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Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 28

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In general, food and nutrition security policies continue to treat women primarily as mothers, focusing on the nutrition of infants and young children or pregnant women, rather than addressing constraints on women’s economic and social participation. Teenage mothers, women without children and women of post-reproductive age with specific nutritional needs are generally not considered within those policies, and this must change
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Adolescents
  • Children
  • Infants
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 46

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Moreover, agricultural labour is one of the most dangerous sectors in which to work, particularly for women. It is physically demanding and safety standards are often low or non-existent, and protective equipment and clothing are often designed with men in mind. Women are also most often engaged on a piecework basis, which motivates them to put their health at risk to complete as much work as possible. In Guatemala, allegations of serious breaches of this kind were received by the UN Country Office in 2014, referring to the widespread practice of tying wages to productivity goals, which in turn affected women proportionally more, as they were often forced to work in an unrecognized manner, helping the men reach those goals. Women agricultural workers also face rights violations related to their reproductive roles. Exposure to certain chemicals used in agriculture can cause spontaneous abortions, premature births and affect child and infant development through exposure to toxic chemicals in utero and also by way of breastmilk. As a result of discriminatory hiring practices, women often hide their pregnancies and employers often hire women on short-term contracts in order to avoid paying maternity benefits.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The right to an adequate diet: the agriculture-food-health nexus 2012, para. 14

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In addition to encouraging Governments to adopt national plans to scale up nutrition in their various sectoral policies, SUN includes the establishment of partnerships linking business, civil society and Government to foster scaling up nutrition through nutrition-sensitive interventions along the value chain at the country level. Private-sector interventions include the production of fortified food products, the promotion of nutritionally healthy behaviour, the shaping of work environments allowing women to ensure good nutrition for themselves and their children, ensuring that lower-income groups can access nutritionally valuable products, and building local capacity through the transfer of knowledge and technology. Some of these partnerships are supported by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN). A public-private partnership, GAIN was launched at the 2002 special session of the General Assembly on children. It has since established links with 600 companies across 36 large projects in more than 25 countries to improve access to missing micronutrients in diets. According to GAIN promoters, it reaches nearly 400 million people with nutritionally enhanced food products.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Women
Year
2012
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 95

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Agroecological farming can help secure livelihoods for smallholder farmers and those living in poverty, including women, because there is no heavy reliance on expensive external inputs. If properly managed, biodiversity and efficient use of resources can enable smallholder farms to be more productive per hectare than large industrial farms (A/HRC/16/49).
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Poverty
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2017
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90h

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Promote accelerated efforts in terms of financial aid, in order to ensure that gender equality is mainstreamed throughout all climate change programs in all sectors.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90f

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure gender mainstreaming in all adaptation and mitigation responses to climate change and encourage policy-makers to work with both women and men taking their views into consideration at all levels.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90e

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure that women fishers, and livestock owners have equal access to State sponsored benefits, facilities and services.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90d

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure a sound policy and enabling environment to address the gender gap in agriculture, including the provision of training for women and ensure that their specific needs are taken into account.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90c

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Develop comprehensive measures to tackle discrimination and violence in the workplace and ensure implementation of these measures at the domestic level.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90b

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[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure investment in basic social protection, services and infrastructure, including health care and the provision of childcare services, which can allow women to participate in paid work.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 73

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More needs to be done to improve opportunities for women to participate in the green economy, notably through ensuring that women benefit equally from employment opportunities arising from development projects focusing on clean technology and renewable energy.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 72

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Despite women's role in collecting biofuels for household use, women are often excluded from energy plans and policies because energy is associated with electricity and fossil fuels and is therefore considered to be within men's domain.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 70

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Crop failure caused by slow-onset disasters such as land degradation and drought has resulted in the increase of men's out-migration in developing world. Women are often left behind to struggle to feed their families to take on men's traditional roles and responsibilities. This increases women's work, but does not grant women equal access to financial, technological, and social resources to lessen the burden.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 67

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The impact of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss on common property resources threatens household food security and livelihoods. Women who lack land tenure depend on common resources, for subsistence. This decreases the time available for food production and preparation, and threatens women's safety, with consequences for household food security and nutritional well-being.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 65

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In Central America and the Caribbean, women assume leadership roles in food distribution during emergencies, yet emergency decision-making processes after disasters often exclude women. Women's limited participation restricts their engagement in political decisions that impact their specific needs and vulnerabilities, and relief workers often view women as victims rather than potential agents of change, thus reinforcing gender inequalities.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Humanitarian
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 64

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Climate change itself intensifies psychological stress associated with disasters, increasing women's risks of situations of violence, sexual harassment and trafficking. Some women are forced into prostitution and research has shown increased HIV prevalence in drought-ridden areas of rural Africa.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 61

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However, the system still needs to incorporate a human rights approach, including participatory monitoring systems to evaluate standards as well as mechanisms to seek remedy for violations of human rights, particularly for women. A human rights approach emphasizes local self-determination that frustrated by externally imposed ownership and promotes control over critical and traditional local resources like water, land, and biodiversity.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 58

Paragraph text
Women have multiple responsibilities as heads of households, caregivers, and subsistence farmers, and balancing these roles is increasingly challenging in the face of climate change. Women also participate in a wide range of activities that support sustainable agricultural development, such as soil and water conservation, agro-ecology, afforestation and crop domestication and are vital to adaptation and mitigation policies.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 57

Paragraph text
It is widely acknowledged that climate change impacts are not gender-neutral. As already marginalized individuals in virtually every society, women face discrimination and are subject to human rights abuses at a disproportionate rate, further accelerated by climate change.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 55

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In the absence of additional support for care work at home, women dependents - children and the elderly - may be further disadvantaged by women working outside the home to earn an income. Daughters, for example, may dropped off from school to fill the care gap. Clearly, this speaks to the discrimination of women in participation in the labour market, if care work remains the main or sole responsibility of women.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 50

Paragraph text
Similarly, fisherwomen contribute significantly to the work carried out at the different stages within the fishing industry the role they play is largely undervalued. Despite their direct contribution to fishing economy, women fishers are categorically excluded from state-sponsored benefits, facilities and services.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 48

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The food security of women in farming households and landless labourers is dependent on the adequacy of their wages. Rural labour markets are highly gender-segregated and women are more likely to work in low- wage sectors, with inadequate social protection, in temporary, seasonal and casual work, and in activities that require relatively unskilled labour.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 47

Paragraph text
Much of the discrimination against women agricultural workers is partly due to the fact that women are absent from supervisory structures and unions. Women involved in unions can face retaliation from their employers. Migrant women workers with precarious immigration status are particularly vulnerable and may prefer not to engage in activities potentially challenging employer-authority, including joining unions and reporting sexual abuse.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Persons on the move
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 44

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Most of the world's poor who live and work in rural areas are employed in the agriculture sector. Globally, 20 - 30% of the 450 million waged agricultural workers are women, as are 30 % of those employed in the fishing sector and this number is increasing. Yet, women face difficulty in engaging in market behavior when cultural norms make it socially unacceptable for women to interact with men.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Poverty
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 40

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Woman food producers have been particularly disadvantaged by these policies and there is limited recourse, since the WTO Agreement on Agriculture requires member States to "refrain from introducing new forms of domestic support for agricultural production," most of which are designed to help support small scale and subsistence women farmers.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 38

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The fact that 73% of the world's seed supply is owned and patented by these corporations and are therefore non-renewable, presents women with a major dilemma being. They are accustomed to seed saving and sharing, and would have o chose between discontinuing the traditional practice of saving and exchanging seeds or risk punishment for an intellectual property crime.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 35

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Globally, women have bred more than 7,000 species of crops. In India alone, seed saving has enabled women to breed 200,000 varieties of rice. Biodiversity offers the genetic variation necessary to protect against diseases, pests, and weather events that threaten to wipe out food supplies.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Environment
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 33

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Furthermore, the IPR regime does not readily acknowledge the value of women's traditional knowledge, which may cover a broad range of agricultural practices, technologies and techniques. In addition, women are faced with the threat of bio-piracy: the practice of co-opting and patenting traditional knowledge, without awarding appropriate compensation.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 27

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Between 1990 and 2010, many Latin American and sub-Saharan African countries engaged in land reform to establish formal laws that recognize and protect women's rights to land. According to the 2015 UNWOMEN's Progress of the World's Women Report, "by 2014, 128 countries had laws that guarantee married women's equality when it comes to property, and in 112 countries daughters had equal inheritance rights to sons".
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 23

Paragraph text
Women's property ownership is a significant indicator of poverty, and a key factor in securing increased participation in household decision making. Granting women the autonomy to make everyday choices has been proven to improve reproductive health, family nutrition, and child welfare. Land ownership also helps strengthen women's roles in community affairs and women's bargaining power.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
  • Poverty
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

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