Search Tips
sorted by
30 shown of 456 entities
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- As mentioned above, unethical recruitment practices and how they represent a risk of forced labour and trafficking in persons are not widely acknowledged within the private sector or among the stakeholders that participate in the standard-setting process. While some initiatives, such as the Ethical Trading Initiative or Social Accountability International, were created to uphold a strong labour rights component, others, such as the Marine Stewardship Council, were established primarily with an environmental focus. As a result, the level of sophistication in developing indicators that can effectively account for companies’ risk practices in this area varies from one initiative to another. The differences among initiatives regarding their original motivation may not only have an impact in the standard-setting and revision process but may also affect a multi-stakeholder initiative’s success in establishing an assurance programme that effectively monitors businesses compliance with a trafficking standard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Some examples of industry coalitions are the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition and the Business Social Compliance Initiative of the Foreign Trade Association. The Coalition brings together companies such as Apple, HP and Intel and has developed a code of conduct and audit scope that includes extensive references to issues such as unethical recruitment practices. The Business Social Compliance Initiative is a cross-sectoral initiative that has also developed a code of conduct and an implementation plan, including auditing, a capacity-building programme for businesses, including for suppliers, and alternative stakeholder engagement activities. As mentioned above, standards and an assurance programme alone are not sufficient to embed the standards into a company’s business model. Thus, many multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions develop, in parallel, capacity-building programmes and other awareness-raising activities for their stakeholders to help promote the standards and their implementation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Below, the Special Rapporteur offers recommendations to States, medical and transplantation professionals and the international community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives are organizations that have established voluntary sustainability standards, often for a specific commodity or industry sector. They offer a common label for companies that commit to align to the principles set by the standard and that agree to be monitored under the relevant assurance programme under which their commitment to and compliance with the standards are verified. The voluntary set of standards developed under the initiative often covers a wide spectrum of sustainability concerns, ranging from environmental risks and corruption to working conditions and labour rights. Examples of the initiatives identified under the project include the Forest Stewardship Council, Fairtrade, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, UTZ and the Aluminium Stewardship Initiative, which are also part of an umbrella organization, the ISEAL Alliance, created to strengthen these standards systems by improving their impacts, defining and advancing credibility, increasing their adoption and proliferation and improving effectiveness.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Under the Modern Slavery Act, companies with a total turnover of over £36 million conducting business, or part of a business, in any part of the United Kingdom are required to publish an annual slavery and human trafficking statement to disclose the steps the organization has taken during the financial year to ensure that slavery and human trafficking is not taking place in any of its supply chains and in any part of its own business. Companies may also provide a statement that the organization has taken no such steps. The statement may include information on the company’s structure and its supply chains, its policies and due diligence processes to combat human trafficking and slavery, specific parts of its business and supply chains that may be exposed to higher risks and steps taken to mitigate such risks, the effectiveness of such efforts, and training made available for its staff. In addition, the statement must be signed by the highest level of management. The duties imposed under the Modern Slavery Act can be enforced in civil proceedings undertaken by the authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Due diligence is too often limited in practice because it is seen as requiring resources and State capacity to control private actors. This can give rise to questions about the role of due diligence in contexts where capacities of States are diminished (e.g., in conflict or crisis) or where States' capacities to protect human rights from acts of third parties have not kept pace with the rise of powerful private actors, such as corporations and other non-State actors such as armed groups. Because due diligence is an obligation of conduct, it does not insist on a one-size-fits-all approach that requires uniform outcomes from differently situated States. As an obligation of conduct, however, due diligence does require "States to take reasonable measures that have a real prospect of altering the outcome or mitigating the harm." States are also required to undertake substantive review and assessment policies to test results and effectiveness, including whether they are taking appropriate measures to ensure the human rights of trafficked persons. This requirement of due diligence assessment is particularly important when potential infringements come from failures of the State to act with regard to non-State actors as omissions can be particularly difficult to measure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Respondents to the questionnaire noted that the mandate had also directly contributed to confirming and disseminating the obligations of States with respect to their response to trafficking. The mandate has also been very clear that the obligations of States extend beyond those that relate immediately to victims. For example, in relation to the responses of the criminal justice system, the Special Rapporteur has confirmed the obligation on all States to investigate and prosecute trafficking, as well as the obligation to protect the rights of suspects and the right to a fair trial. In their country mission reports, the mandate holders have also highlighted the link between corruption and trafficking, noting that States are required to act in preventing such corruption and dealing with it once it is uncovered. More broadly, and in particular during the tenure of the current mandate holder, the mandate has examined the implications of the legal obligation on States to take steps to prevent trafficking, detailing actions that should be taken within the framework of a human rights approach (A/HRC/10/16, paras. 45-47).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Supply chains and public-private partnerships. The mandate has maintained a strong focus on non-State actors and the role they can or should play in preventing and responding to trafficking. Information about trafficked labour in the supply chains of major industries, including agriculture, information and communications technology, fishing, garment-making and textiles, has alerted the mandate to the importance of engaging directly with business corporations. Over the past years, the Special Rapporteur has taken up this difficult issue, undertaking research and holding wide-ranging consultations on trafficking in global supply chains. In a dedicated report she outlined a series of clear and practical recommendations for businesses and States to help them eliminate trafficking in the supply chain (A/67/261). This provided the basis for further consultations with business experts that resulted in a draft set of benchmarks and indicators for ensuring that supply chains are free of trafficking. That draft was presented to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-third session (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and the second United Nations Forum on Business and Human Rights in 2013.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Recommendations and checklists. The Special Rapporteur has actively sought to promote normative clarity around trafficking and help flesh out the substantive content of key rules and obligations where that is required. This work has been firmly based on existing international standards, as recognized in the major human rights treaties and the specialist trafficking instruments. A major output of this method of work is a set of draft basic principles on the right to an effective remedy (A/HRC/17/35, annex I), developed after extensive consultation with stakeholders in all regions, which seek to bring clarity to the concept of the right to an effective remedy and set out the factors to be taken into account when this right is applied to trafficked persons. The Special Rapporteur has also created a draft checklist of indicators and benchmarks which businesses can use to assess the risks of human trafficking in their supply chains (2012). The checklist was developed and revised through consultations and is intended to build on and complement existing initiatives, including the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 85b
- Paragraph text
- [Taking in account States' obligations under international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer a set of recommendations which may serve as a basis for human rights-based measures to discourage the demand that fosters or leads to trafficking in persons:] States have a responsibility to protect against human rights abuses (including trafficking in persons and exploitation of persons) by third parties, including business enterprises and criminal associations, through appropriate policies, regulation and adjudication. States should set out clearly the expectation that all business enterprises domiciled in their territory and/or jurisdiction will respect human rights throughout their operations, both at home and abroad, and take appropriate action to stop trafficking in persons or the exploitation of persons from occurring, regardless of the size, sector, operational context, ownership and structure of the business enterprise;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights recommended a set of principles and guidelines to put the human rights of trafficked persons at the centre of all efforts to prevent and combat trafficking and protect, assist and provide redress to victims. The document provides specific recommendations on addressing demand as part of prevention strategies. It highlights the importance of addressing demand as a root cause of trafficking and raising the effectiveness of law enforcement to discourage demand, and recommends analysing the factors that generate demand for exploitative commercial sexual services and exploitative labour and taking strong legislative, policy and other measures to address these issues. Principle 2 provides that States have a responsibility under international law to act with due diligence to prevent trafficking, to investigate and prosecute traffickers and to assist and protect trafficked persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- In addition to anti-trafficking laws and other related laws that are aimed at punishing perpetrators of human trafficking in general, some States have adopted creative laws and mechanisms directed at businesses to better monitor their conduct. In Brazil, the Ministry of Labour and Employment maintains a public record of individuals and corporations identified by labour inspectors to be using or to have used slave labour. Once placed on what is known as the "dirty list", the individuals and corporations face financial sanctions, including fines and denial of national subsidies, tax exemptions and loans from State banks. They also automatically have their business dealings suspended by other companies that have voluntarily signed the National Pact for the Eradication of Slave Labour. The Ministry of National Integration has formally recommended that private-sector lenders deny financing to those on the list. The list currently contains the names of almost 300 employers. It is updated biannually and those listed may be removed only if they have not repeated the offence and have paid all fines and labour and social compensation. The list is a good example of how States may name and shame the companies implicated in human trafficking and slavery, and sanction their behaviour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, regional bodies have a role in promoting the establishment of national multidisciplinary monitoring bodies, which are key to the success of NPAs. For example, OSCE, COMMIT and the EU encourage States to establish such structures, which they designate as National Rapporteurs or Task Forces. These would be governing bodies with implementation, coordination and oversight responsibility, consisting of representatives from the relevant ministries - including police, justice, social welfare, labour and women's affairs - in charge of evaluating achievements and challenges in the country's implementation of their commitments, managing data collection and information sharing, taking decisions with regard to the need to revise strategies and coordinating overall efforts at the national level. International organizations and NGOs should be involved in these mechanisms. The OSCE Special Representative's 2008 Annual Report focused specifically on these national coordination mechanisms, outlining efforts taken by participating States to establish national coordinators and inter-agency coordinating bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that legislation covering recruitment activities clearly prohibits the charging of recruitment fees and related costs to workers and jobseekers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that relevant legislation and regulations cover all aspects and stages of the recruitment process, and that they apply to all workers, especially those in a vulnerable situation, and for all types of jobs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 98d
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Develop and release guidance materials prior to the entry into force of the legislation to support companies in understanding the requirements;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 98c
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Make publicly available the lists of companies that are subject to legislation on transparency;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 98b
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Establish sanction mechanisms for companies that fail to fulfil their obligations, and equip law enforcement agencies with the resources necessary to follow up on reports of lack of compliance;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 98a
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Adopt effective legislation requiring transparency in supply chains, human rights due diligence throughout supply chains, public reporting and disclosure by businesses, as well as measures relating to procurement practices, and guarantee the implementation of such legislation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Companies should consider publicly disclosing the names of their suppliers, as well as policies and measures implemented to ensure the compliance of suppliers to the company policy, with reference to, inter alia, cases of non-compliance and corrective action taken.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Assurance providers and auditing companies should consider sharing aggregated data on audit results with governments and other relevant stakeholders to support government-level strategies in combating trafficking in persons for labour exploitation that are based on empirical evidence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Assurance providers and auditing companies should supplement information obtained through worker interviews and document reviews with alternative sources of information, including from trade unions and civil society stakeholders who are active in the sector and region.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- In the event that the audited company uses labour recruiters, a specialized audit protocol should be in place to assess the risks in their recruitment practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- When performing an audit, assurance providers and auditing companies should ensure that sufficient time is allocated to interviews with workers and worker representatives, that gender concerns are appropriately addressed and that sufficient resources are allocated to engaging interpreters to support auditors when necessary.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should develop specific deep dive audit protocol modules on trafficking in persons indicators and guidance to be used when predefined red flags of trafficking and forced labour are first detected, allowing auditors to enlarge the audit scope and uncover the full extent and depth of the problem.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should consider engaging with auditors and other monitoring mechanisms when designing and establishing auditing protocols and monitoring modalities to ensure that they are effective for identifying risk indicators in practice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should cooperate with State authorities by sharing lessons learned and experiences in standards implementation, to analyse gaps in regulations and State policy regarding the elimination of trafficking in persons and promote the adoption of a relevant legal framework and effective law enforcement measures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should consider establishing a platform with all relevant stakeholders at the local level to discuss and coordinate measures to implement the standards, challenges in the implementation and solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should ensure that the criteria and indicators used to determine compliance with each standard are adapted effectively to the specific sector and activity the initiative covers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66j
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Deductions made from workers’ wages are lawful;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph