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Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1948
Paragraphe
Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Art. 14. In time of peace, the High Contracting Parties and, after the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties thereto, may establish in their own territory and, if the need arises, in occupied areas, hospital and safety zones and localities so organized as to protect from the effects of war, wounded, sick and aged persons, children under fifteen, expectant mothers and mothers of children under seven. Upon the outbreak and during the course of hostilities, the Parties concerned may conclude agreements on mutual recognition of the zones and localities they have created. They may for this purpose implement the provisions of the Draft Agreement annexed to the present Convention, with such amendments as they may consider necessary. The Protecting Powers and the International Committee of the Red Cross are invited to lend their good offices in order to facilitate the institution and recognition of these hospital and safety zones and localities.
- Organe
- International Committee of the Red Cross
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1949
Paragraphe
Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Art. 132. Each interned person shall be released by the Detaining Power as soon as the reasons which necessitated his internment no longer exist. The Parties to the conflict shall, moreover, endeavour during the course of hostilities, to conclude agreements for the release, the repatriation, the return to places of residence or the accommodation in a neutral country of certain classes of internees, in particular children, pregnant women and mothers with infants and young children, wounded and sick, and internees who have been detained for a long time.
- Organe
- International Committee of the Red Cross
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1949
Paragraphe
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. If, under the law of a Contracting State, a child born out of wedlock loses the nationality of that State in consequence of a recognition of affiliation, he shall be given an opportunity to recover that nationality by written application to the appropriate authority, and the conditions governing such application shall not be more rigorous than those laid down in paragraph 2 of article 1 of this Convention.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1961
Paragraphe
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 (b) and 2 of this article, a child born in wedlock in the territory of a Contracting State, whose mother has the nationality of that State, shall acquire at birth that nationality if it otherwise would be stateless.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1961
Paragraphe
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, para. 1b
- Paragraph text
- 1. A Contracting State shall grant its nationality to a person, not born in the territory of a Contracting State, who would otherwise be stateless, if the nationality of one of his parents at the time of the person's birth was that of that State. If his parents did not possess the same nationality at the time of his birth, the question whether the nationality of the person concerned should follow that of the father or that of the mother shall be determined by the national law of such Contracting State. Nationality granted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shall be granted: (b) Upon an application being lodged with the appropriate authority, by or on behalf of the person concerned, in the manner prescribed by the national law. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, no such application may be rejected.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1961
Paragraphe
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961, para. 1a
- Paragraph text
- 1. A Contracting State shall grant its nationality to a person, not born in the territory of a Contracting State, who would otherwise be stateless, if the nationality of one of his parents at the time of the person's birth was that of that State. If his parents did not possess the same nationality at the time of his birth, the question whether the nationality of the person concerned should follow that of the father or that of the mother shall be determined by the national law of such Contracting State. Nationality granted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shall be granted: (a) At birth, by operation of law, or
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1961
Paragraphe
ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, para. 2a
- Paragraph text
- [2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for:] (a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1966
Paragraphe
ICCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. Every child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have a name.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1966
Paragraphe
Article 6: The right to life 1982, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, the Committee has noted that the right to life has been too often narrowly interpreted. The expression “inherent right to life” cannot properly be understood in a restrictive manner, and the protection of this right requires that States adopt positive measures. In this connection, the Committee considers that it would be desirable for States parties to take all possible measures to reduce infant mortality and to increase life expectancy, especially in adopting measures to eliminate malnutrition and epidemics.
- Organe
- Human Rights Committee
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 1982
Paragraphe
Reporting by States Parties 1989, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- A fifth objective is to provide a basis on which the State party itself, as well as the Committee, can effectively evaluate the extent to which progress has been made towards the realization of the obligations contained in the Covenant. For this purpose, it may be useful for States to identify specific benchmarks or goals against which their performance in a given area can be assessed. Thus, for example, it is generally agreed that it is important to set specific goals with respect to the reduction of infant mortality, the extent of vaccination of children, the intake of calories per person, the number of persons per health care provider, etc. In many of these areas, global benchmarks are of limited use, whereas national or other more specific benchmarks can provide an extremely valuable indication of progress.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1989
Paragraphe
Article 24: Rights of the child 1989, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Under article 24, paragraph 2, every child has the right to be registered immediately after birth and to have a name. In the Committee's opinion, this provision should be interpreted as being closely linked to the provision concerning the right to special measures of protection and it is designed to promote recognition of the child's legal personality. Providing for the right to have a name is of special importance in the case of children born out of wedlock. The main purpose of the obligation to register children after birth is to reduce the danger of abduction, sale of or traffic in children, or of other types of treatment that are incompatible with the enjoyment of the rights provided for in the Covenant. Reports by States parties should indicate in detail the measures that ensure the immediate registration of children born in their territory.
- Organe
- Human Rights Committee
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 1989
Paragraphe
Article 24: Rights of the child 1989, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The Covenant requires that children should be protected against discrimination on any grounds such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, national or social origin, property or birth. In this connection, the Committee notes that, whereas non discrimination in the enjoyment of the rights provided for in the Covenant also stems, in the case of children, from article 2 and their equality before the law from article 26, the non discrimination clause contained in article 24 relates specifically to the measures of protection referred to in that provision. Reports by States parties should indicate how legislation and practice ensure that measures of protection are aimed at removing all discrimination in every field, including inheritance, particularly as between children who are nationals and children who are aliens or as between legitimate children and children born out of wedlock.
- Organe
- Human Rights Committee
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1989
Paragraphe
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, para. 2a
- Paragraph text
- [2. States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures:] (a) To diminish infant and child mortality;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1989
Paragraphe
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, para. 2d
- Paragraph text
- [2. States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures:] (d) To ensure appropriate pre-natal and post-natal health care for mothers;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1989
Paragraphe
The nature of States parties’ obligations 1990, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The means which should be used in order to satisfy the obligation to take steps are stated in article 2 (1) to be "all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures". The Committee recognizes that in many instances legislation is highly desirable and in some cases may even be indispensable. For example, it may be difficult to combat discrimination effectively in the absence of a sound legislative foundation for the necessary measures. In fields such as health, the protection of children and mothers, and education, as well as in respect of the matters dealt with in articles 6 to 9, legislation may also be an indispensable element for many purposes.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1f
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: the essential aim of the penitentiary system will be the reformation, integration of the mother to the family and social rehabilitation.
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1b
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: establish and promote measures alternative to institutional confinement for the treatment of such mothers;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1a
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: ensure that a non-custodial sentence will always be first considered when sentencing such mothers;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1d
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: ensure that a mother shall not be imprisoned with her child;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1c
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: establish special alternative institutions for holding such mothers;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 1e
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to provide special treatment to expectant mothers and to mothers of infants and young children who have been accused or found guilty of infringing the penal law and shall in particular: ensure that a death sentence shall not be imposed on such mothers;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2a
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures: to reduce infant and child mortality rate;
- Organe
- Organization of African Unity
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
Female circumcision 1990, para. (b)
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends to States parties:] That States parties include in their national health policies appropriate strategies aimed at eradicating female circumcision in public health care. Such strategies could include the special responsibility of health personnel including traditional birth attendants to explain the harmful effects of female circumcision;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. c
- Paragraph text
- For the purpose of the present Convention: c) "Unlawful purpose" includes, among others, prostitution, sexual exploitation, servitude or any other purpose unlawful in either the State of the minor's habitual residence or the State Party where the minor is located.
- Organe
- Organization of American States
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 1.12
- Paragraph text
- The present Programme of Action recommends to the international community a set of important population and development objectives, as well as qualitative and quantitative goals that are mutually supportive and of critical importance to these objectives. Among these objectives and goals are: sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development; education, especially for girls; gender equity and equality; infant, child and maternal mortality reduction; and the provision of universal access to reproductive health services, including family planning and sexual health.
- Organe
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.12
- Paragraph text
- Important progress has been made in reducing infant and child mortality rates everywhere. Improvements in the survival of children have been the main component of the overall increase in average life expectancy in the world over the past century, first in the developed countries and over the past 50 years in the developing countries. The number of infant deaths (i.e., of children under age 1) per 1,000 live births at the world level declined from 92 in 1970-1975 to about 62 in 1990-1995. For developed regions, the decline was from 22 to 12 infant deaths per 1,000 births, and for developing countries from 105 to 69 infant deaths per 1,000 births. Improvements have been slower in sub-Saharan Africa and in some Asian countries where, during 1990-1995, more than one in every 10 children born alive will die before their first birthday. The mortality of children under age 5 exhibits significant variations between and within regions and countries. Indigenous people generally have higher infant and child mortality rates than the national norm. Poverty, malnutrition, a decline in breast-feeding, and inadequacy or lack of sanitation and of health facilities are all factors associated with high infant and child mortality. In some countries, civil unrest and wars have also had major negative impacts on child survival. Unwanted births, child neglect and abuse are also factors contributing to the rise in child mortality. In addition, HIV infection can be transmitted from mother to child before or during childbirth, and young children whose mothers die are at a very high risk of dying themselves at a young age.
- Organe
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.9
- Paragraph text
- Through technology transfer, developing countries should be assisted in building their capacity to produce generic drugs for the domestic market and to ensure the wide availability and accessibility of such drugs. To meet the substantial increase in demand for vaccines, antibiotics and other commodities over the next decade and beyond, the international community should strengthen global, regional and local mechanisms for the production, quality control and procurement of those items, where feasible, in developing countries. The international community should facilitate regional cooperation in the manufacture, quality control and distribution of vaccines.
- Organe
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Persons with Disabilities 1994, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- According to the Standard Rules, "States should ensure that persons with disabilities, particularly infants and children, are provided with the same level of medical care within the same system as other members of society". The right to physical and mental health also implies the right to have access to, and to benefit from, those medical and social services including orthopaedic devices which enable persons with disabilities to become independent, prevent further disabilities and support their social integration. Similarly, such persons should be provided with rehabilitation services which would enable them "to reach and sustain their optimum level of independence and functioning". All such services should be provided in such a way that the persons concerned are able to maintain full respect for their rights and dignity.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. b
- Paragraph text
- This Convention shall apply to any minor who is habitually resident in a State Party or is located in a State Party at the time when an act of international traffic occurs in respect of him or her. For the purpose of the present Convention: b) "International traffic in minors" means the abduction, removal or retention, or attempted abduction, removal or retention, of a minor for unlawful purposes or by unlawful means.
- Organe
- Organization of American States
- Type de document
- Regional treaty
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe