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Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Inadequate public transportation and inadequate school facilities can be determinant factors in excluding students from the education system. Persons living in poverty are particularly affected; the concentration of communities living in poverty in remote areas or in areas that are poorly served by transportation is a key factor limiting their access to education institutions. This is particularly acute in rural areas where schools are not present. These obstacles are commonly addressed through support for transportation of students, and by bringing schools closer to communities, often through improvements in transport infrastructure and the construction and expansion of education establishments in poorly served locations. Strategies also include the establishment of boarding schools.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Poverty
- Année
- 2011
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Groups in need of attention, limitations to the right to freedom of expression, and protection of journalists 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The right to freedom of opinion and expression includes the freedom for minority and excluded groups to give, receive and transmit information. Community-based media are effective ways to accomplish that, and it is the duty of Governments to assist and support them in doing so and to ensure equitable access. The Special Rapporteur reiterates the call to Governments, made in paragraph 3 of the relevant section of the Colombo Declaration, to "develop national policies that address access to, and participation in, information and communication for people living in poverty, including access to licenses and fair spectrum allocation".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Similar lessons can be learnt from post-disaster situations. Disasters occur in a social context framed by complex issues of power, politics and longstanding vulnerability and poverty, including widespread tenure insecurity. Understanding this complexity is fundamental to developing and implementing successful responses. This is illustrated in the case of Hurricane Mitch in Honduras in October 1998. According to official estimates Hurricane Mitch left 21 cities severely damaged, 82,735 houses damaged, 66,188 houses destroyed and 44,150 people homeless. In addition 123 health centres and 531 roads were damaged and eight health centres and 189 bridges were destroyed. As a result, an estimated 1.5 million people were negatively affected.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Année
- 2011
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- In her previous report (A/67/286, paras. 10-13), the Special Rapporteur highlighted how the deregulation, liberalization and globalization of housing finance have had major implications for housing and urban development, eventually leading to the global affordability and housing crisis we are witnessing today. Housing costs are disproportionately affecting the poor and in Europe represent an average of 41 per cent of the income of people at risk of poverty. The affordability crisis is compounded by the erosion, neglect and liberalization of non-market mechanisms for allocating housing resources, such as rental housing (public and private) and different forms of cooperative and collective ownership, among others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- However, during the past two decades new mortgage products were designed specifically for borrowers with low incomes or poor credit history who were not eligible for regular mortgage finance, generating sub-prime loans. Although those lending policies were intended to enable access to credit for low-income households, they are extremely discriminatory: the poorer the credit taker, the higher the interest he/she has to pay. High-interest loans led to ever-increasing household indebtedness, economic insecurity, mortgage arrears and repossession rates. Poor households were forced to reduce expenditure on other essential needs, like food or medicines, in order to meet their housing debt.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Until the 1980s, slum dwellers and the urban poor had not been a target for financial services. However, in the 1980s private financial investors came to regard the poor as "bankable", and in the past 10 years, a growing number of housing microfinance programmes emerged offering loans to low-income households. Housing microfinance loans are much smaller than mortgages, are typically granted for shorter terms and are used mainly to finance progressive improvements to housing (for example, building sanitary amenities) and expansions to an existing dwelling.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Reflection on work undertaken in first 14 years of the mandate; outline of opportunities and priorities 2014, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In coordination with relevant mandate holders, the Special Rapporteur wishes to take up the problem of laws that criminalize homelessness or activities associated with homelessness, such as sleeping in public places, and to consider the discriminatory attitudes and perceptions that often lie behind such laws. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur will explore in some depth the stigmatization and discrimination often suffered by the homeless or those with other housing status (for example, "squatters", "slum dwellers" and "public/social housing tenants"), and will build upon the previous work of mandate holders, including the report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on the penalization of people living in poverty (A/66/265) and the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation on stigma and the realization of the right to safe drinking water and sanitation (A/HRC/21/42).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In addition to public and non-market rental options, States should promote private rental for the urban poor, including through policies to expand rental-housing stock. Such policies include tax incentives to owners, guarantees or insurance schemes against non-payment of rent, and the provision of grants or low-interest loans to landlords to improve dilapidated housing units on the condition that they rent to low-income tenants. A Government incentive programme in New Jersey, United States of America, for example, provides grants to landlords to provide safe, suitable and affordable housing for low and moderate-income residents. In Slovakia, subsidies are provided for the construction of rental apartments for low-income groups, including for socially excluded Roma communities. Housing allowances for low-income tenants should also be considered.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Audits of unused land and housing and assessments of housing needs. An audit of unused and underutilized land, housing and buildings, both public and private, should be conducted concurrently with an assessment of the housing needs of the urban poor, including homeless persons, with the objective of matching availability with spatial needs. The assessment of current and anticipated housing needs should take into account patterns of urbanization and trends in migration, population growth and ageing. In South Africa, for example, the City of Cape Town was ordered by the High Court to conduct an audit of unused land plots to accommodate people facing eviction.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Measures to regulate financial markets and institutions. The deregulation of financial markets, along with policies prioritizing homeownership, has had adverse impacts on many urban-poor households. Sub-prime loans, payment defaults and foreclosures have led to tenure insecurity and evictions in several countries. Often, financial institutions, including microcredit institutions, charge higher interest rates to the poor to mitigate the heightened risk of default. In some cases, lenders have aggressively targeted low-income households for loans with exploitative terms, without explaining the terms and conditions, and ignoring their ability to repay. States should prohibit predatory lending practices and adopt regulations to ensure that mortgage payments are commensurate with income levels and do not compromise the satisfaction of other basic needs. Regulations should also mandate the full disclosure and communication of loan terms to applicants in accessible formats and languages.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Financialized housing markets create and thrive on gentrification and the appropriation of public value for private wealth. Improved services, schools or parks in an impoverished neighbourhood attract investment, which then drives residents out. The transformation of an old railway line in West Chelsea in Manhattan into a public walkway and park has attracted wealthy investors to a mixed income neighbourhood, radically transforming it with luxury housing units costing in the multimillions, and displacing longer term residents. In Vancouver, the opening of new public transport facilities in Burnaby, one of the few remaining areas of affordable rental housing, has quickly led to the development of expensive condominium towers, displacing residents who have not only lived there for decades, but also invested in developing their community.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- In addition, narrow rules relating to legal standing prevent civil society organizations from taking a more direct role in litigation, or engaging in judicial proceedings on behalf or in support of persons living in poverty and other vulnerable groups (with their permission), who may lack the resources or capacity to do so themselves. For example, in 10 European Union member States, the domestic rules on legal standing are considered overly restrictive and therefore represent a major obstacle to the right to access justice. In those States, individuals cannot bring a claim to court unless they have full legal capacity (which often excludes those with certain disabilities) and are directly concerned in the matter.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The right to participation is strongly linked with empowerment, which is a key human rights goal and principle. Effective participation can build capacity and rights awareness. It allows those living in poverty to see themselves as full members of society and autonomous agents rather than subjects of decisions taken by others who see them as objects of assistance or mere statistics. As stated by a Peruvian activist, "[f]or us, participating means leaving our isolation, breaking our silence and overcoming our fear… Before I was afraid, but now I'm strong, not humbled". It can also provide people living in poverty with the chance to speak out against and challenge injustice, discrimination and stigma. It can give them confidence in dealing with government officials and bureaucracy. Indeed, exercising their right to participation can be a springboard to fully claiming other rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The format and level of formality of the meeting must not be alienating or difficult to negotiate for people living in poverty. Organizers must allow sufficient time for participants to debate and seek consensus or common positions from which to develop representative and legitimate messages. The methodology of the process must not rely wholly on written materials, as this would exclude those who are illiterate or have poor reading skills. Instead, more inclusive and accessible methodologies should be used, including different media such as pictograms or theatre. Accessibility and adaptability requires that meetings should be conducted in the minority language appropriate to the community where necessary; if this is not possible, well-trained interpreters must be provided.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Many fish are also rich in micronutrients, especially the smaller fish that are accessible to people living in poverty. The consumption of fish therefore not only helps to combat hunger, but also can address hidden hunger, or micronutrient deficiency. In addition, the seasonal availability of fish in rural communities is often different from crops, meaning that fish can help to reduce seasonal vulnerability.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Housing finance policies based on credit are inherently discriminatory against lower-income households, and at their best increase housing affordability for upper- and middle-income groups. Housing finance policies often "redline" the poor, who are required to pay much higher prices for financial services, exposing them to financial risks inherent to global financial markets and indebtedness.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Despite a number of good initiatives that seek to address Roma disadvantage, Roma communities worldwide still face situations of extreme poverty and marginalization across a wide range of human rights indicators. In Europe, Roma still experience heightened levels of disadvantage and marginalization. Outside Europe, the Special Rapporteur regrets that very little has been done to acknowledge the disadvantage experienced by Roma and few policies have been developed to address those concerns.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Année
- 2015
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The post-Hurricane Mitch period also saw development in the legal framework related to land and housing issues, though the judicial system remained weak and so the potential benefits of the new legislation remained inaccessible to the poor. Missing from the current strategy in Honduras is a comprehensive programme to increase the supply of urbanized land and improve tenure security for the poor and the marginalized.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2011
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Persons living in poverty are often deprived from a young age of the opportunity to acquire the tools, social capital and basic legal knowledge necessary to engage with the justice system. They are unaware of the existence and contents of their legal rights and entitlements, of the State's obligations and duties towards them, and of how to secure the assistance they need. This is especially the case for those who experience discrimination in accessing education on grounds such as ethnicity, gender or disability.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Transferring and redistributing wealth through taxation has the potential to redress systemic discrimination (based on, inter alia, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic status) and to spur progress towards substantive equality. These are fundamental human rights goals and are conducive to sustainable poverty reduction. Tax structures must, however, be carefully designed if a more equitable distribution of incomes is to be achieved.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Such costs often have a significant and disproportionate impact on the poor, who pay a considerably larger portion of their total income on health. In turn, they drive many households into poverty or deepen the poverty of those already poor. Such fees could bar those without the means to pay from receiving needed care, as well as discourage people from seeking care in the first place.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Poverty
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The sections below provide a review of alternative housing policies for the urban poor that have been largely ignored by States in recent years - rental arrangements and collective and tenure - while analysing their compatibility with the promotion of the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Informal settlements are self-made, spontaneous, self-managed and unplanned settlement and housing arrangements, initiated by urban poor themselves. They are generally characterized by precarious infrastructure and housing conditions. The term informal settlement has become common, but many other terms are used, such as "slums", "bidonvilles" and "favelas", among others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In Yemen, the Muhamasheen ("marginalized ones"), also known as Al Akhdam, constitute a minority group subjected to descent-based discrimination. There are no official data, but unofficial sources estimate their number at between 500,000 and 3.5 million. Their occupational roles include garbage collection, street sweeping and cleaning toilets and drains. They suffer from social stigma and discrimination, which exacerbate their socioeconomic exclusion and poverty.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The background and daily experience of justice sector staff, especially judges, are often very different from those of persons living in poverty, and this often means that, without proper training and sensitization, they do not understand and value their views, choices, behaviours or problems. Persons living in poverty may be denied access to impartial justice owing to negative stigma and stereotyping from judges, prosecutors and police.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Although research indicates that in 2008-2009, governments managed to maintain social spending and offset the effects of the crisis on the most vulnerable, since 2010, the trend has been reversed. Increased fiscal austerity has led to significant cuts in social spending, including family benefits, pensions and delivery of social services, resulting in negative effects for households.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- An analogy can be drawn from the positive correlation found between witch-hunting and poverty. In his study of the phenomenon of witch killings, Edward Miguel uses rainfall variation to estimate the impact of income shocks on murders in rural areas of the United Republic of Tanzania. He noted that rainfall extremes (drought or flood) led to an income drop, and linked that information to data on witch killings in the villages. While undesirable levels of rainfall led to a large increase in the number of murders of "witches", it had no impact on the number of other types of murder. He concluded that income drops caused by undesirable levels of rain and related economic hardship are key factors in the killings of so-called witches. A similar correlation was established in a study by Emily Oster which focused on the Renaissance period in Europe. She noted that one of the sharpest drops in temperature, which negatively impacted economic growth, coincided with the reinvigoration of witchcraft trials. Both studies highlight the link between poverty or income reduction and reliance on supernatural beliefs, including witchcraft, for explaining the misfortune.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 8.8 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday in 2008;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 148 million under-fives in developing regions are underweight for their age;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
29 Listé sur un total de 29 Entités