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Political and public life 1997, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Under article 8, Governments are obliged to ensure the presence of women at all levels and in all areas of international affairs. This requires that they be included in economic and military matters, in both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy, and in official delegations to international and regional conferences.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 23b
- Paragraph text
- [Common responsibilities of countries of origin and destination include:] Active involvement of women migrant workers and relevant non-governmental organizations: States parties should seek the active involvement of women migrant workers and relevant non-governmental organizations in policy formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (article 7 (b));
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers are also entitled to protection from discrimination on the basis of the Convention, which requires States parties to take all appropriate measures without delay to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and to ensure that they will be able to exercise and enjoy de jure and de facto rights on an equal basis with men in all fields.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 12b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that State parties:] Regulate the activities of all domestic non-State actors within their effective control who operate extraterritorially, and ensure full respect of the Convention by them;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 63h
- Paragraph text
- [In the light of the foregoing, the Committee recommends that States parties that have not already done so:] Ratify or accede to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- The Committee, however, emphasizes that all categories of women migrants fall within the scope of the obligations of States parties to the Convention and must be protected against all forms of discrimination by the Convention.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 18b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to the good quality of justice systems, the Committee recommends that States parties:] Adopt indicators to measure women's access to justice;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 51e
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Take measures, including the adoption of legislation, to protect women from Internet crimes and misdemeanours;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A crucial element in guaranteeing that justice systems are economically accessible to women is the provision of free or low-cost legal aid, advice and representation in judicial and quasi-judicial processes in all fields of law.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 51b
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Ensure that statutory limitations are in conformity with the interests of the victims;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Highly qualified human resources, combined with adequate technical and financial resources, are essential to ensure the justiciability, availability, accessibility, good quality, provision of remedies for victims and accountability of justice systems.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 15c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to justiciability, the Committee recommends that States parties:] Ensure that justice system professionals handle cases in a gender-sensitive manner;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 44c
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Adopt positive measures to ensure that the freedom of women to enter into contracts and other private law agreements is enforced.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- A fundamental challenge to the implementation of article 14 is a general lack of disaggregated data about the situation of rural women, which prevents the adequate monitoring and enforcement of their rights under the Convention.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes that many countries have critical shortages of trained police and legal and forensic staff capable of dealing with the requirements of criminal investigations.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other international human rights instruments and policy documents adopted in the United Nations system contain provisions on temporary special measures to support the achievement of equality. Such measures are described in different terminology, and the meaning and interpretation given to such measures also differs. It is the Committee's hope that the present general recommendation on article 4, paragraph 1, will contribute to a clarification of terminology.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Measures taken under article 4, paragraph 1, by States parties should aim to accelerate the equal participation of women in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. The Committee views the application of these measures not as an exception to the norm of non- discrimination, but rather as an emphasis that temporary special measures are part of a necessary strategy by States parties directed towards the achievement of de facto or substantive equality of women with men in the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. While the application of temporary special measures often remedies the effects of past discrimination against women, the obligation of States parties under the Convention to improve the position of women to one of de facto or substantive equality with men exists irrespective of any proof of past discrimination. The Committee considers that States parties that adopt and implement such measures under the Convention do not discriminate against men.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Statistical data 1989, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Considering that statistical information is absolutely necessary in order to understand the real situation of women in each of the States parties to the Convention,
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1989
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In the Committee's view, a purely formal legal or programmatic approach is not sufficient to achieve women's de facto equality with men, which the Committee interprets as substantive equality. In addition, the Convention requires that women be given an equal start and that they be empowered by an enabling environment to achieve equality of results. It is not enough to guarantee women treatment that is identical to that of men. Rather, biological as well as socially and culturally constructed differences between women and men must be taken into account. Under certain circumstances, non-identical treatment of women and men will be required in order to address such differences. Pursuit of the goal of substantive equality also calls for an effective strategy aimed at overcoming underrepresentation of women and a redistribution of resources and power between men and women.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 1988
Párrafo
Disabled Women 1991, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Taking into consideration particularly article 3 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 1991
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- A woman's right to choose a spouse and enter freely into marriage is central to her life and to her dignity and equality as a human being. An examination of States parties' reports discloses that there are countries which, on the basis of custom, religious beliefs or the ethnic origins of particular groups of people, permit forced marriages or remarriages. Other countries allow a woman's marriage to be arranged for payment or preferment and in others women's poverty forces them to marry foreign nationals for financial security. Subject to reasonable restrictions based for example on a woman's youth or consanguinity with her partner, a woman's right to choose when, if, and whom she will marry must be protected and enforced at law.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Political and public life 1997, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Article 7 obliges States parties to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in political and public life and to ensure that they enjoy equality with men in political and public life. The obligation specified in article 7 extends to all areas of public and political life and is not limited to those areas specified in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c). The political and public life of a country is a broad concept. It refers to the exercise of political power, in particular the exercise of legislative, judicial, executive and administrative powers. The term covers all aspects of public administration and the formulation and implementation of policy at the international, national, regional and local levels. The concept also includes many aspects of civil society, including public boards and local councils and the activities of organizations such as political parties, trade unions, professional or industry associations, women's organizations, community-based organizations and other organizations concerned with public and political life.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Political and public life 1997, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- No political system has conferred on women both the right to and the benefit of full and equal participation. While democratic systems have improved women's opportunities for involvement in political life, the many economic, social and cultural barriers they continue to face have seriously limited their participation. Even historically stable democracies have failed to integrate fully and equally the opinions and interests of the female half of the population. Societies in which women are excluded from public life and decision-making cannot be described as democratic. The concept of democracy will have real and dynamic meaning and lasting effect only when political decision-making is shared by women and men and takes equal account of the interests of both. The examination of States parties' reports shows that where there is full and equal participation of women in public life and decision-making, the implementation of their rights and compliance with the Convention improves.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- As such activities are invaluable for the survival of society, there can be no justification for applying different and discriminatory laws or customs to them. Reports of States parties disclose that there are still countries where de jure equality does not exist. Women are thereby prevented from having equal access to resources and from enjoying equality of status in the family and society. Even where de jure equality exists, all societies assign different roles, which are regarded as inferior, to women. In this way, principles of justice and equality contained in particular in article 16 and also in articles 2, 5 and 24 of the Convention are being violated.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Temporary special measures 2004, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Under article 3, States parties are invited to report on the institution(s) responsible for designing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating and enforcing such temporary special measures. Such responsibility may be vested in existing or planned national institutions, such as women's ministries, women's departments within ministries or presidential offices, ombudspersons, tribunals or other entities of a public or private nature with the requisite mandate to design specific programmes, monitor their implementation, and evaluate their impact and outcomes. The Committee recommends that States parties ensure that women in general, and affected groups of women in particular, have a role in the design, implementation and evaluation of such programmes. Collaboration and consultation with civil society and non-governmental organizations representing various groups of women is especially recommended.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2004
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- All women migrant workers are entitled to the protection of their human rights, which include the right to life, the right to personal liberty and security, the right not to be tortured, the right to be free of degrading and inhumane treatment, the right to be free from discrimination on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, cultural particularities, nationality, language, religion or other status, the right to be free from poverty, the right to an adequate standard of living, the right to equality before the law and the right to benefit from the due processes of the law. These rights are provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the many human rights treaties ratified or acceded to by States Members of the United Nations.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Political and public life 1997, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Many Permanent Missions to the United Nations and to other international organizations have no women among their diplomats and very few at senior levels. The situation is similar at expert meetings and conferences that establish international and global goals, agendas and priorities. Organizations of the United Nations system and various economic, political and military structures at the regional level have become important international public employers, but here, too, women have remained a minority concentrated in lower-level positions.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 1997
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers may be subjected to particularly disadvantageous terms regarding their stay in a country. They are sometimes unable to benefit from family reunification schemes, which may not extend to workers in female- dominated sectors, such as domestic workers or those in entertainment. Permission to stay in the country of employment may be severely restricted, especially for women migrant workers in domestic work when their time-fixed contracts end or are terminated at the whim of the employer. If they lose their immigration status, they may be more vulnerable to violence by the employer or others who want to abuse the situation. If they are detained, they may be subject to violence perpetrated by officials in detention centres.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- States parties also have an obligation to ensure that women are protected against discrimination committed by public authorities, the judiciary, organizations, enterprises or private individuals, in the public and private spheres. This protection shall be provided by competent tribunals and other public institutions and enforced by sanctions and remedies, where appropriate. States parties should ensure that all Government bodies and organs are fully aware of the principles of equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex and gender and that adequate training and awareness-raising programmes are set up and carried out in this respect.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 23a
- Paragraph text
- [Common responsibilities of countries of origin and destination include:] Formulating a comprehensive gender-sensitive and rights-based policy: States parties should use the Convention and the general recommendations to formulate a gender-sensitive, rights-based policy on the basis of equality and non-discrimination to regulate and administer all aspects and stages of migration, to facilitate access of women migrant workers to work opportunities abroad, promoting safe migration and ensuring the protection of the rights of women migrant workers (articles 2 (a) and 3);
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2008
Párrafo