COVID-19 pandemic. The world is also not on track to meet nutrition-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, despite some progress in reducing ch ildhood stunting and promoting exclusive breastfeeding: some forms of malnutrition continue to worsen, including micronutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity. Moreover, the current global food system is environmentally unsustainable and has major impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity and climate. Population growth and rising incomes will be important drivers of increased food consumption in many countries. The Secretary-General notes that population patterns and trends cut across all five action tracks of the upcoming United Nations Food Systems Summit: access to safe and nutritious food, sustainable consumption patterns, nature-positive production, equitable livelihoods, and resilience. In his report, the Secretary-General recommends, inter alia, adopting and strengthening policies, including incentives, regulations and dietary guidelines, that encourage people to adopt healthy diets based on food that can be produced sustainably. As policies to make food systems more sustainable may lead to higher food prices, Governments should supplement incomes among the poor. The report of the Secretary-General on the review of the impact of the coronavirus disease on programmes and interventions for the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development in the context of population, food security, nutrition and sustainable development (E/CN.9/2021/3), prepared by UNFPA, found that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted food security worldwide and will likely reverse recent global progress towards ending hunger by 2030. By increasing poverty, disrupting public health and school feeding programmes and undermining major nutrition programmes such as food fortification, the pandemic is projected to increase the number of people enduring all forms of malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, and issues of obesity and overweight. Substantial consequences related to human health and suffering are expected, including a worsening of maternal and child nutrition, which have lifelong consequences for learning, productivity and well-being. Many innovative programmes to sustain food security and nutrition under COVID -19 hold promise but do not yet operate at scale. New solutions are needed but should not eclipse well-proven and highly cost-effective programmes that were already underfunded before the COVID-19 pandemic, including sexual and reproductive health programmes; maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and n utrition programmes; food targeted at school-age children; food fortification; and incentives for sustainable agriculture. The report of the Secretary-General on the flow of financial resources for assisting in the further implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (E/CN.9/2021/4), prepared by UNFPA, provides information on the latest trends in official development assistance (ODA) in areas of central importance to the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, including sexual and reproductive health, which covers reproductive health, family planning and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, as well as the collection of population data and the analysis of population policies. The data that were available at the time of preparation of the report pertain to the year 2019 at the aggregate level and to 2018 at the project level. However, initial research suggests that, in 2020, the distribution of ODA changed significantly owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and its fallout, and that there was a risk that ODA would decline overall in 2021 and beyond. In 2018, gross ODA disbursements for the costed components of the Programme of Action amounted to $10.1 billion. Converted into United States dollars per woman of reproductive age in the developing world, that amounted to $6.07, slightly less than in 2017. With regard to ODA for food security, nutrition and the development of the primary sector, which comprises agriculture, fishing and forestry, the largest share of 4/32 21-06093