A/69/212 D. Supporting the effective reintegration of children 59. While disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are crucial to addressing the recruitment and use of children, the reintegration aspect is fundamental to mitigating the risks of rerecruitment by armed groups by providing appealing and durable options to children. Family tracing and reunification, community reintegration, psycho-social assistance, education and skills training are just a few of the services that are essential to helping children to recover from the impact of conflict and to transition into adulthood. 60. Children recruited and used by armed forces and groups have been out of thei r communities and out of school, sometimes for years; they must often reacquire the social skills needed to interact with their communities and to access economic and livelihood opportunities. The concept of sustainable community -based reintegration is not new. It was part of the recommendations of the 1996 report prepared by Graça Machel on the impact of armed conflict on children. However, implementing effective reintegration programmes continues to be a challenge. Adequate resources to provide effective programmes are too often lacking. 61. Partnerships between concerned Governments, donor countries, the United Nations and civil society must encompass all phases of post-conflict intervention, from recovery to peacebuilding and development. The reintegration needs of children separated from armed forces or groups should be increasingly reflected in peacebuilding strategies with a view to making children and youth programming a foundation for durable peace. 62. In addition, the Special Representative participated in initiatives to promote South-South dialogue on child reintegration, such as the Third Global Conference on Child Labour organized by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which was convened in Brasilia in November 2013. At the conference, t he Special Representative encouraged participants to prioritize the issue of child soldiers; participated at a side event hosted by Luxembourg during the African Union open debate held in May 2014; and attended a ministerial round table on children and armed conflict at the Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict convened in London in June. The events provided the opportunity to generate discussions between countries that have undergone similar experiences in child disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, and allowed participants to share experience and lessons learned. The Special Representative will continue to build upon such positive initiatives that promote South-South networking around child reintegration. 63. The Special Representative is particularly pleased to note the efforts of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to increase access among refugees and internally displaced persons to education, even in the emergency phases of its operations. The UNHC R focus on access to education as a protection tool to prevent forced recruitment, sexual violence, child labour and early or forced marriages is a step in the right direction. With 51 million persons under its mandate, UNHCR has gone a long way, alongside host authorities, to ensure that education brings a brighter future for young people in difficult circumstances. 64. The elaboration of the post-2015 development agenda provides an additional opportunity to reflect on expertise and lessons learned from de cades of reintegration programmes. The Special Representative is convinced that best practices in respect 14/18 14-58528