A/71/358 XI. Financing lifelong learning 86. The Special Rapporteur deems social responsibility in education a guiding factor as regards resources to be devoted to lifelong learning. Although States have primary responsibility under human rights law for financing education, financing lifelong learning is a co-responsibility of public authorities, enterprises and social partners under the overall promotional and coordinating role of Governments. A. Co-responsibility in financing lifelong learning 87. It is incumbent upon States to “create an economic environment and incentives, to encourage enterprises to invest in education and training ”.12 In this respect, corporate social responsibility has a special significance. In addition, employers have a direct responsibility to provide training finan cing in a lifelong learning perspective. In the Blueprint on Enculturation of Lifel ong Learning for Malaysia (2011-2020), under the Lifelong Learning Award of Excellence initiative, it is proposed that relevant acts and regulations be amended “to make it compulsory for employers to fund their employees’ lifelong learning activities”. 42 88. Under the overall role of State authorities, the social partners as stakeholders have a shared responsibility as regards financial support for providing opportunities for lifelong learning. In the field of technical and vocational education and training, industry partners can share that responsibility, either directly through co-sponsorship of schools or programmes or indirectly by contributing teaching resources, traineeships or job placement programmes. 89. In stipulating that “for the individual learner, lack of funds should not be an obstacle to participation in adult learning and education programmes ”, the UNESCO Recommendation on Adult Learning and Education expresses the moral obligation of all providers of adult learning. Member States may consider offering co-financing and setting incentives to facilitate learning. For example, individual learning accounts, subsidies (vouchers and allowances) and support for trainin g leave for workers might be considered. B. Financing, public incentives and support measures: some examples 90. The Special Rapporteur considers that developing a system of financing lifelong learning at the national level is highly important. For e xample, adult education in Scandinavian countries is largely publicly financed; such is the case with the adult vocational training programmes in Denmark. Low -skilled and skilled participants are entitled to a fixed allowance financed from the State Grant System for Adult Training. Companies paying regular wages to employees participating in adult vocational training programmes are entitled to receive grants instead. 43 The individual learning accounts, understood as “training accounts” or “development __________________ 42 43 16-14910 Malaysia, Ministry of Higher Education, Blueprint on Enculturation of Lifelong Learning for Malaysia 2011-2020 (Seri Kembangan, Malaysia, Univision Press, 2011), p. 48. See http://eng.uvm.dk/Fact-Sheets/Adult-education-and-continuing-training/Adult-vocationaltraining; see also European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Vocational Education and Training in Denmark: Short Description (Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, 2012), p. 55. 21/26