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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 22

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Other practices such as forced marriage that are in effect in certain parts of the world can be considered "sale for purposes of sexual exploitation". One manifestation of this, among others, is that young girls are given as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 23

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Men and boys can also become victims of trafficking, particularly for forced labour and to a lesser extent for sexual exploitation. However, lack of awareness about the involvement of men as trafficked persons has resulted in identification failures, as well as significant discrimination against male victims, particularly in terms of access to protection and assistance (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, para. 34).
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Men
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Servile marriage 2012, para. 67

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
The sale of wives also manifests itself in the form of mail-order marriages and paper marriages. In the case of mail-order marriages, women from developing countries in East and South Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America advertise themselves in newspapers, magazines and on the Internet for marriage outside their countries of origin, usually to men in developed countries. In many instances, the women are economically vulnerable and advertise themselves in the hope of improving their economic situation.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Harmful Practices
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2012
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 59

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
One of the most significant factors inhibiting women's capacity to participate in public life is men's failure to share unpaid care work, and the lack of services supporting this work. Intense and unequal care responsibilities often confine women to the domestic sphere, excluding them from paid work and public life and preventing them from participating in important decision-making processes at the community and national level.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 13

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
The unequal distribution of unpaid care work is highly reflective and determinative of power relations between women and men. Discriminatory gender stereotypes, which construe women as second-class citizens whose place is in the home, cause and perpetuate this unequal distribution of work, rendering women's equal enjoyment of rights impossible. Addressing care responsibilities is thus an essential component of the obligations of States to ensure gender equality at home, work and in society more broadly.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 56

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
In order to ensure that men and women benefit equally from them, social protection systems must address women's life-cycle risks and the impediments to women's access to work and productive activities, as well as the burden of care.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 86

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
The positive contribution of social protection to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals depends in large part on access (both economic and physical) to culturally and gender-sensitive social services of good quality. This requires that policymakers understand and take into account the various challenges faced by women and men in seeking to gain access to social services.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 93d

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
[To address the structural impact of international trade on the human rights of migrants, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that gender-specific considerations are adequately integrated into the development of such human rights impact assessments so that the impact of trade agreements on the human rights of migrant women and men are identified and effectively mitigated;
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Gender
  • Governance & Rule of Law
  • Movement
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Persons on the move
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Women and their right to adequate housing 2012, para. 14

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
The foreclosure crisis also has specific gender implications. Again, in the United States alone, researchers estimate that there were 2.5 million foreclosures from 2007 to 2009. Due to gender-based discrimination in mortgage lending, women in the United States - and ethnic minority women, in particular - were 32 per cent more likely than men to be targets of sub-prime and predatory lenders, despite having on average higher credit scores.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2012
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 90f

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
[The Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations: In order for States to address discrimination against women in terms of equal labour opportunities, States should:] Ensure gender mainstreaming in all adaptation and mitigation responses to climate change and encourage policy-makers to work with both women and men taking their views into consideration at all levels.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Environment
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 44

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Most of the world's poor who live and work in rural areas are employed in the agriculture sector. Globally, 20 - 30% of the 450 million waged agricultural workers are women, as are 30 % of those employed in the fishing sector and this number is increasing. Yet, women face difficulty in engaging in market behavior when cultural norms make it socially unacceptable for women to interact with men.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Poverty
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 48

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Women are concentrated in higher numbers than men in informal work, not recognized, recorded, protected or regulated by the public authorities, and overrepresented in precarious, atypical and vulnerable work or employment. There are extreme examples in which 93 per cent of women workers are in informal work.
Body
Special Procedures: Working Group on discrimination against women and girls
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 41

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Participation rates of women in the global labour force continue to be lower than men's, hovering steadily from 1990 to 2010 at around 52 per cent.
Body
Special Procedures: Working Group on discrimination against women and girls
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 23

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
While fostering sociocultural change is a medium- to long-term objective, ensuring the equal enjoyment of rights of men and women is an immediate obligation for States. Therefore they must take immediate actions to alleviate the intensity of women's unpaid care work and redistribute their disproportionate share, including through the "provision of the necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public life" (article 11 (2) (c)).
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 52

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Disadvantages for women in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors undermine their right to food. Women's income possibilities are more constrained than men's; the women's participation in the labour force is lower than men on a global scale - 70 percent of working age men are in the labour force compared to only 40 percent of working age women and the labour force participation rates have stagnated around the world in the past two decades.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 31

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Most important, however, is the demand for sex with children. Those who support the exploitation of children include men from industrialized and developing countries who keep traffickers and exploiters in business through their demand for and purchase and exploitation of children. This topic will be the specific focus of the next thematic report of the Special Rapporteur.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 47

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Rights-based social protection systems can support progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by, inter alia, promoting women's participation in economic activities, increasing their participation in the workforce, providing them with income security in old age and improving nutritional levels and food security, as well as girls' access to education. If women cannot, on an equal basis with men, benefit from development, participate in the labour market and participate in public decision-making, the achievement of the Goals will be seriously compromised.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 41

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Agricultural trade liberalization is generally premised on export-promotion policies that benefit men and larger-scale farmers. Liberalization has also opened smaller markets to subsidized imports, thus displacing the farmed products of local women, and encouraging the production of export crops over subsistence agriculture. Women are struggling to maintain household incomes due to increased competition with imported agricultural goods, reduced prices, and declining commodity prices in international markets.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 32

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Unfortunately, the IPR regime disproportionately excludes women, particularly in the context of agriculture. For example, IPR tends to reward "high technology" but ignores the contributions that the female labour force makes to agricultural production. Meanwhile, the privatization of agricultural resources leads to increased monetization. Women are less likely than men to have discretionary income, and are therefore less able to afford expensive seeds that were once managed communally.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 29

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Formal laws could also prove ineffective if women do not realize or assume control over their rights. For example, in 2005, India amended the Hindu Succession Act (1956) to allow men and women equal inheritance to agricultural land. However, according to a 2013 study, challenges in the implementation of the Act had been observed, allegedly as a result of women not being aware of their legal rights and not wanting to upset their families and resistance from their brothers amongst other reasons.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 42b (ii)

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
[In order to ensure the enjoyment of the right to food, States should:] Ensure that market-led land reforms are compatible with human rights. If, despite the reservations expressed in the present report, States choose to seek to improve security of tenure through titling programmes and the creation of land rights markets, they should: Ensure that titling schemes benefit women and men equally, correcting existing imbalances if necessary;
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right to food
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Food & Nutrition
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 100

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Discriminatory laws and practice prevail in most countries. Some such laws are self-evident, such as mandatory early retirement for women. Some are what has been called "statistical discrimination", such as separate annuity tables for women and men based on women's greater longevity. Others are the result of the sociology of the family and of legislative policy endorsing and perpetuating the economic dependence of women on a husband's income and pension entitlement.
Body
Special Procedures: Working Group on discrimination against women and girls
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 16

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Women are disadvantaged economically as a result of social and cultural parameters, including stereotyping, discrimination and violence. A structural barrier to women's economic empowerment is the disparate feminization of unpaid care responsibilities. These cultural and structural barriers appear throughout girls' and women's life cycle and, indeed, women's economic situation varies throughout their life cycle more than men's.
Body
Special Procedures: Working Group on discrimination against women and girls
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 43

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
There are several intersecting groups in society that suffer from corruption on other grounds. There is, for example, evidence that corruption does not affect rural areas in the same way as it affects urban areas. Women can often be particularly affected by health sector corruption. In many countries, they are more likely to use health care than men, a pattern partly explained by their increased use of services during their reproductive years. They may thus be disproportionately affected by the effects of health sector corruption, for example when they lack the money to afford informal payments necessary for assistance around childbirth. Women may also be more vulnerable to informal payments where they lack economic means, for example where they do not participate equally in the paid labour force or do not have equal access to or control of financial resources within the household. Furthermore, women constitute a large proportion of health-care personnel, and can thus be disproportionately affected when health sector corruption negatively affects the timely payment of proper wages.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health 
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2017
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 37

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Affordability is of special concern to women and girls, who often have less access to financial resources than men. Women and girls need toilets for urination, defecation and menstrual hygiene management as well as for assisting younger children. Combined with women's lower access to financial resources, pay-per-use toilets with the same user fee for men and women are in practice often more expensive for women. Besides, public urinals are often free for men but not for women. To tackle this, the municipal government of Mumbai is currently constructing several toilet blocks the maintenance of which is financed through family passes instead of by charging a fee for each use. Some public toilets can be used free of charge by women and other groups that often lack access to economic resources, such as children and older people.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Gender
  • Health
  • Water & Sanitation
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Older persons
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 47

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Alongside such legislation, Governments should take all possible steps to prevent and address discrimination, as a key preventative strategy against debt bondage. Anti-discrimination legislation should be in place, and programmes that reduce vulnerability to exploitation should be targeted to populations commonly affected by debt bondage. Within such efforts, specific attention should be paid to removing barriers to access to education among children from vulnerable groups. In addition, addressing gender inequalities in society at large will help to reduce the number of women in debt bondage. Ensuring that women are given the same opportunities as men and that they enjoy equal rights at work is a key step in preventing them from becoming trapped in situations of debt bondage.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 22

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
In order to ensure that women enjoy all their rights on equal terms with men, States must take all appropriate measures to ensure that care responsibilities are equally shared by men and women. The Convention expressly refers to the sharing of responsibility among men and women and wider society in regard to the upbringing of children (preamble). It notes that States parties must ensure "the recognition of the common responsibility of men and women in the upbringing and development of their children" (article 5). This provision requires States to combat patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and society at large, and to address discrimination in education and employment and the compatibility of work requirements and family needs. States must, inter alia, prohibit discrimination or dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy or maternity and ensure that men and women have equal opportunities to choose their profession or occupation (see for example articles 11.2 and 16).
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 59

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Social protection programmes must take into account and address all obstacles preventing women from gaining access to or participating in them. Childcare facilities, for example, appear to be effective in ensuring the participation of women in social protection programmes. Public-works programmes should allow for flexible working hours in order to accommodate domestic responsibilities. In addition, public-works activities could prioritize the promotion of gender-sensitive community assets (for example, facilitation of access to water, sanitation and firewood). In addition, policymakers could assess the feasibility of moving beyond employment-intensive social infrastructure projects to include some activities that might attract women while lessening their burden of unpaid work, such as child or elderly care. In any case, public work programmes must always ensure there are equal wages for men and women.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Gender
  • Water & Sanitation
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 44

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
Strategies to strengthen the meaningful participation of IDW should also include constructive engagement of men in efforts to uphold IDW's rights. Yet, this also remains an inadequately addressed challenge. Engaging men in women's economic empowerment programmes has in some instances proven advantageous because it has increased men's support for the initiatives, but it also raises the risk of men assuming control of the process. Similarly, when IDPs are consulted on development and implementation of protection and assistance programmes, IDW may often defer to men as the community's representatives if separate consultations are not convened. Identification and exchange of good practices, effective awareness-raising programmes and creative approaches to engaging men and boys to work alongside and support IDW should be a fundamental pillar of protection and assistance efforts.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Men
  • Persons on the move
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Guiding Principles on security of tenure for the urban poor 2014, para. 62

Document type
Special Procedures' report
Paragraph text
States should adopt measures to strengthen women's registration of tenure rights. The registration of tenure rights in joint or multiple names, including of women, should be promoted as standard procedure, in order to avoid de jure or de facto discrimination if registration is authorized solely in the name of the head of the household. For example, in Tajikistan, law reform in 2004 made it mandatory to list all family members on certificates when families receive plots of land from former collective farms. Practical measures include requiring men and women to be present at the registration process, during which all documentation should be read aloud and explained; and providing space on documentation for recording multiple names. Under the Ethiopian land certification programme, for example, certificates are issued jointly with photos of both husband and wife. Incentives can also be used to promote registration of tenure rights in the name of women. For example, in 2006, Nepal introduced a partial tax exemption for plots of land registered to women.
Body
Special Procedures: Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Men
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

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