Sustainable mountain development A/RES/74/227 mountain ecosystems, and encourages Member States and all relevant stakeholders to financially support it on a voluntary basis; 22. Encourages greater efforts by States, all relevant stakeholders and the international community towards the conservation of mountain ecosystems and the enhancement of the well-being of their local populations, including by promoting investment in infrastructure in mountain areas, such as transport and information and communications technologies, and supporting education, extension and capacitybuilding programmes, especially among local mountain communities and other relevant stakeholders, taking into account the extent of the current challenges that they face and bearing in mind the increased economic, social and environmental costs that inaction might represent for countries and societies; 23. Underlines the fact that action at the national level is a key factor in achieving progress in sustainable mountain development, welcomes its steady increase in recent years with a multitude of events, activities and initiatives, and invites the international community to support the efforts of developing countries to develop and implement strategies and programmes, including, where required, enabling policies and laws for the sustainable development of mountains, within the framework of national sustainable development plans, including by building and strengthening institutional capacities, as appropriate; 24. Encourages the further undertaking of multi-stakeholder and transboundary initiatives at the national, regional and global levels, where appropriate, such as those supported by all relevant international and regional organizations, to enhance sustainable development in mountain regions, and notes in this regard the numerous initiatives undertaken, including the fifth global meeting of the Mountain Partnership, held in Rome from 11 to 13 December 2017, the fourth World Mountain Forum, held in Bishkek from 23 to 26 Oct ober 2018 and the High Mountain Summit, held in Geneva from 29 to 31 October 2019; 25. Encourages Member States and all relevant stakeholders to consider, as appropriate, mountain-related issues in the processes of United Nations conventions and other relevant global forums, including the process related to a post -2020 global biodiversity framework; 26. Encourages Member States to promote ecosystem-based adaptation, bearing in mind the guidelines adopted by the fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, in 2018, and climate -smart wildlife conservation as tools for reducing impacts on communities and species, and welcomes the efforts of partners such as the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the Mountain Institute in promoting ecosystem-based adaptation in mountain regions; 27. Encourages all relevant entities of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, to further enhance their constructive efforts to strengthen inter-agency collaboration to promote sustainable mountain development; 28. Recognizes that mountain ranges are usually shared among several countries, and in this context encourages transboundary cooperation approaches where the States concerned agree to the sustainable development of mountain ranges and information-sharing in this regard; 29. Notes with appreciation, of the Alps 15 and the Framework Development of the Carpathians, Sustainable Agriculture and Rural in this context, the Convention on the Protection Convention on the Protection and Sustainable and the recent adoption of the Protocol on Development and the entry into force of the __________________ 15 19-22499 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1917, No. 32724. 7/8