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Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 48

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Various recent and ongoing events have shed light on the relevance of the issue in current conflicts. After the kidnapping of over 200 schoolgirls in Chibok, Nigeria, in 2014 by Boko Haram, the armed group announced it would "sell" them.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Humanitarian
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 92b

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[Specific activities to promote child participation in order to prevent sale and exploitation include:] Awareness-raising with parents to address possible discrimination against girls and to promote the child's right to be heard;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Families
  • Girls
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 45

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A number of social practices are rooted in discrimination against women. Child marriage is entrenched in social and gender norms that significantly affect the well-being of girls.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Harmful Practices
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Women
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48c

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[Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Providing single mothers (particularly adolescent girls) with support through social welfare systems that offer a full range of alternative care services and assistance within child protection systems;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Social & Cultural Rights
Person(s) affected
  • Adolescents
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2011
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28c

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[With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish 18 years as the minimum age of marriage for girls and boys, with a prohibition on the procurement, offering, conducting of or forcing into an under-age marriage;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Harmful Practices
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Girls
Year
2011
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 85

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Once on the street, children are vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse. Girls who belong to gangs are subject to violence and sexual exploitation by male gang members.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 55

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The rape and sexual exploitation of young girls and women have been used as veritable weapons of war during conflict. The physical and psychological consequences are significant for the victims, who often find themselves stigmatized and marginalized and hence more vulnerable.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Humanitarian
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 53

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In some circumstances, early marriage is used as an economic survival strategy by poor families. Girls are given into marriage, often against their will and in exchange for a dowry, in order to settle the family's debts, to acquire land or even to settle disputes between families or clans.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Harmful Practices
  • Social & Cultural Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 45

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Therefore, a pubescent child who becomes a victim of sexual exploitation (especially a girl) is not necessarily seen as a victim, but rather as guilty of behaving or dressing provocatively or of a poor upbringing.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Health
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40

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[Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 101 million children are not attending primary school, with more girls than boys missing out.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Poverty
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 22

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Other practices such as forced marriage that are in effect in certain parts of the world can be considered "sale for purposes of sexual exploitation". One manifestation of this, among others, is that young girls are given as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 16

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[Thanks to these efforts, more data are now available on long-term trends and specific aspects of some types of sale and sexual exploitation of children, including:] The practice of sexual exploitation of boys and girls of all ages, and from all backgrounds, in all States and regions;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 27

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The overwhelming majority of forced labour consists of labour exploitation. The latest global estimate concludes that a total of 20.9 million persons are victims of forced labour, of which 5.5 million (26 per cent), are children. Women and girls represent the greater share of the total: 11.4 million (55 per cent).
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Women
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 40

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It seems that girls are more likely to be at risk of grooming than boys. Most victims of grooming tend to be post-pubescent, partly because groomers play on the fact that children who are going through puberty are interested in sex. Group-localized grooming can lead to trafficking in children by offenders within the locality of child victims. Such trafficking is often facilitated through new technologies, particularly mobile telephones.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Health
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 88c

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[The Special Rapporteur invites all States:] To conduct research on the effects of sexual exploitation and related sale and trafficking on girls, boys and transgender child victims as well as on the effects of sexual exploitation facilitated by information and communication technologies to inform specialized care, recovery and reintegration programmes;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 56

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Socioeconomic support, including financial assistance, is as important as education; employment and the ability to earn a livelihood should be viewed as the goal. In Bulgaria, a job skills training programme for Roma girls who were trafficked helped three quarters of them to find a job. In Nepal, eight rehabilitation centres provided victims of trafficking with skills as well as seed money to start a small business.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Persons on the move
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 35

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Girls who are sexually exploited may also give birth to children whom they are either forced to abandon or give up for adoption, or the children may be used as leverage by their pimps or traffickers. Many keep their children and attempt to raise them on their own. A few organizations serving child victims of sexual exploitation provide childcare services.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2015
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 32

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In some cases this phenomenon may be veiled in a "culturally acceptable" practice through, for instance, child marriage. In countries where early marriage is still a common practice, money can be offered to families to marry young girls, despite the marriage only lasting for the length of the stay. Visitors may also take the minor back to their country, where the child will be subjected to continual sexual exploitation.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Harmful Practices
  • Social & Cultural Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Families
  • Girls
  • Youth
Year
2013
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Child participation 2012, para. 57

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In Yemen, the Children's Parliament has democratically elected representatives from all governorates and includes orphans, children with disabilities and young people belonging to marginalized groups. It regularly meets Government departments and non-governmental organizations. In 2008, it produced a public report on the situation of children in Yemen. In 2010, it carried out a national campaign to illustrate the impact of early marriage on the lives and health of young girls, which has led to a review of Yemeni legislation.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Equality & Inclusion
  • Governance & Rule of Law
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Youth
Year
2012
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 19

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There is often confusion between sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, particularly when they occur within the family. In the context of the Optional Protocol, sexual exploitation covers the use, recruitment or offer of a child for purposes of prostitution or pornographic material or performances. Forced and early marriage can be considered a form of sale for the purpose of sexual exploitation. One manifestation of this is the offering of young girls as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Men
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2011
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 88

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Despite efforts to combat child labour, UNICEF estimates that 150 million children 5-14 years old worldwide are engaged in child labour. According to ILO estimates, more than two thirds of all child labour is in the agricultural sector. Children in rural areas - and girls in particular - begin agricultural labour as young as 5-7 years old.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 56

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Throughout the world, the epidemiological situation shows an increase in cases of AIDS among the heterosexual population, the percentage being three to eight times higher among women and girls than among men. The greater vulnerability of women to AIDS is due to physiological and biological factors, but also to social, cultural and economic pressures that do not allow them to protect themselves.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Women
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 52

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In 2007, more than one third of young women 20 to 24 years old (that is, over 64 million ) in developing countries reported that they were married or in union by age 18. Early marriages are twice as common among young girls from poor families and those living in rural areas. Furthermore, these early marriages lead to early pregnancies (14 million young women give birth between the ages of 15 and 19 years old ), which endanger the health of the mothers and their children.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Health
Person(s) affected
  • Girls
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 51

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In many societies, the unequal social status of women continues to contribute to patent discrimination against girls, particularly in poor and rural communities. Girls born in poor households or living in rural communities are at a clear disadvantage in terms of education, owing to persistent attitudes and practices that encourage early marriages and the confinement of young women, and give greater importance to the education of boys over girls.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Education
  • Equality & Inclusion
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Girls
  • Women
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 16

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[Thanks to these efforts, more data are now available on long-term trends and specific aspects of some types of sale and sexual exploitation of children, including:] The gender dimension of sexual exploitation, which has the greatest effect on girls, although there are reports of some cases of sexual exploitation of boys (prostitution, pornography, sexual tourism); very few cases have been reported owing to taboos and laws prohibiting homosexuality;
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Boys
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 54

Paragraph text
Early or forced marriage, which is not considered a form of exploitation, makes young girls more vulnerable to mistreatment and exploitation. It often results in their leaving school early and prevents them from acquiring the skills that could make them more independent. When girls flee a marriage, they most often find themselves with no education or source of livelihood, separated from their family environment and, therefore, in a situation of great vulnerability in which one of the sole means of survival is prostitution.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Families
  • Girls
  • Youth
Year
2010
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 67

Paragraph text
Due to the control their employers exercise over them, children sold for the purpose of forced labour are particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse. For example, child labour in domestic work makes children vulnerable to sexual violence and abuse, as well as beatings and degrading treatment. Children, in particular girls, involved in forced labour in manufacturing, such as the garment industry, are often victims of sexual violence. In armed conflict, systematic sexual violence and enslavement is often a daily reality for girls (see A/HRC/32/CRP.2).
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Economic Rights
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
Year
2016
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 83

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In Latvia, the Special Rapporteur visited the Ilguciems Prison for women and girls. She praised the methodology employed by the caretakers at this centre, where she witnessed a child-rights approach to the care, rehabilitation and follow-up of the girls. The social rehabilitation programmes implemented include measures to encourage forward-looking thinking and to prepare the girls for discharge and reintegration into society through acquiring and developing basic skills.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Governance & Rule of Law
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Women
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 26

Paragraph text
Child marriage remains widespread in many countries, despite the adoption of domestic legal frameworks forbidding it. Child marriage is rooted in unequal gender status and power relations in society. In many cases, it can be regarded as a form of sale of children. The requirement to provide a dowry for younger girls can be an incentive for parents to arrange to marry their daughters at an early age. Child marriage can be used as a means to settle family debts or provide economic security to families.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
  • Harmful Practices
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Families
  • Girls
Year
2014
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 83

Paragraph text
It is easy for individuals to abuse their power in relief camps and to ask for sexual favours in exchange for basic necessities. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency provided funding to Save the Children (Sweden) in Haiti to address issues of gender-based violence and sexual exploitation through awareness-raising, training and establishing community-based focal points. Despite these services, according to Human Rights Watch, girls and women were badly neglected in recovery efforts.
Body
Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
Document type
Special Procedures' report
Topic(s)
  • Gender
  • Humanitarian
  • Violence
Person(s) affected
  • Children
  • Girls
  • Women
Year
2012
Date added
Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph

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