A/70/334 internal displacement, distilling years of lessons learned and good practices. These include a manual for law- and policymakers 4 and a guide on the development of national instruments 5 published by the Brooking Institution and a handbook on internal displacement for parliamentarians issued by the Inter -Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the Office of the United Nations High Commi ssioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 6 30. Over 25 countries so far have adopted specific national instruments on internal displacement. National instruments such as legal and policy frameworks are essential tools for strengthening domestic responses to internal displacem ent and establishing in law a set of common principles and guidance for all stakeholders, including internally displaced persons themselves, whose rights should be clearly articulated. As stated in National Instruments on Internal Displacement: “If properly implemented, a coherent national instrument that clearly allocates responsibilities within the government can build trust and confidence in its actions. ” 31. Not only must legal and policy frameworks be put in place, but they must be appropriately resourced and implemented in practice. Following his official visit to Iraq in May 2015, the Special Rapporteur highlighted the fact that the valuable Iraqi National Policy on Displacement, formulated by the Ministry of Displacement and Migration in 2008 with national and international partners, was not being implemented in practice and did not currently represent an effective basis for government action. He noted that government responses were consequently ad hoc and that it was vital to update the existing policy and to implement it nationally, with budgets in place and with more effective governance and response structures and institutions to help guide and regulate government action at the national and regional levels. 32. National instruments are critical in guaranteeing effective cooperation and coordination between all stakeholders. National instruments facilitate tailored responses to specific displacement contexts by setting out the State ’s priorities and activities in support of internally displaced persons and laying out the roles and responsibilities of each ministry or agency with a sectoral interest in internally displaced persons. National instruments should fully incorporate the Guiding Principles and regional instruments to which the country is a p arty, such as the Kampala Convention, while tailoring them to fit the national and local situation. 33. Following his visit to Ukraine in September 2014, several provincial governments and civil society organizations involved in the response to the displacement crisis caused by conflict in Eastern Ukraine expressed concern that the lack of a law and policy on internal displacement was seriously hampering their responses. A law would clarify the rights of internally displaced persons, establish institutional responsibility, inform policy and programming decisions and, crucially, provide a legal basis for provision of funds at the national and regional levels. The __________________ 4 5 6 10/26 Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, Protecting Internally Displaced Persons: A Manual for Law and Policymakers (Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 2008). Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Norwegian Refugee Council and Brookings Institution-London School of Economics Project on Internal Displacement, National Instruments on Internal Displacement: A Guide to their Development (Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 2013). Internal Displacement: Responsibility and Action, Handbook for Parliamentarians No. 20 (Geneva, 2013). 15-12504