A/78/167 they were regularly exposing themselves to the sun without appropriate protection. In addition, as a result of a state of emergency declared in the country, in 2016, three out of five farmers had been unable to plant any crops, leading to food insecurity for 2.44 million people. Several million jobs outside of agriculture depend on the environment, such as the biofuel, renewable energy, pharmaceutical, chemical and ecotourism industries. In 2014, these industries (including agriculture) accounted for 1.2 billion jobs, equivalent to 40 per cent of global employment and 16 per cent of total employment in the European Union. 41. Persons with albinism globally are less resilient to all types of climate -related shocks that disrupt livelihoods because of the existing barriers they face with regard to gaining access to education and securing employment. Climate-related impacts lead to job losses. Persons with albinism experience greater difficulty in transitioning to new jobs because of existing barriers, such as stigma and discrimination. In Nigeria, some prospective employers have been found to hold strong perceptions of persons with albinism having “repulsive” body odour that would discourage colleagues and customers from a shared workspace. 51 In Japan, persons with albinism have been rejected after job interviews because of th e colour of their hair, while, in Colombia, some employers have been unwilling to hire persons with albinism because of perceived liability for sunburn and skin damage at work. 52 Owing to barriers such as stigma and discrimination, many persons with albinism work for themselves in informal trades, 53 many of which involve dangerous levels of sun exposure. 42. Persons with albinism face specific challenges when it comes to securing and maintaining employment because of barriers to ensuring their occupational health and safety; these challenges are worsened by climate change. In particular, persons with albinism regularly require assistive devices, such as visual aids, sun protection gear and workplace adaptation in order to minimize their exposure to the sun. All persons with disabilities, including persons with albinism, have the right to reasonable accommodations such as those described above so that they can safely participate in the labour market. As climate change continues to increase exposure to the sun , the occupational health and safety of persons with albinism will continue to be at particularly increased risk. B. Forced displacement and environmental migration 43. According to the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change, 59.1 million people worldwide were internally displaced in 2021, most of them displaced by climate -related disasters. 54 Moreover, climate change also has a significant influence on existing patterns of migration, with more and more people becoming “climate migrants”. 55 These individuals and their families are leaving their homes in response not only to sudden disasters but also __________________ 51 52 53 54 55 23-13701 Esther T. Ololajulo and Sharon A. Omotoso, “The double jeopardy of women with albinism in Ibadan, Nigeria: breaking the unemployment barrier”, Disability & Society (2023), pp. 1–18. Ikponwosa Ero and others, People with Albinism Worldwide. Ibid. OHCHR, “‘Intolerable tide’ of people displaced by climate change: UN expert”, press release, 13 June 2022. Available at www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/intolerable-tide-peopledisplaced-climate-change-un-expert. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has defined climate migration as the movement of a person or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sud den or progressive change in the environment owing to climate change, are obliged to leave their habitual place of residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, within a State or across an international border. For more information, see Glossary on Migration (Geneva, IOM, 2019). Available at https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/ iml_34_glossary.pdf. 13/23