A/HRC/28/55 natural curiosity and sense of innovation, initiatives should tap into their resourcefulness and enhance their resilience. 89. Guided by children’s evolving capacities, it is equally important to support a positive, caring, digitally-informed and protective family environment, with access to relevant child-friendly information and services, including on how to report online abuse. Strategies to enhance children’s resilience online include:28 • Open communication with children, both at home and at school, about issues concerning the online environment; • Opportunities for children to learn how to use online coping strategies, such as deleting messages, blocking contacts and reporting providers of inappropriate content, from an early age; • Appropriate support for children to tackle their psychological problems and build self-confidence, especially for vulnerable children; • Parental Internet access and use, which both cultivates the confidence of parents and caregivers and enhances their ability to provide guidance to children; • Positive attitudes about online safety and proactive coping strategies among peer groups; • Support for children’s Internet use and safety by schools and teachers, both technical support and assistance in developing problem-solving strategies; • Action by parents to address online risk, including monitoring and mediation, rather than simply restricting children’s Internet use. Supporting parents and caregivers 90. Technological advances have been so rapid that parents and caregivers often struggle to keep up with developments, and to detect and respond to online risks. 91. Informed and engaged parents and caregivers who support and advise children on their access to the Internet and their use of ICTs create opportunities for a safer online experience. Taking time to surf cyberspace together, to guide and reassure their children, and to provide age-appropriate rules about online conduct, are crucial dimensions of that process. 92. Parents’ and caregivers’ own digital literacy is a key factor. They need support and advice to reduce their anxiety and to gain an understanding of the online world and of how children operate in that environment, the risks they might encounter, the harm that can potentially ensue and, crucially, the most effective ways to cope and develop their children’s resilience. 28 Sonia Livingstone, Leslie Haddon, Anke Görzig and Kjartan Ólafsson, Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children (London, LSE: EU Kids Online, 2010). 15