Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/70/235 heavy metals and nitrogen-based compounds, from a number of marine and landbased sources, including shipping and land run-off, and that States committed to take action to reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, including through the effective implementation of relevant conventions adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organization, and the follow-up of relevant initiatives such as the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 77 as well as the adoption of coordinated strategies to this end, and that they further com mitted to take action, by 2025, based on collected scientific data, to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 171. Encourages States, in accordance with the commitment expressed in “The future we want” and based on collected scientific data, to take action by 2025 to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 172. Notes the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, notes with concern its recent findings on the acidification of oceans and the impact thereon, as well as the findings of the World Meteorological Organization contained in its annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, and in this regard encourages States and competent international organizations and other relevant institutions, individually and in cooperation, to urgently pursue further research on ocean acidification, especially programmes of observation and measurement, noting in particular the continued work under the Convention on Biological Diversity 78 and paragraphs 6 to 10 of decision XII/23 on marine and coastal biodiversity, adopted at the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Conve ntion on Biological Diversity, held in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, from 6 to 17 October 2014, 79 and to increase national, regional and global efforts to address levels of ocean acidity and the negative impact of such acidity on vulnerable marine ecosyst ems, particularly coral reefs; 173. Expresses concern, in this regard, at the recent findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the acidification of the oceans and the substantial risks to marine ecosystems, especially polar ecosystems a nd coral reefs, and the potentially detrimental consequences for fisheries and livelihoods; 174. Recalls that in “The future we want”, States called for support for initiatives that address ocean acidification and the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems and resources and, in this regard, reiterated the need to work collectively to prevent further ocean acidification, as well as to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems and of the communities whose livelihoods depend on them, and to support marine scientific research, monitoring and observation of ocean acidification and particularly vulnerable ecosystems, including through enhanced international cooperation in this regard; 175. Welcomes, in this regard, the holding in Monaco, from 12 to 14 January 2015, of the third International Workshop on the Socioeconomic Impacts of Ocean Acidification, on the theme “Bridging the gap between ocean acidification and economic valuation”, organized by the Scientific Centre of Monaco and the Ocea n _______________ 77 A/51/116, annex II. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619. 79 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/12/29, Sect. I. 78 31/53