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Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, the Special Rapporteur pays particular attention to the situation of migrant workers employed in low-skilled and informal work as well as undocumented migrants, not only because their housing situation is of grave concern, but also because they represent the largest proportion of migrants worldwide, and thus their human rights situation is regrettably replicated across the globe. The situation of migrant workers belonging to minority groups and migrant women and children is also explored, in the light of the multiple forms of exclusion these vulnerable groups experience. Before referring to the challenges faced by migrants in their right to adequate housing and the public policies affecting them, the report analyses the legal framework applicable to migrants regarding their access to adequate housing and evokes the importance of the principle of equality and non-discrimination in this context.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- General recommendation No. 30 of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination calls on States to remove obstacles that prevent the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing to non-citizens and to guarantee them equal enjoyment of this right with citizens. In particular, the Committee requests States to guarantee the equal enjoyment of the right to adequate housing for citizens and non citizens as well as to avoid segregation in housing and ensure that housing agencies refrain from engaging in discriminatory practices. In its decision on F.A. v. Norway (see A/56/18, annex III), after learning that housing advertisements in Norway contained requirements such as "non-foreigners desired", the Committee urged the State to adopt measures to ensure that housing agencies refrain from discriminatory practices and to guarantee to citizens and non-citizens the right to adequate housing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The way in which the status and rights of migrants are recognized determines their degree of integration in the country of destination. Legal and administrative restrictions imposed in the field of housing affect the living conditions of migrants and prevent them from living a dignified life, fully integrated into the community that hosts them. Patterns of discrimination and segregation are witnessed in cities across the world, where migrants are excluded from the essential structures and interactions that constitute urban life. Moreover, the present tendency towards migration is one of greater controls, physical barriers and the pursuit of migrants' invisibility.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The effective monitoring of the housing situation is an immediate obligation of States. Governments should take the measures necessary to ascertain the full extent of homelessness and inadequate housing within their jurisdiction. The indicators used to assess the housing situation must be disaggregated on the basis of the prohibited grounds of discrimination, including national origin (and citizenship), so as to ensure an accurate description of the housing and living conditions of particularly vulnerable groups, such as migrants. Housing strategies should assess the needs of migrants through periodic housing surveys and monitor housing indicators related to equal opportunity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Besides globalization, two recent phenomena affect global migration patterns. As expressed in the annual report of the Special Rapporteur to the General Assembly in 2009 (A/64/255), climate change is a factor influencing migration. As a consequence of environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources and natural disasters, many people around the world find their lives and health threatened, their houses and land destroyed and their sources of livelihood taken away. Affected populations are then forced to migrate to other regions within their countries or to other countries. Migrants may leave voluntarily in search of better lives or may be forcibly evacuated during disasters.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Article 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination sets out the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour or national or ethnic origin, to equality in the enjoyment of the right to housing. Article 43 of the International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families requires States to ensure the same treatment regarding access of documented migrants to housing as is afforded to nationals, including social housing schemes and protection against exploitation in respect of rent. Moreover, article 64 requires States to promote sound, equitable and humane conditions in connection with international migration and to pay due regard not only to labour needs and resources, but also to the social, economic, cultural and other needs of migrant workers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 64.3
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] The tenure rights of "non-formal owners", namely those without individual, formally registered, property ownership, should be honoured: For those with insecure tenure, measures should aim at strengthening their security of tenure, for instance by granting rights to housing or land at places of origin, either immediately or in incremental stages. When restitution or return is not desirable for the affected persons or is not possible owing to land having disappeared or to compelling safety reasons that prevent the return, alternative housing or land should be granted at another location.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The growing number of international migrants can be considered a by-product of globalization. As a result of the declining cost of transportation, reduced barriers to trade and business and increased awareness of opportunities through the mass media and communications technologies, migration patterns have undergone a profound transformation in terms of intensification and geographical diversification. However, while international flows of capital and goods find few restrictions in the globalized world, a number of obstacles and requirements constrain international migration. In recent decades, the world has witnessed an increase in government-imposed barriers to movement, especially for low-skilled migrants. Restrictions on migration are found in regulations on entering or staying in a host or transit country and can both directly and indirectly affect a migrant's access to housing. Nonetheless, evidence has shown that while such policies are ineffective in reducing the number of migrants, they certainly contribute to their vulnerability.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Newly developed building programmes in Serbia also led to the forced eviction of hundreds of Roma. In 2009 more than 100 Roma families living under the Gazela Bridge in Belgrade (many of whom were migrants from Kosovo and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as well as from southern Serbia) were evicted and accommodated in metal containers on the outskirts of the city or in remote areas in the southern part of the country. The containers were overcrowded and cold and lacked proper access to water and sanitation. The evictions were part of a project for reconstructing and rehabilitating the Bridge, financed by the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on the condition that the affected people would be supplied with alternative housing and that international safeguards would be respected (A/HRC/13/20/Add.1, para. 75).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, local governments have established programmes to assist low-income migrant families in paying their rents, obtaining a house or doing maintenance work on their residences and to give both documented and undocumented migrants access to social policies. As a result, migrant families have equal opportunities to enjoy adequate housing and living conditions. Since migrants often represent a significant proportion of the poor, non-restrictive policies addressed to the entire low-income population can have a real impact on the living conditions of migrants. In Spain, the municipalities of Salamanca and Valladolid provide financial assistance to low-income populations, including migrants, to rent their homes. Similarly, in Catalonia, the provincial immigration office, the Fundación Caixa Catalunya and a network of non-governmental organizations assist in the provision of housing for documented and undocumented migrants, as well as for asylum-seekers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In France, the Government ordered 300 illegal camps of travellers and Roma to be dismantled and the undocumented migrants residing there to be deported. The Government indicated that new legislation would be drafted before the end of 2010 that would make it easier to expel illegal Roma travellers "for reasons of public order". There are hundreds of thousands of Roma and travellers living in France. Some of them are part of long-established communities, while others are recent immigrants, mostly from Romania and Bulgaria. Travellers from those countries have the right to enter France without a visa, but must have work or residency permits to settle in the long term.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The housing situation of children is directly connected to the status of their migrant parents. When parents, and especially migrant single mothers, have no access to employment, social benefits or other sources of livelihood in the host country, children may end up living in substandard conditions or being homeless alongside their parents. On many occasions, migrant women heads of families, sometimes in charge of several children, have had great difficulty in finding employment and caring for their children, finding reduced opportunities to provide adequate shelter and essential food.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- A good practice witnessed in certain cities entails the involvement of migrants in local decision-making processes concerning urban planning and city projects affecting their neighbourhoods or areas of residence. Such approaches not only guarantee that the needs of migrants are taken into consideration when urban strategies are decided, but also foster a sense of the integration of those groups into their local communities. In Vancouver, Canada, the City Plan Initiative, undertaken from 1993 to 1995, entailed the participation of 20,000 people, including diverse cultural communities and migrant groups in the city-planning process, which subsequently became the City Plan Neighbourhood Visions process.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In Honduras, in the wake of Hurricane Mitch in 1998, the groups disproportionately affected included poor women, peasants and indigenous groups, many of whom had been living under insecure tenure conditions and in vulnerable areas exposed to strong winds, flooding and landslides (see A/HRC/16/42, para. 32). In Colombia, the floods throughout 2010 and into 2011 were said to have disproportionately affected those already displaced by conflict, particularly indigenous and Afro-Colombians, who tended to live in remote areas subject to violence from armed groups.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Integrating the right to adequate housing into disaster response has broad implications. In practice, however, comprehension of the right to adequate housing and its application to disaster response has been limited to only some aspects of the right, most notably linked to physical structures and individual property ownership. In some cases, reconstruction and recovery efforts - by omission or commission - have had a detrimental impact on victims of disasters and their enjoyment of the right to adequate housing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- A rapid assessment and analysis of pre-existing tenure and property rights systems should be conducted in the immediate aftermath of a disaster or conflict. The aims of this assessment should be: (1) to guide on urgent steps to be taken to protect the right to adequate housing and tenure security of all, but particularly the poorer and marginalized members of society; (2) to identify areas of opportunity where, with the presence and support of bilateral and multilateral international agencies, opportunities could arise for improvement and innovation (for example securing of previously unavailable housing-related rights and entitlements for women); (3) to identify and warn against risk areas where poorly informed actions would result in further housing rights violations. This rapid assessment should be an essential step towards the formulation of a more detailed and comprehensive land management, allocation and registration strategy for sustainable rehabilitation and reconstruction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- However, existing guidance with respect to disaster situations has given little attention to the right to adequate housing. When reference to the right is made it is limited, with the right narrowed down to the need to provide shelter, housing or to aspects related to protection. The few attempts to discuss the right in a more comprehensive manner have remained at the level of an individual organization's guidance and not in the form of authoritative policies of broad application. Equally, United Nations human rights mechanisms have, with notable exceptions, not addressed the specificities of disaster situations and their impacts on the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing or other human rights, remaining at the level of generalities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans in 2005, African Americans and poor people (with the two categories to a large extent blurred) bore the brunt of the devastation because, for the most part, they lived most often in the lower-lying, more flood-prone sections of the city. In addition large numbers of the metropolitan area's population (being generally poor) lacked the means to escape the flood. The particular impacts and costs of the hurricane were therefore intimately linked to pre existing social, economic and land use patterns, directly related to housing and urban planning policies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was seen by many as providing major opportunities for redevelopment, sometimes under the guise of public safety and disaster risk mitigation. In the tsunami's aftermath, zones prohibiting housing reconstruction along the coast (buffer zones) were in fact introduced in a number of countries affected by the tsunami; they ranged from 100 to 500 metres and, in some cases, if implemented fully, would have required the relocation of over 100,000 houses. The zones were purportedly declared to protect residents from future disasters. They also had major impacts on the livelihoods of residents, especially those who relied on the sea for a living.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Part of the problem is an as yet incomplete understanding of the concept of "Recovery" (in its defined two phases of "Early" and "Long-term") and of its programmatic implications in the course of humanitarian assistance. The earlier conceptualization of the transition from "relief" to "development" was not useful. The problem was that it attempted to establish a rigid sequential logic, which tended to overlook certain essential "non-humanitarian" actions that would need to commence from the very start of humanitarian assistance and carry through into the resumption of normal development processes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- [In preparing for reconstruction and development, all relevant parties and actors should acknowledge that housing has an inherent social value of vital importance for social stability, alleviation of poverty and development. Any response to the impacts of conflicts or disasters on the right to adequate housing should go beyond a focus on the damage, loss or destruction of shelter and infrastructure and should seek to address, inter alia:] The specific rights and concerns of women and other groups particularly vulnerable to discrimination;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- One of the most common housing subsidies in European countries (Germany and France) has been the contract-savings scheme. Savers who fulfil their contracts are eligible for mortgage loans at an interest rate that is below the market rate. Since the saving capacity of low-income groups is very limited, they are generally prevented from enjoying the advantages of this model. The favourable tax treatment of households that are related to homeownership, in the form of tax relief or tax credit for the mortgage repayment, tax advantages related to capital gains for owner-occupiers and reduced property tax or imputed tax, are also used in developed countries, emerging markets and countries in transition and favour the better-off households that can afford a mortgage loan. Mortgage interest-rate subsidies that reduce the interest paid by the borrower have been implemented in Denmark, the United States, Norway and Greece and in Mexico, Portugal, Croatia and Indonesia.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- In Eastern Europe, an aggravating factor has been the high rate of foreign currency-denomination loans in some of the countries in the region. In 2010, 42 per cent of mortgages in emerging Europe were denominated in a foreign currency. By the time the economic crisis hit, some two thirds of all mortgage loans in Hungary were in Swiss francs. With the onset of the crises, the value of the franc escalated against the Eastern European currencies. Homeowners suddenly found their repayments skyrocketing and in some cases saw the amount of their loans outstrip the value of their houses.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Despite substantial Government budgetary investment and specific targeting of low-income households, capital-grant subsidies have partially promoted only the affordability aspect of the right to adequate housing (by substantially reducing housing deficits in some developing countries), at the expense of the broader aspects of habitability, location, availability of services and infrastructure and non-discrimination, which have been largely ignored. As one commentator observed, the new stock of subsidized housing often created a greater housing problem: "the problem of those 'with roofs'".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Credit was increasingly awarded to households that, in normal circumstances, would not be eligible for loans, generating what is known as "sub-prime" loans. Although these lending policies were intended to enable access to housing finance for low-income households previously excluded from the mortgage markets, they are still in effect extremely discriminatory with respect to the poor. Mortgage lenders classify loan applicants according to the risks that they pose to both lenders and investors. Credit scoring facilitates risk-based pricing by allowing lenders to charge higher interest rates for borrowers with low scores (bad risks) and lower interest rates for borrowers with high scores (good risks). Lenders became more willing to issue credit at a relatively high price to higher-risk borrowers. In the United States, a typical sub-prime borrower would pay $5,222 more during the first four years of a $166,000 mortgage than would a similar borrower with a normal mortgage (see A/HRC/10/7).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- An even more serious concern was the fact that the NRS had to be implemented in the ongoing absence of a legal framework on land and property ownership and dispute resolution, in spite of many calls for action and proposals on establishing such a framework in order to bring certainty in a situation of profound tenure insecurity. Despite some commendable efforts to deal with the land tenure puzzle by a number of dedicated Timorese government officials and international advisors, visible progress towards such certainty only started during 2008. A "Decree on the Cadastre" was passed in July 2008, which authorized the restructured National Directorate for Land, Property and Cadastral Services and the Ita Nia Rai programme to undertake land tenure data collection around the country; and a draft Transitional Land Law was approved by the Council of Ministers on 10 March 2010 and as of September 2010 awaits consideration by Parliament.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The outcome was a situation of widespread tenure insecurity and tensions over land, property and housing during the period of transitional government under the United Nations and in the first years of the Government of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Timor Leste. In spite of urgent calls from 1999 onwards from a variety of actors, and the formulation of proposals by various agencies and Government units, the key tenure issues were never fully addressed. This failure is seen as one of the drivers of the violence that subsequently occurred in 2006-7, in the course of which 150,000 people (15 per cent of the total population of Timor-Leste) fled their land and homes; 65 IDP camps and transitional shelters were set up; secondary occupants inhabited many of the abandoned properties; an estimated 6,000 houses in Dili were destroyed or severely damaged; and in rural areas there were cases of entire villages being burned down.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Until the 1980s, slum dwellers and the urban poor had not been a market for financial services. As previously mentioned, the reasons were the inability of low- and even middle-income households to afford housing finance debt; the incompatibility of formal finance loan requirements (such as complex collateral and extended repayment capabilities) with the characteristics of low-income households (low level and irregularity of income and lack of security of tenure); and the fact that financial institutions perceived few incentives to lend to the poor, who usually "consume" small loan amounts and entail high transaction costs. As a result, low- and even middle-income households adopted "informal" finance strategies based on individual savings, family loans and remittances, or moneylenders or pawnbrokers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Housing microfinance institutions employ diversified and more relaxed collateral strategies compared with traditional mortgage collateral, including co-signers, assignment of future income, payroll deduction, other financial assets such as life insurance, and "social collateral" (borrowers' reputations, or the social networks to which they belong). Some microfinance agencies seek to minimize the need for collateral by using existing client history. Many home microfinance agencies, particularly in Asia and Africa, have savings requirements, which serve both as an assessment of the borrower's repayment capacity and as a means to acquire funds.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Having examined the impact of these policies in various regions of the world, it is the view of the Special Rapporteur that they have largely failed to promote access to adequate housing for the poor. Evidence indicates that housing policies based exclusively on facilitating access to credit for homeownership are incompatible with the full realization of the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty, failing to supply habitable, affordable and well-located housing solutions accessible to the poor.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo