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Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Various criminal laws exist worldwide that make it an offence for individuals to engage in same-sex conduct, or penalize individuals for their sexual orientation or gender identity. For example, consensual same-sex conduct is a criminal offence in about 80 countries. Other laws also indirectly prohibit or suppress same-sex conduct, such as anti-debauchery statutes and prohibitions on sex work. Many States also regulate extra-marital sexual conduct through criminal or financial sanctions, which affects individuals who identify as heterosexual but intermittently engage in same-sex conduct. These laws also have a significant impact on individuals engaging in sexual conduct with members of the opposite sex outside of marriage, particularly women, although this is outside the scope of this report.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- In their application, criminal laws and other legal restrictions may prevent access to certain sexual and reproductive health-care goods, such as contraceptive methods, directly outlaw a particular service, such as abortion, or ban the provision of sexual and reproductive information through school-based education programmes or otherwise. In practice, these laws affect a wide range of individuals, including women who attempt to undergo abortions or seek contraception; friends or family members who assist women to access abortions; practitioners providing abortions; teachers providing sexual education; pharmacists supplying contraceptives; employees of institutions that are established to provide family planning services; human rights defenders advocating for sexual and reproductive health rights; and adolescents seeking access to contraception for consensual sexual activity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed that legal grounds largely shape the course for women with an unplanned pregnancy towards a safe or an unsafe abortion. As legal restrictions primarily influence whether abortion is safe or not, more unsafe abortions are likely to occur in legal regimes that are more restrictive of abortion. The rate of unsafe abortions and the ratio of unsafe to safe abortions both directly correlate to the degree to which abortion laws are restrictive and/or punitive. Unsafe abortions are estimated to account for nearly 13 per cent of all maternal deaths globally. A further 5 million women and girls suffer short- and long-term injuries due to unsafe abortions, including haemorrhage; sepsis; trauma to the vagina, uterus and abdominal organs; cervical tearing; peritonitis; reproductive tract infections; pelvic inflammatory disease and chronic pelvic pain; shock and infertility.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the protection of the right to health of young persons under the age of 18. Article 24 of the Convention affirms the right to health as established in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is especially relevant given the importance of sexual and reproductive health to the lives of young women and men. The Convention urges States to ensure prenatal and post-natal care for mothers, develop family planning education and services and ensure the elimination of traditional practices that are "prejudicial to the health of children".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 65n
- Paragraph text
- [In applying a right-to-health approach, States should undertake reforms toward the development and implementation of policies and programmes relating to sexual and reproductive health as required by international human rights law. In that context, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Suspend/abolish the application of existing criminal laws to various forms of conduct during pregnancy, such as conduct related to treatment of the foetus, most notably miscarriage, alcohol and drug consumption and HIV transmission.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The global unmet need for family planning remains a significant barrier to achieving rights-related and development goals. WHO estimates that 200 million couples in developing countries would like to delay or stop childbearing but are not using any method of contraception. In 2009, 24 per cent of women of reproductive age in the least developed countries, who were married or in a union, reported not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the birth of their next child. Reasons for the global unmet need included limited access to contraception; limited choice of contraceptive methods; fear or experience of side-effects; cultural or religious opposition; poor quality of available services; and gender-based barriers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Some States have also criminalized perinatal HIV transmission. For example, in one jurisdiction, a person infected with HIV (and aware of the fact) must "'take all reasonable measures and precautions to prevent the transmission of HIV to others and in the case of pregnant women, the foetus', with criminal sanctions imposed for failure to do so" (see A/HRC/14/20, para. 67). In this case, no exception or defence is allowed in relation to unavailability or lack of access to preventive health-care goods, services and information. Statutes from other jurisdictions, which criminalize HIV transmission generally, may also be applied to perinatal transmission.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Family planning empowers women to make autonomous and informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health. It reduces maternal mortality by delaying pregnancies in young women who would otherwise face an increased risk of health problems and death from early childbearing. Evidence shows that access to voluntary family planning can reduce maternal deaths by between 25 and 40 per cent. Family planning also reduces the number of unsafe abortions and the perinatal transmission of HIV. Condom use not only results in lower incidences of sexually transmitted infections but, when used correctly and consistently, male condoms are 98 per cent effective toward preventing pregnancy.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- States that implement and enforce criminal or other laws to restrict access to sexual and reproductive health information actively reduce access to information and therefore do not meet their obligation to respect the right to health. As a consequence of such laws and the stigma they generate, third parties, such as teachers, publishers, or booksellers may also deny women and girls access to necessary sexual and reproductive health materials. The obligation of States to fulfil the right to health requires that they develop strategies to ensure that comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education and information is provided to everyone, especially women and young girls.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws and other legal restrictions that reduce or deny access to family planning goods and services, or certain modern contraceptive methods, such as emergency contraception, constitute a violation of the right to health. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women calls upon States to ensure access to specific educational information to help to ensure the health and well-being of families, including information and advice on family planning, as well as access to adequate health-care facilities, including information, counselling and services in family planning. In General Comment No. 14, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights calls upon States to take measures to "improve child and maternal health, sexual and reproductive health services, including access to family planning … and access to information, as well as to resources necessary to act on that information" (see E/C.12/2000/4, para. 14).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The right to health and development 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The major improvements in the outcomes of the project attributable to the adoption of a human rights-based approach were largely due to the efforts around facilitating and securing the agency of women living with HIV/AIDS, which led to significant improvements in monitoring and accountability, a core element of the right to health framework. This is particularly evident in the continuing high-level participation of positive women in national and international initiatives relating to HIV, and the strong networks formed within India to allow for provision of technical assistance to these women. Ultimately, the advantage of this programmatic design is not only evident in terms of improved development outcomes; the changes in process demonstrate the inherent benefits in recognizing the dignity and equality of these women in the context of pursuing a broader development aim. Nevertheless, in not only ensuring their empowerment through participation, but in further utilizing it to achieve meaningful policy change, the practical benefits of adoption of various elements of a right to health framework in the development context are also seen. The approach taken also facilitated the identification of relevant national human rights laws, norms and standards that should be utilized in order for the State to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health of women living with HIV/AIDS, and the role of those women in holding the State accountable in this regard. This example demonstrates that United Nations agencies are in a unique position to facilitate capacity-building and education around human rights in pursuance of particular development aims.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Older women are often more disadvantaged because they may suffer from a combination of both gender and age discrimination. Ageing women make up a significant proportion of the world's population, with the majority of older women living in developing countries. A number of life-course events adversely affect the health of women in older age, including discrimination against infant girls in the provision of food and care, barriers to education, low incomes and poorer access to decent work, care-giving responsibilities as mothers and wives, domestic violence (during childhood, adulthood and elder abuse), widowhood, and cultural traditions and attitudes towards health care. Lower incomes, disruptions to work due to family responsibilities, and discrimination in access to the labour force during women's working life mean that women often have less retirement savings and are therefore more financially vulnerable in older age.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The right to the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental human right, legally enshrined at the international, regional and national levels. The enjoyment of the right to health is recognized by numerous international human rights instruments, including those that have been created to protect the human rights of particular groups, such as children, women, persons with disabilities and those who are subject to discrimination on the basis of race (E/CN.4/2003/58, paras. 10-21). The most important formulation of the right to health is contained in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which provides the cornerstone protection of the right to health in international law.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- For example, the right to health requires that States take steps towards improving maternal health and reducing maternal mortality. However, owing to inadequate allocation of health funds and resources to rural and remote areas, maternal health-care services, trained maternal health-care workers and good quality health facilities are often unavailable in those areas. Women are thus unable to access maternal health-care services in their communities, and instead must travel considerable distances at significant costs to obtain care. As a result, women in rural and remote areas experience lower rates of live births attended by skilled health workers and significantly higher levels of maternal mortality and maternal morbidity than women in urban areas.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The right to health approach requires the equitable allocation of health funds and resources towards achieving universal access to good quality health facilities, goods and services, in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination. In all allocative decisions, special attention must be paid to the needs of vulnerable or marginalized groups, including, among others, ethnic, racial, religious and sexual minority groups, women, children and the poor. Better overall health outcomes and more effective health systems result from eliminating inequalities in access to health facilities, goods and services. States should therefore allocate health funds and resources to ensure that good quality health facilities, goods and services are financially accessible for the poor, physically accessible for rural and remote populations, and responsive to primary health-care needs for all, rather than specialized care for the few.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, test results are passed on to employers or recruitment agencies without the migrant worker's consent, breaching the requirement of confidentiality and contrary to international recommendations. Additionally, pre- and post-test counselling protocols may not be followed, even when required by law. A right to health approach, however, requires that counselling, voluntary testing and treatment be treated as a health-care continuum. Migrant workers who test positive for HIV may remain in an irregular situation, making them more vulnerable to abuse by employers and less likely to access medical treatment. In cases of pregnancy, women may resort to risky illegal abortion to avoid deportation. Further, compulsory testing stigmatizes those who are deported based on positive test results.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- International human rights law places particular emphasis on the responsibility of States to address discrimination against women and girls and ensure that they enjoy their rights on the basis of equality with men and boys. Among other actions, States must ensure that national law provides a robust framework for gender equality and non-discrimination. In the context of early child development, policies and programmes must pay particular attention to redressing discrimination and to equality. For example, parenting programmes should be gender sensitive and States should make particular efforts to address any discrepancy in educational attainment between girls and boys.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Many rights violations stem from a "winning at all costs" mentality that is tolerated or actively encouraged by States, particularly in competitive sporting contexts. A certain level of "healthy" sporting competition can foster participation, encourage individuals to strive for excellence, empower women and girls, and in many instances, increase individual enjoyment. However, appropriate safeguards should be implemented to ensure the protection of all amateur and professional athletes. As a broad, overarching principle, States should create an inclusive sporting environment wherein an optimal level of competitiveness is reached, and those participating in sports are protected from the harmful effects of overly competitive environments.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In the matter of Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others, the High Court of Delhi cited the case of Toonen and considered the reasoning of the South African Constitutional Court in finding section 377 of the Indian Penal Code unconstitutional. This section of the code criminalized, "carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal" - wording from colonial rule that is still in use in more than half of the jurisdictions criminalizing sodomy worldwide. The Naz Foundation submitted that by criminalizing private, consensual same-sex conduct, section 377 perpetuated negative and discriminatory beliefs towards same-sex conduct, driving activities underground and crippling HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In Sierra Leone, a person infected with HIV (and aware of the fact) must "take all reasonable measures and precautions to prevent the transmission of HIV to others and in the case of pregnant women, the foetus", with criminal sanctions imposed for failure to do so. It is unclear what "all reasonable measures and precautions" in the case of prevention of mother-to-child transmission would include, and whether such standards are clearly articulated and understood by health-care providers and pregnant women themselves to ensure that an informed decision can be made. Given the complexity of guidance on the suitability of breastfeeding, decisions on infant feeding options involve a complex balancing of risks and benefits, and require that the mother be provided with accurate, comprehensible information. In this instance, the criminal law has the potential to punish women for the inadequacy of the government in providing appropriate services and education.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In certain jurisdictions, pregnant women have been prosecuted for various types of conduct during pregnancy. A number of prosecutions have occurred in relation to the use of illicit drugs by pregnant woman, including under pre-existing laws relating to child abuse, attempted murder, manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide. Criminal laws have also been used to prosecute women for other conduct, including alcohol use during pregnancy, the birth of stillborn babies or the miscarriage of a foetus (see A/HRC/17/26/Add.2, para. 68), failing to follow a doctor's orders, failing to refrain from sexual intercourse, and concealment of the birth.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Occupational health 2012, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- A number of international human rights instruments address the right to occupational health in a variety of contexts. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides for the right of everyone to "just and favourable conditions of work" (art. 23). The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women establishes women's "right to protection of health and to safety in working conditions, including the safeguarding of the function of reproduction" (art. 11.1(f)) and requires States to "provide special protection to women during pregnancy in types of work proved to be harmful to them" (art. 11.2 (d)). The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families obliges States to "take measures not less favourable than those applied to nationals to ensure that working and living conditions of migrant workers and members of their families in a regular situation are in keeping with the standards of fitness, safety, health and principles of human dignity" (art. 70).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- As noted by the Security Council (resolution 1820 (2008)) and others, certain civilians may be targeted on the basis of their perceived or actual association with ethnic, religious or political groups. Such strategies infringe human dignity and are manifestly incompatible with the right to health. In certain circumstances, they may also qualify as crimes against humanity, genocide or war crimes. For example, the use of gender-based violence as a strategy of conflict has been well documented. Such violence can include incestuous rape and public rape, rape as a deliberate vector of HIV, camps specifically designed for forced impregnation of women, and premeditated rape as a tool of political repression. Women and girls are common targets of sexual violence, although men and young boys may also be targeted with equal severity. As the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has noted (see E/CN.4/2004/13) among others, armed groups may also specifically target sex workers, sexual and ethnic minorities and other communities as a tool for "social cleansing" of "undesirable elements". By treating civilians as objects of conflict, the physical and psychological impact of sexual violence may extend beyond immediate survivors and disempower whole communities. Due to the stigma attached to sexual violence, survivors are often forced into silence and excluded from their communities. The impact of sexual violence on the mental health of survivors, as well as their family and community may endure for generations. Sexual violence also compromises the participation of targeted communities in public health efforts long after conflict has ended.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Some States deport women migrant workers who are found to be pregnant during compulsory medical testing. The women concerned may also be exposed to greater vulnerability in both sending and receiving States because of the stigma attached to pregnancy outside of marriage in many societies. The practice of forced contraceptive injections have been reported during pre-departure in some sending States. Such practices encroach upon rights to privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, dignity and non-discrimination and act as an impediment to seeking assistance from police or health systems.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- As a step to progressively realizing the right to health, States should formulate and regularly update food and nutrition guidelines for a healthy diet for different groups, particularly for vulnerable groups, like children, women and low-income groups. Guidelines should be formulated based on scientific evidence and with the participation of the community, civil society organizations and other stakeholders. To be effective, dissemination of these guidelines and nutritional information to people in a comprehensible manner is equally important. One regulatory approach that States should consider is the adoption of nutrient profiling models, in which foods are ranked according to their nutritional composition.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The global health community has also given attention to the human rights dimensions of under-5 mortality and morbidity and has committed to ground its efforts in human rights. The Secretary-General's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health is grounded in global human rights commitments and emphasizes that legislation and policies should be in line with human rights. The new global strategy, which is to replace the existing strategy in the coming months, will call for the integration of human rights in all efforts to improve women's, children's and adolescents' health.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Experts recommend major changes in routine baby medical checks to detect and address social and emotional difficulties, which could be early signs of toxic stress, as a means of reducing many of society's most complex and costly medical issues, from heart disease to alcohol and drug abuse. In addition, some of the evidence-based health interventions that are included in the "zero draft" of the new global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health, such as nutrition counselling and "kangaroo" mother care for small babies, can be very useful in assisting main actors adopting a modern approach to health interventions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Previous work on the issue of sexual and reproductive health and rights, including on maternal mortality, has shown that human rights when applied to public health policies can save lives by ensuring that health policies are equitable, inclusive, non-discriminatory, participatory and evidence-based (A/61/338, para. 29). Most of pregnancy-related deaths and many of the causes of under-5 mortality are avoidable. Those most at risk are groups living in poverty, groups in rural areas and women from ethnic and religious minorities or indigenous communities. Women and children must be placed at the centre of an integrated approach to sexual and reproductive health and their rights must be fully recognized.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The launch of the technical guidance on the application of a human rights-based approach to the implementation of policies and programmes to reduce and eliminate preventable mortality and morbidity of children under 5 years of age (A/HRC/27/31) in 2014 is a serious attempt to put an end to the unacceptable epidemics of preventable deaths of infants. The human rights-based approach is critically important in that regard since child mortality is intimately linked with human rights of women and the widespread discrimination against vulnerable groups of population.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- A holistic approach to addressing violence is consistent with the aim of collectively implementing the Sustainable Development Goal targets on violence across the agenda. It is also consonant with the indivisible and interrelated nature of human rights. From a human rights and public health perspective, violence must be addressed comprehensively, including obligations to eliminate violence within health-care settings, to address how structural factors, such as laws and policies, institutionalize violence and to eliminate violence against women and children. The right to health also includes an entitlement to safe access to health care and to a safe environment. Importantly, children and adolescents have a right to be free from violence and to healthy development.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo