creation of vocational training and apprenticeship programmes and the integration of working children into the formal education system, as well as to examine and devise economic policies, where necessary, in cooperation with the international community, that address factors contributing to these forms of child labour; 34. Also urges all States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying and implementing the Convention concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour (No. 182) and the Convention concerning the minimum age for employment (No. 138) of the International Labour Organization and calls upon States parties to these instruments to comply in a timely manner with their reporting obligations; Children alleged to have or recognized as having infringed penal law 35. Calls upon: (a) All States, in particular States in which the death penalty has not been abolished, to comply with their obligations as assumed under relevant provisions of international human rights instruments, including in particular articles 37 and 40 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and articles 6 and 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, keeping in mind the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty and guarantees set out in Economic and Social Council resolutions 1984/50 of 25 May 1984 and 1989/64 of 24 May 1989; and calls upon those States to abolish by law as soon as possible the death penalty for those aged under 18 at the time of the commission of the offence; (b) All States to protect children deprived of their liberty from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; (c) All States to take appropriate steps to ensure compliance with the principle that depriving children of their liberty should be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, in particular before trial, and to ensure that, if they are arrested, detained or imprisoned, children are provided with adequate legal assistance and are separated from adults, to the greatest extent feasible, unless it is considered in their best interest not to do so, and also to take appropriate steps to ensure that no child in detention is sentenced to forced labour, corporal punishment, or deprived of access to and provision of healthcare services, hygiene and environmental sanitation, education, basic instruction and vocational training, taking into consideration the special needs of children with disabilities in detention, in accordance with their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child; V. PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF THE SALE OF CHILDREN, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 36. Calls upon all States: (a) To take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures, inter alia to develop national laws and allocate resources for the development of long-term policies, programmes and practices and to collect comprehensive and disaggregated gender-specific data, to facilitate the participation of child victims of page 10