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Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- A disproportionate amount of unpaid care work falls on women, limiting women's capacity to engage in paid work. This is evidenced in empirical studies which show that women, whether or not they are in paid employment, spend between twice to four times the amount of hours on care functions than do men. Up to 90 per cent of home care due to illness is performed by women and girls.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- No country has succeeded in closing the gender gap in all aspects of economic and social life. From her first days to her last, a woman's experiences will inevitably be marked by the expectations, beliefs, stereotypes, values, opportunities, roles and responsibilities associated with being female in her culture. While every girl is unique and every woman's life is different, in all societies they share certain aspects of quality of life as a result of living in a gendered and patriarchal reality. Gender discrimination and inequality manifest themselves at all stages of women's life cycle.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Domestic workers caring for children, the disabled and ageing people, are a highly vulnerable category of employees, often in the informal sector. About 83 per cent are women or girls, and many are migrant workers. Domestic workers often encounter deplorable working conditions; labour exploitation; extortionate recruitment fees resulting in debt; confiscation of passports; long, unregulated hours of work; lack of privacy; exposure to physical and sexual abuse; and separation from their own families and children. The ILO Domestic Workers Convention (No. 189) calls for States to guarantee decent work for domestic workers, and thus several countries have introduced new protections.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Most countries only track enrolment and not completion rates, yet enrolment is an inherently flawed measure of girls' access to education. Attendance is a better measure, as girls' attendance may be cut short due to domestic responsibilities such as cooking, fetching water and firewood, and childcare; lack of adequate sanitation in schools to meet the needs of menstruating girls; early marriage or pregnancy; and gender-based violence and harassment, including in schools. In situations of economic contraction, as households cope with declining household income, girls are more vulnerable to being pulled out of school, with girls experiencing a 29 per cent decrease in primary school completion rates versus 22 per cent for boys.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Culture, when understood as a macro concept, also includes religion. Religion constitutes an institutionalized aspect of culture, with its own sources of authority that regulate social behaviour. It is often based on the concept of transcendental authority, and most religions have codified normative systems. Change must be wrought within the religious hierarchy of the community and must conform to the religious dogma of the written sources. As a consequence, religions are often a haven against social and cultural change. In all religions, there are movements that resist any change to the patriarchy and the status of women and girls in the family. Conversely, non-gender-based discriminatory practices, including some previously defended in the name of culture and religion, such as slavery, have been delegitimized or abandoned as values and ethics have evolved.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The cultural construction of gender is conducive to generalized discrimination against women in all cultures. Discrimination against women and girls cannot, therefore, be considered an essentialist element, present in certain cultures and not in others. Since cultures are neither homogeneous nor unchanging, there are very significant differences between them concerning their stages of development and the extent to which the patriarchy, misogyny and practices that are harmful to women and girls exist within them.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The stigma and shame generated by stereotypes around menstruation have severe impacts on all aspects of women's and girls' lives, on their dignity and well-being as well as on their right to education and to employment, as they may feel obliged to stay home from school or work every month because of appropriate facilities and hygienic items are not available. Characterizing women's menstrual pain as "neurotic" tends to make women reluctant to seek help, which can delay diagnosis of, for example, the severely disabling disease of endometriosis, in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows in an abnormal anatomical location.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group found that instrumentalization and politicization of women's biological functions in many countries subjects legislation and policies regarding women's and girls' health and safety to patriarchal agendas, especially regarding reproductive and sexual health and mental health. The Working Group found manifestations in all regions of instrumentalization, taboos regarding menstruation and breastfeeding and stereotypes which result in harmful practices such as female genital mutilation or which have a negative impact on women's body image, leading to their seeking invasive cosmetic procedures.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 73c (vi)
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Guarantee women's de jure and de facto right to equality in family diversity: Prohibit and punish domestic violence, including incest and marital rape, and provide measures to protect women and girls who are victims of such violence, such as protection orders and shelters;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 73a (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Establish a national legal framework recognizing gender equality in cultural and family life, in accordance with regional and international standards: (iii) Develop national strategies to eradicate cultural practices that discriminate against women and girls, as well as gender stereotypes, through awareness-raising campaigns, educational and informational programmes and stakeholder mobilization. Engage men, as appropriate, in prevention and protection efforts in respect of gender-based discrimination and violence;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 108i
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Provide age-appropriate, comprehensive and inclusive sexuality education based on scientific evidence and human rights, for girls and boys, as part of the mandatory school programmes. Sexuality education should give particular attention to gender equality, sexuality, relationships, gender identity, including non-conforming gender identities, and responsible parenthood and sexual behaviour to prevent early pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Research overwhelmingly indicated that the presence of women in rural governance has had positive impacts on key gendered concerns, including the improvement of health services, water and sanitation facilities, and microcredit schemes for women. Issues related to discrimination and violence against women were also being addressed by women representatives. Additional research showed significant impacts on attitudinal changes and in the elimination of gender stereotypes, demonstrated in shifts in the organization of labour in households, women’s self-perception and increased societal support for girls’ education and future aspirations. These correlations increased in villages where women chairs had been elected a second time.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- While the ongoing efforts of project partners have ensured sustained impacts, the context of endemic sexualized violence against girls and women continues to be an issue. Those regions of the country that face heightened security issues present challenges, and it remains to be demonstrated whether there can be shifts in public sentiment regarding rape of women. A highly active civil society ensures that courts continue to be used to push for progress on the implementation of girls’ rights and on State responsibility for protecting children against sexual violence. However, it is unclear whether civil society organizations bear a disproportionate burden vis-à-vis the State, and whether the enabling context for such organizations will be maintained. Challenges include ensuring ongoing sources of funding for the project and decreasing reliance on overseas funding.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- In one State in the Western Europe and others group, indigenous women and girls continued to be the target of racially motivated sexual and gender-based violence that began with colonization, as affirmed in a 2015 inquiry report by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, in which the Committee noted grave and systemic violations of indigenous women’s rights, exacerbated by entrenched discrimination that impeded access to justice. In a rural, predominantly indigenous region of the State, a series of high-profile cases, including the acquittal of federal police officers for sexual assault and the death of an indigenous man in police custody, had led to the mobilization of civil society organizations and public outcry, precipitating a government review of the police force in 2010. Local women’s organizations lobbied for inclusion in order to push for an improved response by the justice system to violence against women.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Women are disadvantaged economically as a result of social and cultural parameters, including stereotyping, discrimination and violence. A structural barrier to women's economic empowerment is the disparate feminization of unpaid care responsibilities. These cultural and structural barriers appear throughout girls' and women's life cycle and, indeed, women's economic situation varies throughout their life cycle more than men's.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 73c (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Guarantee women's de jure and de facto right to equality in family diversity: Eliminate in law and in practice all forms of marriage that restrict and/or deny women and girls' rights, well-being and dignity, including early and/or forced marriage, polygamous marriage and temporary marriage;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The gender gap in education is not as stark as it once was: today, female enrolment is rising at greater rate than among males, and data show the achievement of gender parity at primary and/or secondary levels in two thirds of countries. In 2013, 25 countries had fully closed the gap in educational attainment at all levels (5 more than in 2012) with, in some cases, even disparities in favour of girls.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Adolescent girls are particularly exposed to gender-based violence in the family and on their way to or at school, with extremely harmful impacts on their physical and mental health. In its resolution 70/137 the General Assembly called upon all States to improve the safety of girls on the way to and from school, taking steps to ensure that all schools are accessible, safe, secure and free from violence and providing separate and adequate sanitation facilities that provide privacy and dignity.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In view of the broad thematic scope of its mandate, covering discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Working Group has identified four thematic areas of focus, namely, political and public life; economic and social life; family and cultural life; and health and safety. The Working Group regards violence against women and the intersection of various grounds of discrimination as cross-cutting in all of its work. It is paying particular attention to specific groups of women, including but not limited to women living in poverty, migrant women, women with disabilities, women belonging to minorities, rural and indigenous women, older women, girls, including adolescents, women in conflict and post-conflict situations, refugee women, internally displaced women and stateless women.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- School-related gender-based violence takes different forms, with girls in some countries violently targeted for attending school, while in other countries, they are subject in school to sexual violence or harassment, including by teachers. Such violence results in trauma, stigmatization and sometimes pregnancy, and severely curtails girls' educational opportunities. In many States, sexual intercourse with a minor is considered rape, as minors are not capable of consent, but only 32 out of 100 States have specific provisions on sexual harassment at schools. Examples of good practices by some States include introducing confidential school reporting mechanisms, capacity-building for police, child-friendly courts, a public register of sexual offenders and barring sexual offenders from teaching.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 105d (i)
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Adopt a holistic approach towards women's health and safety by looking at their full life cycle from childhood to old age as interconnected phases with distinct considerations and needs, and in this regard: Take effective measures to prevent child marriage and adolescent pregnancies and provide girls with comprehensive education based on scientific evidence on matters of health, including sexuality;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Restrictions in many countries on girls' and women's access to unbiased, quality education, including evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education, and information about where and how to obtain essential health services prevent women from making free and informed decisions about their health and safety and hence obstruct proper, informed access to health care. This is particularly true for adolescents and marginalized women facing multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination. Such restrictions are manifestations of censorship that limit women's and girls' choices.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Women's poverty and quality of life in older age derives from the culmination of the earlier phases in their life cycle and bears their imprint: stereotyping in education and girlhood; precarious jobs; informal labour; the costs of caring; interrupted career patterns; and the motherhood penalty in labour force participation. Hence women's situation in retirement can be regarded as a litmus test for the quality of women's economic and social life.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Ensure equality for girls in the quality of education at all levels, including breaking down gender stereotypes in school curricula, teacher training programmes, textbooks and teaching materials; and encourage girls' engagement in non-traditional vocational skill areas and academic disciplines, such as mathematics, science and technology;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 105c
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Take into account the impact of women's safety on their physical and mental health and protect women and girls from violence at home, on their way to or at school and in other public spaces and in health facilities;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106f
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Combat stereotyping and empower girls to take care of their own health and safety from a young age, both at school and at home, and inform and empower women regarding their own bodies at all stages of their lives;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The State must act as an agent of change as regards women's place in cultural and family life, by fostering and creating a culture free of all forms of discrimination against women. A transformative approach to women and girls' status in the family is crucial. There needs to be awareness that, in the past, a patriarchal concept of family pervaded all secular, religious, customary and indigenous laws and institutions and that some States and groups are now trying, in a retrograde manner, to subject women to the most oppressive forms of patriarchy, particularly in the context of religious fanaticism. It should also be understood that the transition towards equality between women and men, and girls and boys, in the culture and in the family is a prerequisite for a decent society.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Education of girls is key to quality of life for girls, adult women, families and communities. Education has a multiplier effect, increasing labour force participation and reducing child and maternal mortality. A country's progress depends, among other things, on the enhancement of its female human capital. Above all, education is a basic human right that must, at all levels, be made equally available to girls.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 73d (vi)
- Paragraph text
- [According to general recommendation No. 29 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the family is a social and legal construct and, in various countries, a religious construct. It also is an economic construct. The Working Group recommends that States:] Assess, quantify and take account of the impact of women and girls' status in the family in all poverty-reduction policies.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Equality also requires health policy to be based solely on women's health needs and not to be influenced by instrumentalization and politicization. Political contestation around rights to reproductive and sexual health remains a global challenge, resulting in women paying a high price in terms of their health and lives. In adopting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, States committed to ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes. A strong commitment to women's sexual and reproductive rights in international and national law, policies and programmes is crucial for achieving gender equality and ensuring women's and girl's right to health and well-being.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe