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Political and public life 1997, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Under article 8, Governments are obliged to ensure the presence of women at all levels and in all areas of international affairs. This requires that they be included in economic and military matters, in both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy, and in official delegations to international and regional conferences.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers are also entitled to protection from discrimination on the basis of the Convention, which requires States parties to take all appropriate measures without delay to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and to ensure that they will be able to exercise and enjoy de jure and de facto rights on an equal basis with men in all fields.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women have explicit obligations to discourage and prohibit polygamy because it is contrary to the Convention. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also contends that polygamy has significant ramifications for the economic well-being of women and their children.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The policy must identify women within the jurisdiction of the State party (including non-citizen, migrant, refugee, asylum-seeking and stateless women) as the rights-bearers, with particular emphasis on the groups of women who are most marginalized and who may suffer from various forms of intersectional discrimination.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Article 9 of the Convention establishes that women enjoy the rights to acquire, change or retain their nationality and to confer their nationality on their children on an equal basis with men. The Committee has interpreted that this right also applies to spouses.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- States parties should guarantee equality between women and men in their constitutions and should eliminate any constitutional exemptions that would serve to protect or preserve discriminatory laws and practices with regard to family relations.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Many migrants have a precarious economic and legal status, which increases their vulnerability to all forms of violence, including harmful practices. Migrant women and children often do not have access to adequate services on an equal basis with citizens.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination against women is also compounded by intersecting forms of discrimination, as noted in general recommendation No. 28. Given that the Convention reflects a life-cycle approach, States parties are also required to address the rights and distinct needs of conflict-affected girls that arise from gender-based discrimination.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- The Committee, however, emphasizes that all categories of women migrants fall within the scope of the obligations of States parties to the Convention and must be protected against all forms of discrimination by the Convention.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Older women may not be eligible to claim family benefits if they are not the parent or legal guardian of children in their care.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A crucial element in guaranteeing that justice systems are economically accessible to women is the provision of free or low-cost legal aid, advice and representation in judicial and quasi-judicial processes in all fields of law.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- In addition to those made above, the Committee makes the recommendations to States parties set out below.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Highly qualified human resources, combined with adequate technical and financial resources, are essential to ensure the justiciability, availability, accessibility, good quality, provision of remedies for victims and accountability of justice systems.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Rural women often have only limited rights over land and natural resources. In many regions, they suffer from discrimination in relation to land rights, including with respect to communal lands, which are controlled largely by men.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- A fundamental challenge to the implementation of article 14 is a general lack of disaggregated data about the situation of rural women, which prevents the adequate monitoring and enforcement of their rights under the Convention.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes that many countries have critical shortages of trained police and legal and forensic staff capable of dealing with the requirements of criminal investigations.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other international human rights instruments and policy documents adopted in the United Nations system contain provisions on temporary special measures to support the achievement of equality. Such measures are described in different terminology, and the meaning and interpretation given to such measures also differs. It is the Committee's hope that the present general recommendation on article 4, paragraph 1, will contribute to a clarification of terminology.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Measures taken under article 4, paragraph 1, by States parties should aim to accelerate the equal participation of women in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. The Committee views the application of these measures not as an exception to the norm of non- discrimination, but rather as an emphasis that temporary special measures are part of a necessary strategy by States parties directed towards the achievement of de facto or substantive equality of women with men in the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. While the application of temporary special measures often remedies the effects of past discrimination against women, the obligation of States parties under the Convention to improve the position of women to one of de facto or substantive equality with men exists irrespective of any proof of past discrimination. The Committee considers that States parties that adopt and implement such measures under the Convention do not discriminate against men.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In the Committee's view, a purely formal legal or programmatic approach is not sufficient to achieve women's de facto equality with men, which the Committee interprets as substantive equality. In addition, the Convention requires that women be given an equal start and that they be empowered by an enabling environment to achieve equality of results. It is not enough to guarantee women treatment that is identical to that of men. Rather, biological as well as socially and culturally constructed differences between women and men must be taken into account. Under certain circumstances, non-identical treatment of women and men will be required in order to address such differences. Pursuit of the goal of substantive equality also calls for an effective strategy aimed at overcoming underrepresentation of women and a redistribution of resources and power between men and women.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- A woman's right to choose a spouse and enter freely into marriage is central to her life and to her dignity and equality as a human being. An examination of States parties' reports discloses that there are countries which, on the basis of custom, religious beliefs or the ethnic origins of particular groups of people, permit forced marriages or remarriages. Other countries allow a woman's marriage to be arranged for payment or preferment and in others women's poverty forces them to marry foreign nationals for financial security. Subject to reasonable restrictions based for example on a woman's youth or consanguinity with her partner, a woman's right to choose when, if, and whom she will marry must be protected and enforced at law.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- In most countries, a significant proportion of the women are single or divorced and many have the sole responsibility to support a family. Any discrimination in the division of property that rests on the premise that the man alone is responsible for the support of the women and children of his family and that he can and will honourably discharge this responsibility is clearly unrealistic. Consequently, any law or custom that grants men a right to a greater share of property at the end of a marriage or de facto relationship, or on the death of a relative, is discriminatory and will have a serious impact on a woman's practical ability to divorce her husband, to support herself or her family and to live in dignity as an independent person.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Violence against women 1992, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Compulsory sterilization or abortion adversely affects women's physical and mental health, and infringes the right of women to decide on the number and spacing of their children.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 1992
Párrafo
Political and public life 1997, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Article 7 obliges States parties to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in political and public life and to ensure that they enjoy equality with men in political and public life. The obligation specified in article 7 extends to all areas of public and political life and is not limited to those areas specified in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c). The political and public life of a country is a broad concept. It refers to the exercise of political power, in particular the exercise of legislative, judicial, executive and administrative powers. The term covers all aspects of public administration and the formulation and implementation of policy at the international, national, regional and local levels. The concept also includes many aspects of civil society, including public boards and local councils and the activities of organizations such as political parties, trade unions, professional or industry associations, women's organizations, community-based organizations and other organizations concerned with public and political life.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Political and public life 1997, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- No political system has conferred on women both the right to and the benefit of full and equal participation. While democratic systems have improved women's opportunities for involvement in political life, the many economic, social and cultural barriers they continue to face have seriously limited their participation. Even historically stable democracies have failed to integrate fully and equally the opinions and interests of the female half of the population. Societies in which women are excluded from public life and decision-making cannot be described as democratic. The concept of democracy will have real and dynamic meaning and lasting effect only when political decision-making is shared by women and men and takes equal account of the interests of both. The examination of States parties' reports shows that where there is full and equal participation of women in public life and decision-making, the implementation of their rights and compliance with the Convention improves.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Even before they leave home, women migrant workers face myriad human rights concerns, including complete bans or restrictions on women's out-migration based on sex or sex combined with age, marital status, pregnancy or maternity status, occupation-specific restrictions or requirements that women must have written permission from male relatives to obtain a passport to travel or migrate. Women are sometimes detained by recruiting agents for training in preparation for departure, during which time they may be subject to financial, physical, sexual or psychological abuse. Women may also suffer the consequences of restricted access to education, training and reliable information on migration, which may lead to increased vulnerability in relation to employers. Exploitative fees may be charged by employment agents, which sometimes cause women, who generally have fewer assets than men, to suffer greater financial hardships and make them more dependent, for example, if they need to borrow from family, friends, or moneylenders at usurious rates.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- As such activities are invaluable for the survival of society, there can be no justification for applying different and discriminatory laws or customs to them. Reports of States parties disclose that there are still countries where de jure equality does not exist. Women are thereby prevented from having equal access to resources and from enjoying equality of status in the family and society. Even where de jure equality exists, all societies assign different roles, which are regarded as inferior, to women. In this way, principles of justice and equality contained in particular in article 16 and also in articles 2, 5 and 24 of the Convention are being violated.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Even when these legal rights are vested in women, and the courts enforce them, property owned by a woman during marriage or on divorce may be managed by a man. In many States, including those where there is a community-property regime, there is no legal requirement that a woman be consulted when property owned by the parties during marriage or de facto relationship is sold or otherwise disposed of. This limits the woman's ability to control disposition of the property or the income derived from it.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Although both men and women migrate, migration is not a gender-neutral phenomenon. The position of female migrants is different from that of male migrants in terms of legal migration channels, the sectors into which they migrate, the forms of abuse they suffer and the consequences thereof. To understand the specific ways in which women are impacted, female migration should be studied from the perspective of gender inequality, traditional female roles, a gendered labour market, the universal prevalence of gender-based violence and the worldwide feminization of poverty and labour migration. The integration of a gender perspective is, therefore, essential to the analysis of the position of female migrants and the development of policies to counter discrimination exploitation and abuse.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- States parties' reports also disclose that polygamy is practised in a number of countries. Polygamous marriage contravenes a woman's right to equality with men, and can have such serious emotional and financial consequences for her and her dependants that such marriages ought to be discouraged and prohibited. The Committee notes with concern that some States parties, whose constitutions guarantee equal rights, permit polygamous marriage in accordance with personal or customary law. This violates the constitutional rights of women, and breaches the provisions of article 5 (a) of the Convention.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- All women migrant workers are entitled to the protection of their human rights, which include the right to life, the right to personal liberty and security, the right not to be tortured, the right to be free of degrading and inhumane treatment, the right to be free from discrimination on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, cultural particularities, nationality, language, religion or other status, the right to be free from poverty, the right to an adequate standard of living, the right to equality before the law and the right to benefit from the due processes of the law. These rights are provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the many human rights treaties ratified or acceded to by States Members of the United Nations.
- Condicón jurídica
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo