A/RES/56/175 (ii) The restriction of political freedom, in spite of the replacement, in March 2000, of the Political Associations Act of 1998 by the Associations and Political Parties Act and the increased activity by some opposition parties; (iii) The arbitrary arrest and detention without trial of political opponents, human rights defenders and journalists, in particular, as well as acts of intimidation and harassment against the population by the security organs; (iv) The new amendment to the National Security Forces Act, approved by Parliament and endorsed by the President, which allows the security forces to arrest and detain individuals for a period of up to six months and three days without proper judicial review and to renew the detention as a preventive measure, practically without limits; (v) Detention in precarious conditions, the use of torture and violations of human rights by security organs, intelligence agencies and the police, while encouraging the judiciary to exercise more control over such agencies; (vi) The use of the cruelest forms of corporal punishment in contravention of human rights norms and standards; (vii) The use of the death penalty in disregard of the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 2 and United Nations safeguards; 3. Urges all parties to the continuing conflict in the Sudan: (a) To respect and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, to respect fully international humanitarian law, in particular the need to ensure the protection of civilians and civilian premises, thereby facilitating the voluntary return, repatriation and reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes, and to ensure that those responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice; (b) To work immediately to put in place a global, lasting and effectively monitored ceasefire as a necessary first step to a negotiated settlement to the conflict, and to commit themselves to a permanent ceasefire; (c) To take immediate steps to implement the 1994 Declaration of Principles, in particular to take all necessary steps towards the negotiation of a ceasefire agreement as agreed upon in point 6 of the Declaration of Principles; (d) To resume the peace talks immediately and to continue to cooperate fully with the peace efforts of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development; (e) To stop immediately the use of weapons, including landmines and indiscriminate artillery shelling, against the civilian population, which runs counter to principles of international humanitarian law; (f) abuses; To stop the use of tribal militias that commit serious human rights (g) In particular the Government of the Sudan, to cease immediately and unconditionally all indiscriminate aerial bombardment of the civilian population and civilian installations, including schools, hospitals, churches, food distribution areas and market places, which runs counter to fundamental principles of human rights and humanitarian law; (h) In particular the Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement, to stop using civilian premises for military purposes, misappropriating humanitarian assistance and diverting relief supplies, including food, from their civilian recipients; 5