ODA was spent on policy and governance. A relatively small share was spent on actual support for agricultural production and efforts to boost agricultural output to ensure food security. The report of the Secretary-General on programme implementation and progress of work in the field of population in 2020 (E/CN.9/2021/5), prepared by the Population Division, contains a review of the progress made by the Division in implementing its programme of work. In his report, the Secretary-General discusses the analysis of global trends in fertility, mortality, migration, urbanization and population ageing; the preparation of global population estimates and projections; the monitoring of population policies; the analysis of interrelations between population and sustainable development; the dissemination of population data and information; technical cooperation with and capacity development provided to Member States; and the support provided to intergovernmental processes, including through the preparation of reports of the Secretary-General and other parliamentary documents, the organization of expert group meetings, the contribution to inter-agency initiatives and the monitoring of internationally agreed development goals. On 19 April 2021, the Queen Mother of Bhutan and Goodwill Ambassador for UNFPA, Gyalyum Sangay Choden Wangchuck, delivered the keynote address. In her statement, the Queen Mother said that global initiatives aimed at advancing women’s rights to promote their social and economic development had yielded significant results in the past 25 years. However, too many women and girls around the world were still marginalized, living at or below the poverty line, with little control over their reproductive health and choices. COVID-19 had deepened and perpetuated inequalities and vulnerabilities for women and girls, and also highlighted gaps in policies and systems. Gender-based violence had risen, health‑care systems had failed to provide reliable maternal and neonatal services and women faced increased domestic work, as well as job losses and food scarcity. She called for the international community to move beyond counting, quantification and assessments and to develop courageous initiatives and innovative actions to promote women’s rights. She recalled that the momentum generated by the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development deeply influenced the course of development in Bhutan. The country’s commitment to providing universal access to sexual and reproductive health services and advancing the rights and choices for women and girls brought about significant changes and visible impacts. Still, the country’s young people faced several challenges, including unmet needs for modern contraception and low levels of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS among adolescents. The Commission’s focus on food security and nutrition came at a critical time, as the COVID -19 pandemic was having a profound impact on health‑care systems, food security and gender equality. She stressed that it was imperative to ensure that vaccines were recognized as global public goods, and that they were made accessible to all countries in an equitable and fair manner. Also on 19 April, an interactive expert panel discussed the reports of the Secretary-General that had been prepared for general debate (agenda item 3). The panel was moderated by Vice-Chair Mayra Lisseth Sorto Rosales (Minister Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of El Salvador to the United Nations), and included the following experts: Senior Population Affairs Officer, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Cheryl Sawyer; Senior Economist, FAO, Lorenzo Bellù; Technical Specialist, Population and Development Branch, UNFPA, Sandile Simelane; Director of School-based Programmes, World Food Programme, Carmen Burbano; and Senior Adviser, UNFPA, Michael Herrmann. Panellists noted that population size and distribution were important drivers of the demand for food. Furthermore, unhealthy diets were creating health burdens across 21-06093 5/32