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Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Even if the use of force is necessary and proportionate in the immediate circumstances of a case, it may nonetheless be unlawful if it results from a failure to plan, organize and control operations so as to minimize harm, respect and pr eserve human life and avoid any excessive use of force.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In particular, States should thoroughly train their police forces to avoid situations in which the use of force will become inevitable and equip them with various methods and types of weapons and ammunition allowing for a differentiated use of force, including “less lethal” incapacitating weapons and self-defensive equipment such as shields, helmets, bulletproof vests and bulletproof means of transportation. Moreover, law enforcement officials must constantly re-evaluate the situation with a view to avoiding unnecessary or excessive use of force. Whenever the use of force becomes unavoidable, law enforcement officials must ensure that assistance and medical aid is provided to any injured or affected persons at the earliest possible moment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that, in time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and which is officially and lawfully proclaimed in accordance with international law, a State may derogate from certain rights, including the right to freedom of expression. However, derogations are permissible only to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and only when and for so long as they are not inconsistent with its obligations under international law. Moreover, there are certain non-derogable rights, as outlined in article 4(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Hence, a journalist should never, under any circumstances, be arbitrarily deprived of his or her life, subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, imprisoned merely on the grounds of inability to fulfil a contractual obligation, held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence at the time when it was committed, denied recognition as a person before the law, or denied the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The prohibition of torture is absolute and non-derogable, meaning that "no exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture". The prohibition of torture must not be limited or balanced against any other right or concern, and States are not permitted to derogate from their obligations even in times of emergency or armed conflict (see A/HRC/13/39/Add.5, paras. 41-42). Likewise, the prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is considered to be non-derogable and, therefore, must be observed in all circumstances. The gravity of torture also finds expression in the attendant obligations on States to adopt effective legislative, administrative, judicial and/or other measures to prevent acts of torture or other ill-treatment in any territory under their jurisdiction, the obligation to criminalize acts of torture, and the customary international law obligation to investigate, prosecute and punish all acts of torture and other ill-treatment as codified, inter alia, in the Convention.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The constitutional jurisprudence of India provides for the justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights based on "the right to life". This constitutional right was central to the case of People's Union for Civil Liberties ("PUCL") v. Union of India. In mid-2001, public food and employment programmes failed to provide food to deprived people in the impoverished and drought-stricken State of Rajasthan. The Supreme Court of India was petitioned by PUCL to compel the Government to respond to the hunger emergency. In response to the submissions, the Supreme Court held that the right to food was enshrined in the Constitution under the right to life provision in article 47, which requires that the State undertake measures to improve the nutritional state of the population. The Court handed down a series of resolutions which commenced in 2001 requiring State governments in India to implement food distribution programmes for the most disadvantaged. The Court's resolution had a considerable impact on the realization of the right to food in India, and provides an example of the influential role played by the judiciary in encouraging a legislative body to develop human rights legislation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The focus must be shifted from crisis response to preparation and planning, coupled with mandated accountability, monitoring and follow-up.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Remedies should not be limited to punitive actions against perpetrators but should also be directed towards restoring the right to health of affected persons and bridging the divisions in society that may arise from or give rise to continued conflict. As such, the remedies of satisfaction and guarantee of non-repetition, which include measures to cease current violations and prevent future violations as noted by the General Assembly in its resolution 60/147, are particularly important given the ongoing and systemic effects of conflict on the right to health. In the context of the right to health, guarantees of non-repetition include improving protection of health workers in conflict areas; providing clear codes of conduct on the appropriate use of medical facilities in conflict; training of, and awareness-raising among, appropriate actors, including law enforcement, on all aspects of the right to health; undertaking legal reforms including enacting laws that mandate non interference with the impartial provision of health care; and setting up independent dispute settlement and monitoring systems. The remedy of satisfaction includes judicial and administrative sanctions, acknowledgement of wrongdoing, and effective measures to end continuing violations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- A crucial facet of the right to health framework is the effective participation of affected people and communities, especially vulnerable groups. Effective participation should be ensured in all phases of formulating, implementing and monitoring decisions which affect the realization and enjoyment of the right to health in times of conflict. However, policies thus formulated should not be limited to the views of the majority and should take into account the views and needs of the minority within the participating group. Involvement in decision-making processes empowers affected communities and ensures ownership of decisions and resources, which leads to sustainable systems and, potentially, the resolution of conflicts. The participation of affected populations ensures responsive and effective laws and policies by taking into consideration the needs of the people. This is of special significance in protracted conflict situations, in post-conflict situations, in areas with a constant military presence and in areas under occupation. Informed participation can only be ensured when affected populations have the ability to seek and disseminate information affecting their health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Militarization refers to the taking over or use of health facilities and services by armed forces or law enforcement agencies for achieving military objectives. Such military use poses a serious risk to the life and health of patients and health-care workers and erodes the role and perception of hospitals as a safe space to access health care. The impartiality of medical facilities is often compromised by the constant presence of security forces in hospitals and intimidation of patients and health-care workers in hospitals and clinics. Hospitals and clinics are sometimes taken over by security forces in order to identify or arrest protestors injured in clashes with pro-Government forces. Those identified with protest-related injuries are often prevented from seeking emergency medical attention, removed from medical care, tortured or arrested (A/HRC/19/69, para. 63). Militarization of health care has also led to undesirable fallouts in respect of access to basic health care in some countries. Widespread fear of persecution leads civilians to avoid seeking treatment at health facilities and resort to treatment in unsafe conditions instead (ibid.). Such persecution violates the right to health of persons by impeding their access to quality health services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In principle, the current trend towards replacing firearms with “less lethal” incapacitating weapons is positive in that it promotes a differentiated use of force and aims to minimize harm. At the same time, the widespread availability of incapacitating weapons also tends to lower the threshold for the use of force and entails a significant risk of “overuse” in situations in which the desired purpose could reasonably have been achieved through less coercive, less dangerous and less harmful means. Moreover, although “less lethal” weapons are designed to incapacitate while avoiding lethal outcomes, they are also specifically designed to inflict pain or suffering as a means of repelling or otherwise coercing the targeted persons. For example, several bodies and specialized organizations have specifically highlighted the risk of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment associated with the extra-custodial use of electrical discharge weapons delivering electric shocks through projectiles (for example, tasers), or upon direct physical contact (for example, batons, shields or helmets).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Even if the use of force is necessary and proportionate in the immediate circumstances of a case, it may nonetheless be unlawful if it results from a failure to plan, organize and control operations so as to minimize harm, respect and preserve human life and avoid any excessive use of force.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- While the present report is focused on the extra-custodial use of force by State agents, its conclusions generally will also be relevant, mutatis mutandis, for non-physical forms of coercion and for ill-treatment committed by non-State actors. Owing to constraints of time and space, the Special Rapporteur intends to more systematically consider those issues in subsequent thematic reports. Moreover, in the present report the extra-custodial use of force under the law enforcement paradigm both in peacetime and in armed conflict is covered, but the use of force as a means of warfare under the hostilities paradigm is not examined. The terms “State agent” and “law enforcement official” will be used interchangeably to denote any person exercising, de jure or de facto, public authority on behalf of the State, whether of military or civilian status and whether appointed, elected, employed or contracted, including private security personnel. Finally, the implications of the extra-custodial use of force are examined in the present report under human rights law only, and not under potentially applicable international humanitarian law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
The role of digital access providers 2017, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Duration and geographical scope may vary, but shutdowns are generally disproportionate. Affected users are cut off from emergency services and health information, mobile banking and e-commerce, transportation, school classes, voting and election monitoring, reporting on major crises and events, and human rights investigations. Given the number of essential activities and services they affect, shutdowns restrict expression and interfere with other fundamental rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Strengthen national capacity for coordination and integrated planning, and ensure that both domestic and external resources are better consolidated to enable the State to target resources better and ensure the maximum use of available resources;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Such inequality tends to become even more aggravated during crises. With a decrease in budget and personal incomes, people are confronted with the need to prioritize among different human rights. Furthermore, in times of crisis there will be an even greater temptation for States and service providers to focus on those who are relatively easy to reach, and no efforts will be made to reach the most marginalized people living, for instance, in remote rural areas.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The provision of services and systems should be properly planned in a strategic manner, such that ongoing assessments of risks across the entire infrastructure are conducted. Services and systems must be appropriately financed for their full life cycle, including for operation, maintenance, repair and replacement. Technology must be appropriate for the given need and must also be appropriately maintained.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 70b
- Paragraph text
- [States contributing personnel to peacekeeping operations should:] Ensure that mandatory trainings for peacekeeping personnel include the prevention of trafficking, the identification of situations involving trafficking or risks of trafficking, and assistance to and protection of victims and potential victims, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69f
- Paragraph text
- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Establish monitoring and control mechanisms at labour sites with an effective complaint mechanism to enable workers to report instances of trafficking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 65e
- Paragraph text
- [United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations and humanitarian actors should:] Cooperate with Government and actors involved in the short- and long- term response to conflict, including with respect to the social integration of victims of trafficking in persons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In view of States' legal responsibility to identify, protect and assist trafficked persons in all circumstances, including in conflict and post-conflict situations, and to work to ensure that those responsible for violations of human rights and the laws of war are held accountable, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 75b
- Paragraph text
- [States contributing personnel to peacekeeping operations should:] Ensure that mandatory training for peacekeeping personnel includes the prevention of trafficking, the identification of situations involving trafficking or risks of trafficking and assistance to and protection of victims and potential victims, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 74f
- Paragraph text
- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Establish monitoring and control mechanisms at labour sites with an effective complaint mechanism to enable workers to report instances of trafficking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 70f
- Paragraph text
- [United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations and humanitarian actors should:] Cooperate with State and non-State actors involved in the short- and long-term response to conflict, including with respect to the social integration of victims of trafficking in persons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 70d
- Paragraph text
- [United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations and humanitarian actors should:] Include prevention of trafficking in persons as part of life-saving protection activities from the outset of a conflict/crisis;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 70b
- Paragraph text
- [United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations and humanitarian actors should:] Share and apply measures, methodologies and indicators to address trafficking in persons as early as possible and prevent such trafficking from the outset of a conflict/crisis;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations is not just a possible result, but rather a consequence of crisis and conflict on a regular basis, and it must therefore be seen and addressed as a systemic outcome of conflict. Conflict-related trafficking is rarely detected, however, and even less addressed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the obligations of due diligence of individual States when they participate in inter-State institutions such as the international financial institutions, inter-State organizations should also embed due diligence in their governance activities, including in procurement practices and particularly in post-conflict situations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- This focus area raises questions of the due diligence of States as well as, to a certain extent, of the direct obligations of non-State actors as far as the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is concerned. It should be recalled that, although non-State actors are not directly bound by human rights treaties, there are other treaty provisions prohibiting torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment that may be directly binding on them. Most notably, under international humanitarian law, both States and non-State actors are absolutely prohibited from resorting to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment for reasons related to an armed conflict. Moreover, any person resorting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment amounting to a war crime, a crime against humanity, or even genocide is subject to prosecution under international criminal law. Arguably, the universal prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment can also be based on a general principle of law, namely what the International Court of Justice referred to as "elementary considerations of humanity". According to article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, such general principles of law constitute an independent source of international law along with treaties and custom.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Many safeguards against coercive and abusive questioning techniques can be implemented with limited financial expenditure, in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. Where necessary, however, the protocol may identify additional approaches whereby States with limited material resources can guarantee effective and meaningful implementation and ensure adequate protection against abuses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, the sophisticated normative frameworks in place often do not translate into a reduction in practices of torture, ill-treatment or coercion during questioning, which are frequently used by State agents worldwide during law enforcement investigations of common and serious criminal offences, during military and intelligence operations and during armed conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe