to the authorities before her departure from her country of origin should not prejudice her asylum claim, especially where violence against women is tolerated or there is a pattern of failure in responding to women's complaints of abuse. It would not be realistic to require her to have sought protection in advance of her flight. She may also lack confidence in the justice system and access to justice or fear abuse, harassment or retaliation for making such complaints.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Amending article 20 of the Convention 1995, para. N/A
- Paragraph text
- Considering that the articles of the Convention address the fundamental human rights of women in all aspects of their daily lives and in all areas of society and the State,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1995
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Convention is a significant tool in international efforts to prevent and reduce statelessness because it particularly affects women and girls with regard to nationality rights. The Convention requires full protection of women's equality in nationality matters. Nationality is the legal bond between a person and a State and is critical to ensuring full participation in society. Nationality is also essential to guaranteeing the exercise and enjoyment of other rights, including the right to enter and reside permanently in the territory of a State and to return to that State from abroad. Article 9 of the Convention is therefore essential to the enjoyment of the full range of human rights by women. While human rights are to be enjoyed by everyone, regardless of nationality status, in practice nationality is frequently a prerequisite for the enjoyment of basic human rights. Without nationality, girls and women are subject to compounded discrimination as women and as non-nationals or stateless persons.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration are part of the broader security sector reform framework and among the first security initiatives put in place in post-conflict and transition periods. This notwithstanding, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are rarely developed or implemented in coordination with security sector reform initiatives. This lack of coordination often undermines women's rights, such as when amnesties are granted in order to facilitate the reintegration into security sector positions of ex-combatants who have committed gender-based violations. Women are also excluded from positions within newly formed security sector institutions owing to a lack of planning and coordination in security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration initiatives. Inadequate vetting processes further impede gender-sensitive security sector reform, which is key to developing non-discriminatory, gender-responsive security sector institutions that address the security needs of women and girls, including disadvantaged groups.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Women and adolescent girls who have been, or are at risk of being, subjected to harmful practices face significant risks to their sexual and reproductive health, in particular in a context where they already encounter barriers to decision-making on such issues arising from lack of adequate information and services, including adolescent-friendly services. Special attention is therefore needed to ensure that women and adolescents have access to accurate information about sexual and reproductive health and rights and on the impacts of harmful practices, as well as access to adequate and confidential services. Age-appropriate education, which includes science-based information on sexual and reproductive health, contributes to empowering girls and women to make informed decisions and claim their rights. To this end, health-care providers and teachers with adequate knowledge, understanding and skills play a crucial role in conveying the information, preventing harmful practices and identifying and assisting women and girls who are victims of or might be at risk of being subjected to them.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 68a
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] The Committee recommends that States parties:Ratify the Optional Protocol;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Women have the right to be fully informed, by properly trained personnel, of their options in agreeing to treatment or research, including likely benefits and potential adverse effects of proposed procedures and available alternatives.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1999
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Migrant women who live and work temporarily in another country should be permitted the same rights as men to have their spouses, partners and children join them.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 1994
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- States parties should widely disseminate the present joint general recommendation/general comment to parliaments, Governments and the judiciary, nationally and locally. It should also be made known to children and women and all relevant professionals and stakeholders, including those working for and with children (i.e. judges, lawyers, police officers and other law enforcement officials, teachers, guardians, social workers, staff of public or private welfare institutions and shelters and health-care providers) and civil society at large. It should be translated into relevant languages and child-friendly/appropriate versions and formats accessible to persons with disabilities should be made available. Conferences, seminars, workshops and other events should be held to share good practice on how best to implement it. It should also be incorporated into the formal pre-service and in-service training of all relevant professionals and technical staff and should be made available to all national human rights institutions, women's organizations and other human rights non-governmental organizations.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Article 14 is the only provision in an international human rights treaty that specifically pertains to rural women. However, all rights under the Convention apply to rural women, and article 14 must be interpreted in the context of the Convention as a whole. When reporting, States parties should address all articles that have bearing on the enjoyment of rights by rural women and girls. Accordingly, the present general recommendation explores the links between article 14 and other Convention provisions. As many of the Sustainable Development Goals address the situation of rural women and provide an important opportunity to advance both process and outcome indicators, the specific intent of the present general recommendation is to provide guidance to States parties on the implementation of their obligations with respect to rural women. While general recommendation No. 34 focuses on rural women in developing countries, some of its components also pertain to the situation of rural women in developed countries. It is recognized that rural women, even in developed countries, suffer discrimination and challenges in various areas, including economic empowerment, participation in political and public life, access to services and the labour exploitation of rural migrant women workers.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- For example, many migrant women workers in developed countries are employed in agriculture and often face serious violations of their human rights, including violence, exploitation and denial of access to services, including health care. In addition, the move to industrial farming in many developed countries has tended to marginalize small farmers, having a disproportionate impact on rural women. There is therefore a need to facilitate and support alternative and gender responsive agricultural development programmes that enable small-scale women producers to participate in and benefit from agriculture and rural development. In addition, while rural communities in developed countries may often be well connected to social services and have access to transportation infrastructure, water, sanitation, technology, education and health-care systems, among others, the situation is not equal across all rural communities. In many places, such access is noticeably lacking, and women living within those rural communities experience not only the deprivation of such rights but also an increased burden of care work as a result. This holds particularly true in peripheral or remote rural communities, including indigenous ones, which are isolated and tend to have higher levels of poverty.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- The rights of rural women and girls to water and sanitation are not only essential rights in themselves but also key to the realization of a wide range of other rights, including rights to health, food, education and participation.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 36a
- Paragraph text
- [Right to participate in and benefit from rural development (art. 14, para. 2 (a))] [States parties should establish enabling institutional, legal and policy frameworks to ensure that rural development, agricultural and water policies, including with respect to forestry, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture, are gender-responsive and have adequate budgets. States parties should ensure:] The integration and mainstreaming of a gender perspective in all agricultural and rural development policies, strategies, plans (including operational plans) and programmes, enabling rural women to act and be visible as stakeholders, decision makers and beneficiaries, in line with the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security, the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, general recommendation No. 23 (1997) on political and public life and the Sustainable Development Goals. States parties should ensure that those policies, strategies, plans and programmes have evidence-based monitoring and clear evaluation frameworks;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 31f
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should also, in particular:] Ensure that the training curricula of health workers include comprehensive, mandatory, gender-sensitive courses on women's health and human rights, in particular gender-based violence.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1999
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The economic consequences for women of marriage, divorce, separation and death have been of growing concern to the Committee. Research conducted in some countries has found that while men usually experience smaller, if not minimal, income losses after divorce and/or separation, many women experience a substantial decline in household income and increased dependence on social welfare, where it is available. Throughout the world, female-headed households are the most likely to be poor. Their status is inevitably affected by global developments such as the market economy and its crises; women's increasing entry into the paid workforce and their concentration in low-paying jobs; persistent income inequality within and between States; growth in divorce rates and in de facto unions; the reform of social security systems or the launching of new ones; and, above all, the persistence of women's poverty. Despite women's contributions to the economic well-being of the family, their economic inferiority permeates all stages of family relationships, often owing to their responsibility for dependants.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Articles 1-3, 5 (a) and 15 establish an obligation on States parties to ensure that women are not discriminated against during the entire asylum process, beginning from the moment of arrival at the borders. Women asylum seekers are entitled to have their rights under the Convention respected; they are entitled to be treated in a non-discriminatory manner and with respect and dignity at all times during the asylum procedure and thereafter, including through the process of finding durable solutions once asylum status has been recognized by the receiving State. The receiving State has a responsibility towards women granted asylum status when it comes to helping them to, among other things, find proper accommodation, training and/or job opportunities, providing legal, medical, psychosocial support for victims of trauma and offering language classes and other measures facilitating their integration. In addition, women asylum seekers whose asylum applications are denied should be granted dignified and non-discriminatory return processes.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- States parties should ensure that adequate protection and health services, including trauma treatment and counselling, are provided for women in especially difficult circumstances, such as those trapped in situations of armed conflict and women refugees.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 1999
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- This not only affects women personally but also limits the development of their skills and independence and reduces access to employment, thereby detrimentally affecting their families and communities.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 1994
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- States parties should identify and implement temporary special measures to ensure the equal representation of women in all fields covered by articles 7 and 8.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1997
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 45a
- Paragraph text
- [Under article 7, paragraph (b), such measures include those designed to ensure:] Equality of representation of women in the formulation of government policy;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1997
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 65d
- Paragraph text
- [Many countries have made reservations to:] Article 16, which indicates that States parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The rights provided in this article overlap with and complement those in article 15 (2) in which an obligation is placed on States to give women equal rights to enter into and conclude contracts and to administer property.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 1994
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 45c
- Paragraph text
- [Under article 7, paragraph (b), such measures include those designed to ensure:] Recruiting processes directed at women that are open and subject to appeal.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1997
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 56b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Provide for independent monitoring and review of the decisions of specialized judicial and quasi-judicial mechanisms;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 60b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Provide national human rights institutions with a broad mandate and the authority to consider complaints regarding women's human rights;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- These factors at least partially explain the paradox that women, who represent half of all electorates, do not wield their political power or form blocs which would promote their interests or change government, or eliminate discriminatory policies.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1997
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- States parties should adopt a comprehensive health-care policy aimed at protecting the health needs of older women in line with the Committee's general recommendation No. 24 (1999) on women and health. Such policy should ensure affordable and accessible health care to all older women through, where appropriate, the elimination of user fees, training of health workers in geriatric illnesses, provision of medicine to treat age-related chronic and non-communicable diseases, long-term health and social care, including care that allows for independent living and palliative care. Long-term care provisions should include interventions promoting behavioural and lifestyle changes to delay the onset of health problems, such as healthy nutritional practices and an active lifestyle, and affordable access to health-care services, including screening for and treatment of diseases, in particular those most prevalent among older women. Health policies must also ensure that health care provided to older women, including those with disabilities, is based on the free and informed consent of the person concerned.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2010
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Amending article 20 of the Convention 1995, para. N/A
- Paragraph text
- Noting that the States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, at the request of the General Assembly, will meet during 1995 to consider amending article 20 of the Convention,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1995
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 45b
- Paragraph text
- [Under article 7, paragraph (b), such measures include those designed to ensure:] Women's enjoyment in practice of the equal right to hold public office;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1997
- Date de modification
- 14 févr. 2020
Paragraphe