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Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956, the protection of the right is extended to include "institutions and practices similar to slavery", i.e. debt bondage, serfdom, servile marriage and delivering a child for exploitation. Child economic exploitation and child hazardous labour are further prohibited in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (art. 10 (3)) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (art. 32). In the International Labour Organization (ILO) Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), the elimination of the worst forms of child labour is called for, which are defined as including all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage, serfdom and forced or compulsory labour as well as hazardous work (art. 3).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In 2014, the draft Business Supply Chain Transparency on Trafficking and Slavery Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States Congress. The Act, not yet adopted, contains, inter alia, reporting requirements for businesses relating to the disclosure of conditions amounting to forced labour, slavery, human trafficking and the worst forms of child labour in supply chains. At the time of writing the present report, a draft law on business human rights due diligence in supply chains was pending before the Senate in France, after having been adopted by the National Assembly in the first reading in March 2015.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- According to ILO data from 2012, 5.5 million of the 20.9 million of persons in forced labour are children and an estimated 5-15 per cent of those are working in supply chains, with the figure significantly higher if domestic supply chains are also taken into account. The lowest tiers in the informal economy are particularly at risk of involving the worst forms of child labour. In 2012, the number of children involved in hazardous work that directly endangers their health, safety and moral development, often understood as a proxy for the worst forms of child labour, was said to be 85 million in absolute terms. While reliable data on those sectors most susceptible to using such work are difficult to obtain, cases of the worst forms of child labour were found in sectors that correspond to those with a high risk of contemporary forms of slavery occurring in supply chains, including agriculture (i.e., farming of raw materials such as sugar, cotton, cocoa and tobacco), construction, mining and quarrying, and garments and textiles.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 24/3, the newly appointed Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, will examine and report on all contemporary forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, in particular those defined in the Slavery Convention of 1926 and the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery of 1956, as well as all other issues covered previously by the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery. She will also continue to promote the effective implementation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) and the 2014 Protocol thereto, as well as ILO Convention No. 189 (2011) and Recommendation No. 201 concerning decent work for domestic workers, which represent a significant advance in the international legal framework protecting the rights of domestic workers, including the right to education for child domestic workers.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Given the complexity and span of supply chains, identifying and eradicating contemporary forms of slavery can be successful only if sustainable and effective multi-stakeholder partnerships and initiatives involving the authorities, businesses, trade unions, consumers and other stakeholders, each acting from their own areas of expertise to enforce mutually agreed goals, are formed. Such initiatives are frequently international in scope, given the breadth of transnational operations. Some focus on a single sector, industry or commodity, while others are cross-sectoral. Others focus on a single issue like child or forced labour, while many typically address a cross-section of labour and human rights issues alongside the environment and general principles of ethical business.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- At the United States federal level, under the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, the Department of Labor's Bureau of International Labour Affairs is mandated to, inter alia, create and maintain a List of Goods Produced with Child Labor or Forced Labor. In addition, a list of products using forced or indentured child labour is also produced by the Bureau of International Labour Affairs and intended to ensure that United States federal agencies do not procure goods made by this labour. Under the Trade and Development Act of 2000, the Secretary of Labor is mandated to issue beneficiary country initiatives to implement their international commitments to eliminate the worst forms of child labour. These transparency initiatives primarily provide information for government procurement but also assist investors and consumers.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The United States Tariff Act of 1930 is also relevant to supply chains and goods produced using forced labour. In section 1307 of the Tariff Act, the import of goods produced with prison labour and forced labour is specifically prohibited: "All goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions shall not be entitled to entry at any of the ports of the United States, and the importation thereof is hereby prohibited". The terms forced labour or/and indentured labour include forced or indentured child labour.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Another key area of focus of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, is child and forced marriage. The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery obligates Member States to take all "practicable and necessary legislative and other measures to bring about progressively and as soon as possible the complete abolition or abandonment" of, inter alia, any institution or practice which amounts to forced marriage, such as when a woman, without the right to refuse, is promised or given in marriage on payment to her parents, guardians, family or another person or group; when a husband, his family or his clan transfers his wife to another person for value received or for any other reason; or the inheriting by another person of a woman on the death of her husband (see art. 1). Early and forced marriage can, under certain circumstances, constitute servile marriage or result in domestic servitude or other forms of slavery. The previous mandate holder drew links between child marriage and slavery, and pointed out that Member States were obliged to prohibit and eliminate slavery as a non-derogable and fundamental principle of international law. Child marriage is linked to the thematic issues of trafficking for forced labour, commercial sexual exploitation, migration and contemporary forms of slavery, which reinforces the need for cooperation among the respective mandate holders as part of a comprehensive multi-agency and multi-stakeholder effort to eradicate those practices from society, as women and girls in child and forced marriages may experience conditions within the marriage that meet "international legal definitions of slavery and slavery-like practices", including forced labour. Furthermore, "a potentially high proportion of child marriage cases appear to constitute the worst forms of child labour under the 1999 ILO Convention No. 182."
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In that regard, the Special Rapporteur will follow up on the key recommendations made by her predecessor for the elimination of all forms of domestic servitude. In her report to the Human Rights Council at its fifteenth session (A/HRC/15/20), the previous Special Rapporteur addressed the root causes of domestic servitude and its impact on women and children and made concrete recommendations for the monitoring and enforcement of labour standards. Besides the implementation of existing recommendations, which remains a key challenge, more research, notably qualitative reporting and situational analysis, is required on the often invisible workers in domestic servitude, including their existence in developed economies, which is often obscured.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Children find it especially difficult to extract themselves from situations of domestic servitude. The relationship between the employer and child usually starts out seemingly well before exploitation and abuse become obvious. Consequently, the children feel that they are in the wrong and stay for fear of 'failing' their families. Children who have been sexually abused find it difficult to leave because of the shame of 'being spoiled' and when they do leave, are afraid to go back to their families and end up in the streets. Child domestic workers who migrated or were trafficked long distances often face financial, language and cultural barriers preventing their return home.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Children in domestic work will very often drop out of school because of their circumstances or the demands of their employer. This adds to their vulnerability to exploitation.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Small-scale mining and quarrying occurs in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. As a result of the remoteness of mines and quarries and their informal and illegal nature, it is hard to provide exact statistics on the number of children working in this sector. Additionally, as in many other instances of contemporary forms of slavery, the victims are not visible. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that there are at least 1 million children working in mining and quarrying whereas, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates that there are 1-2 million children working in artisanal small-scale mining alone. Although estimates of the number of children working in this sector may vary, what is clear is that the numbers are likely to increase as a result of higher prices and demand for minerals from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and emerging economies.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights has also considered children working in mines and quarries in countries such as China (E/C.12/1/Add.107, para. 23) and Zambia (E/C.12/1/Add.106, para. 25). Most recently, it considered mining in Madagascar. The Committee recommended that the State party: reinforce the legal framework to combat child labour and adopt all the necessary legal and judicial measures to eradicate this phenomenon; support and reinforce the role of the family as an essential element for the protection of children and combat against child labour; and take all necessary measures to implement effectively all policies against child labour, including through awareness-raising campaigns for the public on protection of children, strengthen preventive measures, and prosecute and punish those who are responsible (see E/C.12/MDG/CO/2).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Children often start performing the same tasks as adults more regularly and full time from the age of 12 years (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.1). By the time they are adolescents, children work in the actual extraction of minerals underground, underwater or on the surface. These children are also likely to work in the separation, processing and transportation of the minerals. The children face the same risks as adults but lack the same strength and judgement to protect themselves from harm. The effects that this work has on children are much more severe than for adults because of their anatomical, physiological and psychological development, which places them in a situation of increased vulnerability. Tools and safety equipment, when available, have been designed for adults and to correspond to the measurement of children. Children also work very long hours with little or no pay.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Although the victims are largely invisible, domestic servitude constitutes a global human rights concern. Every region in the world is affected. Domestic servitude takes many shape and forms, ranging from slavery as understood by the 1926 Slavery Convention to slavery-like practices, such as bonded domestic labour and child domestic labour. Millions of women and girls, pursuing the opportunities that domestic work provides, while providing a valuable contribution to society, are at risk because their rights, equal human dignity and autonomy are not adequately protected.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- There are a number of legal limitations that present challenges in protecting individuals from becoming the victims of contemporary forms of slavery. First, some countries have failed to ratify the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, including El Salvador, Liberia and Peru. In other cases, many countries that have ratified the Convention have not brought their domestic legislation into line with international standards. Still other countries also fail to explicitly define, prohibit or sanction specific forms of slavery, making it difficult to prosecute such cases. In Colombia, for example, the law does not specify sanctions for forced labour, except in cases involving trafficking in persons, while in Philippines, labour experts have noted that many laws prohibiting contemporary forms of slavery only cover children, victims of trafficking and victims of forced labour subjected to violence or debt bondage.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- It has also been reported that indigenous peoples in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are subjected to practices similar to slavery, including debt bondage, by the Bantu majority. Indigenous peoples are often trapped in debt bondage by Bantu "masters" who often sell them goods such as clothes, food and medicine at inflated prices and add exorbitant rates of interest if the goods are not paid for on time and who demand their work in return. It is also a common practice for the Bantu to create new debts in order to sustain the exploitation of bonded labourers. For example, it has been reported that they provide food to indigenous children and then add inflated costs to the debts of parents.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Zimbabwe have been identified as being home to adults and children who are subjected to debt bondage or trafficking while working in the mining sector. Forced labour in the mining sector has been reported to involve multinational corporations that work on the extraction of precious metals or minerals. In the Kivu provinces in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, debt bondage has been reported as one of the most common forms of contemporary slavery in mines. Workers contract debts to purchase food, supplies and working tools when they start working and continue to accrue debt in order to meet their basic needs. Most of the workers in debt bondage in North Kivu province come from other eastern provinces.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- In the western and central parts of Tamil Nadu, a high number of adolescent girls reportedly work as bonded labourers under the sumangali scheme in textile mills and garment factories, which is a major hub in the global knitwear sector that supplies international brands. The majority of these workers are reported to belong to Dalit communities and are aged between 14 and 18 years. Debt bondage is also reported in power loom workshops located in the Tiruppur region of Tamil Nadu, which produce woven cloth both for domestic manufacturers and for global suppliers. Those affected by debt bondage in this region are reported to include members of Dalit communities and other poor communities and to include both men and women. Furthermore, some non-agricultural industries in which debt bondage among children is reported to exist include carpet weaving, beedi making, silk production, silk sari production, the brick kilns and stone quarries.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Women are also more often in charge of children, which adds pressure on them to work and provide for their households. Owing to the need to work, women may be financially obliged to remain in undesirable jobs and thus forced to endure less than ideal working conditions. In many countries, women are also at a disadvantage due to cultural traditions. Finally, women and girls are often denied equal access to education, which makes them less attractive in the labour market and fuels the cycle of poverty and vulnerability to slavery.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The root causes, manifestations and aggravating factors of child slavery in the mining and quarrying sector sometimes occur individually (like in the case of forced labour and debt bondage), or when coupled with, for instance, poverty and the informality and illegality of the sector, or when combined together. This section describes each of these factors and how they cause and keep a child in contemporary forms of slavery, whereby the child is treated merely as a commodity and experiences coercion, fear, restriction of movement and complete dependence on the employer.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, unregulated artisanal mines and quarries pose serious medium- and long-term risks to food security and the environment. They are the cause of rapid deforestation, destruction of landscape, soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Water, soil and air contamination occur as a result of: cyanide and mercury poisoning; direct dumping of tailings and effluents into rivers; river siltation; and river damage in alluvial areas. Children drinking, cooking and washing in contaminated water face immediate and long-term risks to their health.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Servile marriage 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In its general comment No. 4, the Committee on the Rights of the Child strongly urges States parties to develop and implement legislation aimed at changing prevailing attitudes, and address gender roles and stereotypes that contribute to harmful traditional practices. It also calls upon States parties to protect adolescents from all harmful traditional practices, such as early marriage, and recommends that they review and, where necessary, reform their legislation and practice to increase the minimum age for marriage with and without parental consent to 18 years, for both girls and boys.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- While this is most obvious with regard to the enduring patterns of domestic slavery, most domestic workers will be confronted one way or another with discrimination. During the course of her missions to Ecuador (A/HRC/15/20/Add.3) and Brazil (A/HRC/15/20/Add.4), the Special Rapporteur noted that girls of Afro-descent were far more likely to end up in domestic servitude than more light-skinned Brazilians. A study found that 69 per cent of children in domestic work in Brazil classified themselves as "black", compared to 31 per cent who considered themselves "white".
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Governments should establish effective and accessible information and complaints mechanisms for victims such as an ombudsperson for children and allow for third parties to bring forward cases on behalf of children who have been victims of slavery. Governments should also provide victims of child slavery with adequate and unconditional assistance for their protection, rehabilitation and reintegration, including by funding and/or working with relevant international and NGOs.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The exploitation of children in domestic work can amount to domestic servitude. The 1956 Supplementary Convention on Slavery specifically outlaws "any institution or practice whereby a child or young person under the age of 18 years, is delivered by either or both of his natural parents or by his guardian to another person, whether for reward or not, with a view to the exploitation of the child or young person or of his labour" (art. 1 (d)).
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In quarries, children dig out stones, transport them on their heads and backs and spend long hours crushing stones into smaller pieces to be used in the construction industry. In the coal-mining sector, some children start working from the age of 4 but the majority of child workers start between the ages of 12 and 14. The majority of these children, accompanied or unaccompanied, work between 7 and 9 hours a day.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Servile marriage 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The leading cause of servile marriage is gender inequality, where girls and women are perceived, because of cultural or religious beliefs, to be commodities unable to make proper decisions about who and when to marry. Girls and women are forced to become brides because it is easier to control them and, in the case of girls, their virginity can be guaranteed and they have longer reproductive periods in which to produce more children.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- To conclude, the nature and effects of child slavery in this sector on the health and education of children, as well as the violations of their rights to play and have recreational activities, limits their ability to fully develop their physical, intellectual and emotional capacities.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Servile marriage 2012, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- In many countries with a legal minimum age for marriage, there are also exceptions for girls below that age. Where exceptions exist, rigorous procedures must be put in place to ensure that the marriage is in the child's best interests. Private and public institutions must be required to systematically consider how children's rights and interests are affected by their decisions and actions.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Girls
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo