A/71/282 naturally fortified foods, may turn out to be another “technical fix” for the problem of hidden hunger. 33 36. Such initiatives are particularly concerning because the private sector can advocate food supplements so effectively. 34 For example, commercialization of such products as ready-to-use-therapeutic foods, branded with the logos of transnational companies, may also increase consumers’ brand loyalty to a company’s unhealthy soft drinks and snack foods. 33 Furthermore, many businesses involved in fortified products are the same multinationals violating the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. 37. Nevertheless, fortification initiatives do make an important contribution to efforts to achieve food and nutrition security, provided they form part of a comprehensive strategy that addresses the social, economic and cultural determinants of food systems. Such solutions must always be critically evaluated and narrowly implemented to ensure that they are used only to provide temporary relief and do not replace long-term solutions, such as diversification of agriculture, or interfere with local production systems. 35 III. Global nutrition governance 38. To respond to universal malnutrition challenges, a coordinated multisectoral policy response is needed at every level. This requires dialogue between all relevant sectors and actors, including nutritionists, development actors, civil society, donors, the private sector and government officials. Furthermore, it is important to establish accountability mechanisms to assess planning, budgeting and the results of nutrition-related interventions. 36 39. It is also critical to address malnutrition in all its forms as one issue to avoid policy fragmentation. In a recent study among 139 low- and middle-income countries for example, only 39.6 per cent had nutrition policies that addressed all forms of malnutrition, despite facing the effects of a “nutrition transition”. 37 40. At the height of the food price crises in 2008, it was suggested that global governance of nutrition was dysfunctional. 38 Since then, significant initiatives have been undertaken at the global level. Examples include the Scaling Up Nutrition movement and two major campaigns of the Secretary-General: “Every woman, every child” and the Zero Hunger Challenge. __________________ 34 35 36 37 38 16-13441 Flavio Luiz Schieck Valente, “The corporate capture of food and nutrition governance: a threat to human rights and peoples’ sovereignty”, in Right to Food and Nutrition Watch 2015: Peoples’ Nutrition Is Not a Business (2015), pp. 17-18. Andrew Jones and Gebisa Ejeta, “A new global agenda for nutrition and health: the importance of agriculture and food systems”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 94, No. 3 (March 2016). Second International Conference on Nutrition, Chairs’ summary of round table 3 (Governance and accountability for nutrition). Bruno F. Sunguya and others, “Strong nutrition governance is a key to addressing nutrition transition in low- and middle-income countries: review of countries’ nutrition policies”, Nutrition Journal, vol. 13, June 2014. The Lancet Global Health, “The international nutrition system: fragmented, dysfunctional and desperately in need of reform”, press release, 16 January 2008. 11/24