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Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention (Descent) 2002, para. (ss)
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends that the States parties, as appropriate for their particular circumstances, adopt some or all of the following measures:] Reduce school drop-out rates for children of all communities, in particular for children of affected communities, with special attention to the situation of girls;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2002
Paragraphe
Discrimination against Roma 2000, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends that the States parties to the Convention, taking into account their specific situations, adopt for the benefit of members of the Roma communities, inter alia, all or part of the following measures, as appropriate.] To support the inclusion in the school system of all children of Roma origin and to act to reduce drop out rates, in particular among Roma girls, and, for these purposes, to cooperate actively with Roma parents, associations and local communities.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2000
Paragraphe
Discrimination against Roma 2000, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends that the States parties to the Convention, taking into account their specific situations, adopt for the benefit of members of the Roma communities, inter alia, all or part of the following measures, as appropriate.] To ensure that their programmes, projects and campaigns in the field of education take into account the disadvantaged situation of Roma girls and women.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2000
Paragraphe
Gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 2017, para. 30b (i)
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties implement the following preventive measures:] Develop and implement effective measures, with the active participation of all relevant stakeholders, such as representatives of women’s organizations and of marginalized groups of women and girls, to address and eradicate the stereotypes, prejudices, customs and practices set out in article 5 of the Convention, which condone or promote gender-based violence against women and underpin the structural inequality of women with men. Such measures should include the following: Integration of content on gender equality into curricula at all levels of education, both public and private, from early childhood onwards and into education programmes with a human rights approach. The content should target stereotyped gender roles and promote the values of gender equality and non-discrimination, including non-violent masculinities, and ensure age-appropriate, evidence-based and scientifically accurate comprehensive sexuality education for girls and boys;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 2017, para. 30c
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties implement the following preventive measures:] Develop and implement effective measures to make public spaces safe for and accessible to all women and girls, including by promoting and supporting community-based measures adopted with the participation of women’s groups. Measures should include ensuring adequate physical infrastructure, including lighting, in urban and rural settings, in particular in and around schools;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- States parties have an obligation to challenge and change patriarchal ideologies and structures that constrain women and girls from fully exercising their human rights and freedoms. For girls and women to overcome the social exclusion and poverty that many experience, which increase their vulnerability to exploitation, harmful practices and other forms of gender-based violence, they need to be equipped with the skills and competencies necessary to assert their rights, including to make autonomous and informed decisions and choices about their own lives. In this context, education is an important tool for empowering women and girls to claim their rights.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- There is a clear correlation between the low educational attainment of girls and women and the prevalence of harmful practices. States parties to the Conventions have obligations to ensure the universal right to high-quality education and to create an enabling environment that allows girls and women to become agents of change (Convention on the Rights of the Child, arts. 28-29; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, art. 10). This entails providing universal, free and compulsory primary school enrolment and ensuring regular attendance, discouraging dropping out, eliminating existing gender disparities and supporting access for the most marginalized girls, including those living in remote and rural communities. In implementing the obligations, consideration should be given to making schools and their surroundings safe, friendly to girls and conducive to their optimal performance.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The completion of primary and secondary education provides girls with short-term and long-term benefits by contributing to the prevention of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy and lower rates of infant and maternal mortality and morbidity, preparing women and girls to better claim their right to freedom from violence and increasing their opportunities for effective participation in all spheres of life. The Committees have consistently encouraged States parties to take measures to boost enrolment and retention in secondary education, including by ensuring that pupils complete primary school, abolishing school fees for both primary and secondary education, promoting equitable access to secondary education, including technical-vocational educational opportunities and giving consideration to making secondary education compulsory. The right of adolescent girls to continue their studies, during and after pregnancy, can be guaranteed through non-discriminatory return policies.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- For out-of-school girls, non-formal education is often their only route to learning and should provide basic education and instruction in life skills. It is an alternative to formal schooling for those who did not complete primary or secondary school and may also be made available through radio programmes and other media, including digital media.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Childhood, and early adolescence at the latest, are entry points for assisting both girls and boys and supporting them to change gender-based attitudes and adopt more positive roles and forms of behaviour in the home, at school and in wider society. This means facilitating discussions with them on social norms, attitudes and expectations that are associated with traditional femininity and masculinity and sex- and gender-linked stereotypical roles and working in partnership with them to support personal and social change aimed at eliminating gender inequality and promoting the importance of valuing education, especially girls' education, in the effort to eliminate harmful practices that specifically affect pre-adolescent and adolescent girls.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 69a
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Provide universal, free and compulsory primary education that is girl friendly, including in remote and rural areas, consider making secondary education mandatory while also providing economic incentives for pregnant girls and adolescent mothers to complete secondary school and establish non-discriminatory return policies;
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 69b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Provide girls and women with educational and economic opportunities in a safe and enabling environment where they can develop their self-esteem, awareness of their rights and communication, negotiation and problem-solving skills;
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 69e
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Ensure access to non-formal education programmes for girls who have dropped out of regular schooling, or who have never enrolled and are illiterate, and monitor the quality of those programmes;
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Child marriage is often accompanied by early and frequent pregnancy and childbirth, resulting in higher than average maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Pregnancy-related deaths are the leading cause of mortality for girls between 15 and 19 years of age, whether married or unmarried, around the world. Infant mortality among the children of very young mothers is higher (sometimes as much as two times higher) than among those of older mothers. In cases of child and/or forced marriage, in particular where the husband is significantly older than the wife, and where girls have limited education, the girls generally have limited decision-making power in relation to their own lives. Child marriage also contributes to higher rates of school dropout, especially among girls, forced exclusion from school and an increased risk of domestic violence, in addition to limiting the enjoyment of the right to freedom of movement.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- States parties have an obligation to challenge and change patriarchal ideologies and structures that constrain women and girls from fully exercising their human rights and freedoms. For girls and women to overcome the social exclusion and poverty that many experience, which increase their vulnerability to exploitation, harmful practices and other forms of gender-based violence, they need to be equipped with the skills and competencies necessary to assert their rights, including to make autonomous and informed decisions and choices about their own lives. In this context, education is an important tool for empowering women and girls to claim their rights.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- There is a clear correlation between the low educational attainment of girls and women and the prevalence of harmful practices. States parties to the Conventions have obligations to ensure the universal right to high-quality education and to create an enabling environment that allows girls and women to become agents of change (Convention on the Rights of the Child, arts. 28-29; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, art. 10). This entails providing universal, free and compulsory primary school enrolment and ensuring regular attendance, discouraging dropping out, eliminating existing gender disparities and supporting access for the most marginalized girls, including those living in remote and rural communities. In implementing the obligations, consideration should be given to making schools and their surroundings safe, friendly to girls and conducive to their optimal performance.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The completion of primary and secondary education provides girls with short-term and long-term benefits by contributing to the prevention of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy and lower rates of infant and maternal mortality and morbidity, preparing women and girls to better claim their right to freedom from violence and increasing their opportunities for effective participation in all spheres of life. The Committees have consistently encouraged States parties to take measures to boost enrolment and retention in secondary education, including by ensuring that pupils complete primary school, abolishing school fees for both primary and secondary education, promoting equitable access to secondary education, including technical-vocational educational opportunities and giving consideration to making secondary education compulsory. The right of adolescent girls to continue their studies, during and after pregnancy, can be guaranteed through non-discriminatory return policies.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- For out-of-school girls, non-formal education is often their only route to learning and should provide basic education and instruction in life skills. It is an alternative to formal schooling for those who did not complete primary or secondary school and may also be made available through radio programmes and other media, including digital media.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Childhood, and early adolescence at the latest, are entry points for assisting both girls and boys and supporting them to change gender-based attitudes and adopt more positive roles and forms of behaviour in the home, at school and in wider society. This means facilitating discussions with them on social norms, attitudes and expectations that are associated with traditional femininity and masculinity and sex- and gender-linked stereotypical roles and working in partnership with them to support personal and social change aimed at eliminating gender inequality and promoting the importance of valuing education, especially girls' education, in the effort to eliminate harmful practices that specifically affect pre-adolescent and adolescent girls.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 69a
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Provide universal, free and compulsory primary education that is girl friendly, including in remote and rural areas, consider making secondary education mandatory while also providing economic incentives for pregnant girls and adolescent mothers to complete secondary school and establish non-discriminatory return policies;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 69b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Provide girls and women with educational and economic opportunities in a safe and enabling environment where they can develop their self-esteem, awareness of their rights and communication, negotiation and problem-solving skills;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 69e
- Paragraph text
- [The Committees recommend that the States parties to the Conventions:] Ensure access to non-formal education programmes for girls who have dropped out of regular schooling, or who have never enrolled and are illiterate, and monitor the quality of those programmes;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
HIV/AIDS and the rights of the children 2003, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Dialogue with community, family and peer counsellors, and the provision of "life skills" education within schools, including skills in communicating on sexuality and healthy living, have been found to be useful approaches to delivering HIV prevention messages to both girls and boys, but different approaches may be necessary to reach different groups of children. States parties must make efforts to address gender differences as they may impact on the access children have to prevention messages, and ensure that children are reached with appropriate prevention messages even if they face constraints due to language, religion, disability or other factors of discrimination. Particular attention must be paid to raising awareness among hard to reach populations. In this respect, the role of the mass media and/or oral tradition in ensuring that children have access to information and material, as recognized in article 17 of the Convention, is crucial both to providing appropriate information and to reducing stigmatization and discrimination. States parties should support the regular monitoring and evaluation of HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns to ascertain their effectiveness in providing information, reducing ignorance, stigmatization and discrimination, as well as addressing fear and misperceptions concerning HIV and its transmission among children, including adolescents.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2003
Paragraphe
HIV/AIDS and the rights of the children 2003, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Education plays a critical role in providing children with relevant and appropriate information on HIV/AIDS, which can contribute to increased awareness and better understanding of this pandemic and prevent negative attitudes towards victims of HIV/AIDS (see also the Committee's General Comment No. 1 on the aims of education). Furthermore, education can and should empower children to protect themselves from the risk of HIV infection. In this regard, the Committee wishes to remind States parties of their obligation to ensure that primary education is available to all children, whether infected, orphaned or otherwise affected by HIV/AIDS. In many communities where HIV has spread widely, children from affected families, in particular girls, are facing serious difficulties staying in school and the number of teachers and other school employees lost to AIDS is limiting and threatening to destroy the ability of children to access education. States parties must make adequate provision to ensure that children affected by HIV/AIDS can stay in school and ensure the qualified replacement of sick teachers so that children's regular attendance at schools is not affected, and that the right to education (art. 28) of all children living within these communities is fully protected.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2003
Paragraphe
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Early childhood education. The Convention recognizes the right of the child to education, and primary education should be made compulsory and available free to all (art. 28). The Committee recognizes with appreciation that some States parties are planning to make one year of preschool education available and free of cost for all children. The Committee interprets the right to education during early childhood as beginning at birth and closely linked to young children's right to maximum development (art. 6.2). Linking education to development is elaborated in article 29.1: "States parties agree that the education of the child shall be directed to: (a) the development of the child's personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential". General comment No. 1 on the aims of education explains that the goal is to "empower the child by developing his or her skills, learning and other capacities, human dignity, self esteem and self confidence" and that this must be achieved in ways that are child centred, child friendly and reflect the rights and inherent dignity of the child (para. 2). States parties are reminded that children's right to education include all children, and that girls should be enabled to participate in education, without discrimination of any kind (art. 2).
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Année
- 2006
Paragraphe
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Right to rest, leisure and play. The Committee notes that insufficient attention has been given by States parties and others to the implementation of the provisions of article 31 of the Convention, which guarantees "the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts". Play is one of the most distinctive features of early childhood. Through play, children both enjoy and challenge their current capacities, whether they are playing alone or with others. The value of creative play and exploratory learning is widely recognized in early childhood education. Yet realizing the right to rest, leisure and play is often hindered by a shortage of opportunities for young children to meet, play and interact in child centred, secure, supportive, stimulating and stress free environments. Children's right to play space is especially at risk in many urban environments, where the design and density of housing, commercial centres and transport systems combine with noise, pollution and all manner of dangers to create a hazardous environment for young children. Children's right to play can also be frustrated by excessive domestic chores (especially affecting girls) or by competitive schooling. Accordingly, the Committee appeals to States parties, non governmental organizations and private actors to identify and remove potential obstacles to the enjoyment of these rights by the youngest children, including as part of poverty reduction strategies. Planning for towns, and leisure and play facilities should take account of children's right to express their views (art. 12), through appropriate consultations. In all these respects, States parties are encouraged to pay greater attention and allocate adequate resources (human and financial) to the implementation of the right to rest, leisure and play.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Année
- 2006
Paragraphe
Indigenous children and their rights under the Convention 2009, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- States parties should ensure that school facilities are easily accessible where indigenous children live. If required, States parties should support the use of media, such as radio broadcasts and long distance education programmes (internet-based) for educational purposes and establish mobile schools for indigenous peoples who practice nomadic traditions. The school cycle should take into account and seek to adjust to cultural practices as well as agricultural seasons and ceremonial periods. States parties should only establish boarding schools away from indigenous communities when necessary as this may be a disincentive for the enrolment of indigenous children, especially girls. Boarding schools should comply with culturally sensitive standards and be monitored on a regular basis. Attempts should also be made to ensure that indigenous children living outside their communities have access to education in a manner which respects their culture, languages and traditions.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Année
- 2009
Paragraphe
Plans of action for primary education (Art. 14) 1999, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Plans of action prepared by States parties to the Covenant in accordance with article 14 are especially important as the work of the Committee has shown that the lack of educational opportunities for children often reinforces their subjection to various other human rights violations. For instance these children, who may live in abject poverty and not lead healthy lives, are particularly vulnerable to forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Moreover, there is a direct correlation between, for example, primary school enrolment levels for girls and major reductions in child marriages.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 1999
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Worldwide, rural women and girls have lower levels of literacy and are disadvantaged when it comes to access to education and training. Rural girls may be victims of child and/or forced marriage and experience sexual harassment and violence in and out of educational settings, which may force them to drop out of school. Their school attendance is also often curtailed by chores, such as domestic and care work, including cooking, childcare, farm work and fetching water and firewood, the long distances to travel to school and the lack of adequate water, toilet facilities and sanitation in schools, which fail to meet the needs of menstruating girls. In some regions, students and teachers in girls' schools face threats and attacks from opponents of girls' education.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 43a
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should protect the right of rural girls and women to education, and ensure that:] High-quality education is accessible to and affordable for all rural women and girls, including those with disabilities, by improving educational infrastructures in rural areas, increasing the number of qualified teachers, including women, and ensuring that primary education is compulsory and provided free of charge and that education is provided in local languages and in a culturally appropriate manner;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe