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Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Attacks against journalists may be perpetrated by a range of actors - State or non-State - such as organized crime groups, terrorist groups, security forces or militia. Journalists are placed at risk of attack for documenting and disseminating information deemed to be "inconvenient," including on human rights violations, environmental issues, corruption, organized crime, drug trafficking, public crises, emergencies or public demonstrations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- A notable trend in 2011 was the increase in the number of attacks against journalists during coverage of street protests and demonstrations, such as arbitrary arrests and detention, verbal and physical attacks, confiscation or destruction of equipment, as well as killings in countries such as Angola, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malawi, Maldives, Russian Federation, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia and Yemen.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In many countries, domestic funding is very limited or non-existent, leading associations to rely on foreign assistance to conduct their activities. The Special Rapporteur echoes the recommendations put forward by the then Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights defenders who affirmed that "governments must allow access by NGOs to foreign funding as a part of international cooperation, to which civil society is entitled to the same extent as Governments" (A/59/401, para. 82), He believes that the same principle should apply to any associations regardless of the goals, in line with international law, they pursue. He considers as best practice legislation that does not prescribe the approval of the authorities before receiving domestic and foreign funding (e.g. Lebanon, Morocco and the United States). The barriers to foreign funding range from undue delay in approval for funding an association's project (e.g. Bangladesh) to the requirement of obtaining a prior authorization from the authorities. Some legislation even prohibits human rights associations from receiving more than 10 per cent of their overall resources from foreign sources. In Ethiopia where this legislation is in place, out of the 127 associations advocating for human rights active before the 2009 Charities and Societies Proclamation entered into force, very few reportedly still operate.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Authorities must also respect the right of associations to privacy as stipulated in article 17 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In this connection, authorities should not be entitled to: condition any decisions and activities of the association; reverse the election of board members; condition the validity of board members' decisions on the presence of a Government representative at the board meeting or request that an internal decision be withdrawn; request associations to submit annual reports in advance; and enter an association's premises without advance notice. The Special Rapporteur recognizes the right of independent bodies to examine the associations' records as a mechanism to ensure transparency and accountability, but such a procedure should not be arbitrary and must respect the principle of non-discrimination and the right to privacy as it would otherwise put the independence of associations and the safety of their members at risk. As a best practice, the decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights found that the right to freedom of association had been violated when the Government of Nigeria provided the Nigerian Bar Association with a new governing body and laid down that 97 of the 128 members constituting this body would be appointed by the Government (report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, A/64/226, para. 34).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Cultural fundamentalist and nationalist groups may express these ideologies through protests and rallies. One example is the group Patriotic Europeans against the Islamization of the West (Pegida), in Germany, which believes that State immigration policies are enabling erosion of the culture of Germany. Rallies by such nationalist groups often attract counter-demonstrators who assemble in support of tolerance and diversity, and the management of such assemblies and counter-assemblies is of concern. Opposing assemblies are likely to provoke tensions that increase the potential for violence and therefore also increase the need for even-handed management and facilitation by law enforcement officials. In relation to assemblies in the United Kingdom by the English Defence League, which opposes perceived Islamism, the police have been criticized for employing tactics that dissuaded would-be counter-demonstrators from participating in assemblies. This has led to a perception of bias against the Muslim community, because members of the English Defence League were not subject to similar restrictions. The Special Rapporteur stresses that State handling of demonstrations and counter-demonstrations in these contexts should ensure that each group can exercise its rights without undue interference by the authorities or by opposing rally participants (see A/HRC/31/66, para. 24).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- In Brazil, the National Programme for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, developed by the National Special Secretariat for Human Rights (which has a ministerial status), was officially launched on 26 October 2004. The Brazilian states are in charge of its execution, under the coordination of a national steering committee at the federal level. Protection measures include police protection and a database to register defenders at risk.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- A number of human rights violations against human rights defenders are committed by private corporations, a category that should be understood as consisting of companies, whether national or transnational, not owned or operated by Governments. Private corporations have allegedly been impeding the activities of defenders working, inter alia, on labour rights, the exploitation of natural resources, the rights of indigenous peoples and minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The South Caucasus Network of Human Rights Defenders, which unites 30 human rights NGOs in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, was set up in July 2009. The network seeks to facilitate the creation of a safer and enabling environment for human rights defenders in the South Caucasus, and strengthen their voices in the region and internationally. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the creation of the network and looks forward to engaging with it constructively.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Between 11 December 2008 and 10 December 2009, the Special Rapporteur sent 266 communications to States in relation to the situation of human rights defenders. The information received from various sources and the activities carried out during this year have confirmed the continuous insecurity faced by human rights defenders. The worrying trends identified below call for urgent and effective solutions by not only States, but also defenders themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The right to an effective remedy also implies an effective access to justice, which should be understood as not only judicial but also administrative or quasi-judicial mechanisms. Investigation and prosecution should rest on an effective and independent judiciary. Unfortunately, in many instances, weaknesses in the judicial system and flaws in the legal framework have deprived defenders of adequate tools for seeking and obtaining justice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders in Africa, set forth by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, includes seeking, receiving, examining and acting upon information on the situation of human rights defenders in Africa. The Special Rapporteur also submits reports to the African Commission at every ordinary session and develops and recommends effective strategies to better protect human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, many excellent protection tools, such as the Front Line Protection Handbook for Human Rights Defenders, have been developed by NGOs and NGO coalitions. Many NGOs have also developed security training. The Special Rapporteur calls upon human rights defenders to liaise with these NGOs and attend and organize training sessions. She also encourages wider dissemination of these tools among the community of human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- This attention to the situation of women human rights defenders was further mandated by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 7/8 in which, when renewing the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a further three years, it requested that the Special Rapporteur "integrate a gender perspective throughout the work of his/her mandate, paying particular attention to the situation of women human rights defenders".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- Between December 2006 and 31 May 2011, the Special Rapporteur sent 60 communications related to violations against youth and student defenders. In 34 of the cases reported, the victims were male. In 12 instances, the victims were female. Nine cases concerned victims of both sexes, while in six cases the sex of the victim(s) was not mentioned.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In the development of the law establishing the Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission, which was yet to be adopted at the time this report was finalized, it was emphasized that its independence would be strengthened if it was empowered to recruit its own staff and that there should be no civil service secondment at senior level to the body.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur refers to the joint statement of 15 March 2012 by the Rapporteurs on Human Rights Defenders from the United Nations, the African Commission on Human and People's Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on reprisals against individuals and groups seeking to cooperate with those three institutions. He welcomes the determined stance of the President of the Human Rights Council in calling on States to combat this phenomenon.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Information provided indicates that, in a number of countries, working groups on the implementation of the European Union (EU) Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders have been established, with a view to developing a local implementation strategy. Women defenders and those working on women's rights or gender issues at risk could have recourse to various means of support provided by different stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that national institutions which operate in compliance with the Paris Principles and their members and staff, can be considered as human rights defenders. She is aware that they face important challenges and are exposed to attacks, threats, intimidation and harassment in connection to their human rights activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- For that reason, he is starting his mandate with a series of regional consultations, during which he intends to meet defenders and analyze together with them the national and regional trends, the threats against certain specific groups, the reprisals taken against them and the methods of protection developed in recent years, in order to evaluate their relevance and perhaps have them developed further on a case-by-case basis or more systematically.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The right to protest is an essential element of the right to participation in a democratic society and restrictions imposed on this right must be closely examined regarding their necessity and reasonableness. Restrictions may be imposed on public demonstrations, providing their purpose is to protect national security or public safety, public order, the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In the Middle East and North African region, the 13 communications sent indicate that women's rights defenders in Iraq face risks such as killings, death threats, and armed attacks. By contrast, activists for women's rights in Bahrain, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates reported harassment of a more judicial nature, such as arrests, violations of freedom of assembly, and travel bans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- With this report, the Special Rapporteur intends to highlight the vital role played by national institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and provide recommendations, in particular to States and national institutions, with a view to ensuring that these institutions operate in an environment that is conducive for them to carry out their activities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has argued on previous occasions (A/HRC/13/22, paras. 67 and 68) that one of the most important efforts to protect human rights defenders is measures taken by defenders themselves. This includes individual security measures related to their work and personal life, as well as organizing themselves in networks with other defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Journalists and media workers have also been attacked when their activities include investigations of abuses by powerful non-State actors, such as organized crime (Italy, Mexico) and oil interest groups (Nigeria). Others have also been targeted as a consequence of monitoring preparations for landmark events, such as the Olympic Games (China).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Role of national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights and as protectors of human rights defenders 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur and her predecessor have expressed concerns about the challenges faced by members and staff of national institutions on a number of occasions. In connection with the country visit to Guatemala in 2008, the issue of members and staff of national institutions often being the victims of threats or attacks was raised in the report.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- All stakeholders, to some degree or other, have a specific responsibility in the process of following-up on communications and files. This is above all a responsibility of governments, since they hold the primary responsibility for heading off human rights violations and threats and attacks against defenders. Further, they also have the responsibility of combating impunity and bringing to justice those responsible for rights infringements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur shares civil society observations that other common characteristics of the killings include the overall impunity with which the perpetrators of these crimes can act and the woefully lacking or ineffective protection measures available for environmental human rights defenders at risk. In almost every affected Latin American country, government and corporate actors are involved in the murders of environmental human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Good practices in the protection of human rights defenders 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is convinced that effective protection of defenders ultimately starts with their identification, and self-identification, as "human rights defenders". Without being perceived by others or perceiving themselves as such, they may not be aware of their rights as defenders, not seek support from peer or support networks and may not receive protection from the State, civil society and the international community.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, the communications sent by the mandate during the 2004-2009 period concerning this group of defenders are analysed below. Figures provided in the different sections are the result of a multilayered analysis which has unfolded different elements of the communications sent, including the activities of the alleged victims, the reported violations suffered as well as the alleged perpetrators.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Large-scale development project and human rights defenders 2013, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is dismayed by the reports she has received during the preparation of the present report indicating that relevant information is seldom made available to human rights defenders and local communities who request it. The Special Rapporteur observes that defenders and those affected respond by approaching private companies directly, because they find the assistance of the State inadequate or non-existent.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe