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Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Good practice exists at the policy level and in field operations, as illustrated by examples provided by the specialized agencies of the United Nations. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) operates an early warning system in some of its in-country programmes, often using sophisticated computer mapping, which is designed to map specific local conditions, such as movements of security forces and displaced peoples, presence of weapons, availability of basic services and access to water sources. In some situations a process of broad consultations with local communities is incorporated. UNDP has developed a capacity to identify the root causes of conflicts, notably through deployment of peace and development advisers to country teams who help in conducting conflict analyses. Experience has shown that context-specific systems that mix qualitative and quantitative indicators and political analysis are effective, if highly resource intensive.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In particular, it can be especially challenging for minorities affected by crises to obtain documentation or the replacement of lost or destroyed documentation given their status as minorities and as displaced persons (see A/HRC/26/33/Add.2, para. 21).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Violence against minorities during conflict also can lead to long-term displacement of those minorities. For example, in 1990, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam expelled the entire Muslim population, estimated to be at least 70,000, from Northern Sri Lanka, many of whom to date have not been able to return to those lands.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- On the one hand, the disadvantage experienced by minorities in terms of accessing humanitarian relief in crisis is often explained by existing logistical limitations. In crisis and conflict situations, humanitarian assistance may be concentrated in capital cities and/or in a small number of very large, officially recognized refugee or internally displaced persons camps, with very little reaching the periphery where minority and vulnerable populations may reside.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Protection of minority rights in conflict prevention 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Peace and Security Council mission recommended a meeting of regional Governments, representatives of the Mbororo and local affected communities, to develop a strategy that would help reduce tension in the most sensitive areas, to consider the delimitation of livestock corridors to be used by pastoralists and to discuss national projects to improve Mbororo integration in the national health and education systems, taking into account their lifestyle (mobile schools and health structures). As ever, the challenge remains the implementation of such recommendations, particularly in countries where resources are at a premium. There is a need for continued, sustained dialogue between Governments and communities concerned and an emphasis on follow-up on the recommendations of such fact-finding missions, ideally with the support of international humanitarian agencies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Minority Rights Group International has documented the impact of conflict and instability on religious minorities in Iraq, including Muslim minorities, Baha'is, Christians, Armenians, Chaldo-Assyrians, Faili Kurds, Palestinians, Jews, Sabean Mandaeans, Turkmen, Yazidis and others. The Group states that minorities in Iraq have continued to be targeted on the grounds of their religion or ethnicity since the United States-led invasion and fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003. They have suffered from killings, kidnappings, torture, harassment, forced conversions and the destruction of homes and property. Women have been subjected to rape and forced to wear hijab. Persecution, human rights violations and targeted attacks have led to vast numbers of internally displaced persons and a mass exodus of some religious communities to neighbouring countries where they continue to experience challenges as religious minorities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Ensuring the inclusion of minority issues in post- 2015 development agendas 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- In Rakhine State in Myanmar, conflict between the Rakhine Buddhists and Muslim Rohingya communities erupted in 2012 and resulted in the killing of hundreds, the destruction of homes and property and the internal displacement of over 130,000 people, mostly minority Muslims. Tens of thousands of displaced people, and many thousands of others in villages affected by the conflict and insecurity, now have no access to livelihood activities or income, are dependent on humanitarian assistance for food, shelter, health care, education and water and sanitation. The conflict has had a catastrophic impact on their rights, access to essential services and development, forcing many into a condition of extreme poverty and insecurity. The Government of Myanmar does not recognize the Rohingya as citizens with implications for their enjoyment of all their human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- There is sometimes a direct causal link between belonging to a minority group and being affected by a humanitarian crisis. Indeed, belonging to a minority group can be a direct factor leading to displacement in the context of conflict. As has been observed by OHCHR, the "lack of respect for, lack of protection and lack of fulfilment of the rights of minorities may be at least a contributing factor if not the primary cause of displacement and may in the worst cases - even lead to the extinction of such communities. The displacement of minorities can thus serve as an indicator of the degree to which their rights are respected, protected and fulfilled in the country from which they are displaced."
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Minorities may also experience particular restrictions on their freedom of movement during conflict and humanitarian crises, including more frequent stops or because of their identity even being blocked at border and checkpoints when attempting to flee conflicts, as well as intimidation, discrimination or even violence against them when trying to flee. For example, it has been well documented that sub-Saharan African migrants and asylum seekers, seeking to transit through countries in North Africa en route to Europe have been particularly targeted on account of their race, and suffered violence. In some instances, minorities seeking asylum status may be arbitrarily detained and forcefully deported to their home countries without adequate assessment of their asylum claims and/or may encounter particular obstacles to be registered as asylum seekers based on their minority characteristics.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- To this end, the collection of data disaggregated by ethnicity, religion and language is essential to adequately map affected groups in humanitarian crises and natural disasters. Data collection programmes should allow for diverse forms of self-identification and comply with international standards regarding the right to privacy. Furthermore, national authorities should collect and share data on all causes of displacement in their country. Equality and anti discrimination laws and legal protection of minorities, and other potentially vulnerable groups should be in place and include provisions relating to the prohibition of unlawful displacement.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- UNHCR has also developed policies and materials that provide further guidance regarding refugees on how to ensure that refugee protection responses are participatory, non-discriminatory, and sensitive to the specific needs of all persons of concern, including the specific needs of members of minority groups. Its Executive Committee (ExCom), comprising over 90 States, adopted in 2005 a General Conclusion on International Protection No. 102 which "acknowledges the important contribution of the age and gender and diversity mainstreaming strategy in identifying, through a participatory approach, the protection risks faced by the different members of the refugee community; and encourages UNHCR and its NGO partners to continue to roll out and implement on the ground this important strategy, as a means to promote the rights and well-being of all refugees, in particular the non-discriminatory treatment and protection of refugee women and refugee children and minority groups of refugees".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights of internally displaced persons visited the Central African Republic in 2007 and noted that the security forces lacked capacity to protect the population. A security vacuum was also found by the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions who visited in 2008 and made a follow-up visit in 2010. He noted that villagers were increasingly organizing themselves into ad hoc self-defence groups and that ethnically motivated violence was on the rise. He stated that impunity for killings was pervasive.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- While recognizing the great diversity in the experiences of minorities affected by humanitarian crises, the Special Rapporteur has adopted a global approach, focusing on common themes and patterns experienced by displaced minorities across regions. The Special Rapporteur also refers to particular examples to highlight specific challenges facing minorities. These cases are intended to be illustrative and are in no way exhaustive.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- For example, the Muhamasheen minority in Yemen have been severely affected by the Yemeni conflict, and suffer from an almost absolute lack of protection in a protracted situation of conflict crises and limited humanitarian resources. Unlike others affected by the conflict, Muhamasheen have often been displaced into open spaces or the edges of towns, making their access to resources, such as shelter, water or medical emergency assistance, even more difficult.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Even outside fully fledged armed conflicts, discrimination against minority groups in societies may reach such levels that it results in hate-based crimes and leads to internal displacement. In Myanmar, violence and atrocities committed against the Rohingya, coupled with the Government's refusal to recognize their status as an ethnic minority, and denial of their citizenship, has been and is still pushing the Rohingya to flee to other parts of the country or abroad.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Minority groups fleeing crises can face disproportionate obstacles in terms of accessing labour markets, when they are in camps and once they are in host communities. Discrimination and fear is often at the origin of this challenge. The right to education can also be particularly impeded, especially for children who flee a crisis and enter a country where they do not know the language.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Governments can be active perpetrators, that is, directly involved in the commission of crimes by means of security forces or mercenaries, or passive perpetrators, when they do not act to protect a group that is subjected to atrocities by non-State actors. When Governments fail, the international community must take adequate steps to stop violence and crime and hold those responsible accountable. There must be a preference for peaceful means: international diplomacy, negotiation and mediation, along with humanitarian assistance. If given consent, a United Nations peacekeeping operation must strive to bring to an end the deliberate action or inaction of the Government, and obtain credible guarantees that the Government will assume and/or resume its responsibility to protect.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In December 2013, along with other independent United Nations experts, the Special Rapporteur urged all parties in the Central African Republic to call an immediate and unconditional halt to the violence in the country, much of which was targeting minorities. In April 2014, along with the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, the Special Rapporteur again voiced her grave concern over the situation of the mainly minority Muslim internally displaced persons in the Central African Republic and urged that minority rights protections be applied. She stressed that the situation in the country was extreme and that saving lives must be a paramount concern.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- During her 2006 visit to Ethiopia, the former Independent Expert on minority issues was informed that, in December 2003, 424 ethnic Anuak had been killed in Gambella by members of other ethnic groups (A/HRC/4/9/Add.3). Contributing factors included the relocation to the region of highlanders, and a porous border with troubled Southern Sudan. Heavily armed Sudan People's Liberation Army fighters had entered the region and the influx of refugees resulted in conflicts and a breakdown of traditional land-sharing and conflict resolution arrangements. Despite warnings signs, authorities failed to avert the violence. Conflicts over land use continue in the region.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Finally, while internal displacements due to disasters have traditionally been for short periods, their increased frequency and severity, including owing to climate change, point to more chronic situations likely to involve new, more prolonged or definitive displacements - and requiring more comprehensive displacement responses, in particular taking into account the needs of minorities. Moreover, recurrent disasters, such as more frequent flooding for example, can significantly impact the resilience of the people living in disaster-prone areas, including owing to destruction of livelihoods and destruction of homes and basic infrastructure.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- At the national level, this may involve internal armed conflict or hostilities within a State. At the international level, this may involve international armed conflict between two or more armed forces of different countries. Such outbreaks of conflict may cause large-scale mass movements of people, as they flee violence and chaos. This can lead to internal displacement, as well as international migration flows, as affected individuals and communities flee their homes within their own country as internally displaced persons, or migrate abroad, including through seeking asylum. Conflict may also lead to other large-scale humanitarian crises such as epidemics, food or water insecurity, among others.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- While minorities may be affected in different ways by humanitarian crises owing to their minority status or indirectly, they may also often face specific human rights challenges and discrimination during or after potential displacement or disruption because of humanitarian crises, owing to their specific position as a member of a minority group in a society, even when the trigger of their displacement or changed situation is not directly linked to their affiliation to that minority group. Indeed, the Special Rapporteur notes that belonging to a minority, coupled with other potential discriminatory factors, such as gender, can have a dramatic impact on humanitarian protection afforded to the person.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The differentiated access to economic, social and cultural rights for particular minority groups in situations of displacement can often be compounded by a lack of adequate documentation. This may further impede access to humanitarian assistance, including a range of public services during crises such as health care, education, housing and employment programmes, as well as social integration. For example, the Special Rapporteur on internally displaced persons noted in his report on Serbia and Kosovo that Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian internally displaced persons have been more vulnerable than other internally displaced persons in accessing basic services owing to their lack of documentation (see A/HRC/26/33/Add.2, para 20).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Reports indicate that discriminatory practices against Dalits in humanitarian response include priority given to dominant castes in rescue operations; denial of or unequal access to relief camps, food, water, health services, shelter, housing and education; segregation in camp facilities; prohibition of use of the common sanitation facilities; segregation in commensal groups; lack of compensation or restitution of assets due to lack of documentation to claim entitlements related to land and property; and lack of participation of affected communities in decision-making regarding reconstruction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- [In this context the Special Rapporteur on minority issues has decided to dedicate her final report to the General Assembly to this important topic, considering two guiding questions:] In the context of humanitarian crises or disasters, what are the additional challenges that minorities face when seeking protection, even when the trigger of their displacement or changed situation is not directly linked to their affiliation as members of that minority group?
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Minorities may also be at particular risk of forced return, either in the context of an ongoing humanitarian crisis or once such a crisis is deemed to have ceased. Return always needs to be voluntary, and carried out in safety and dignity in participation and consultation with minorities. Regrettably, the Special Rapporteur has observed with concern examples of minorities forcefully deported back to situations of crises or persecution.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Minority rights violations are often among the root causes of conflicts that have long gestation periods, root causes grounded in grievances that may bubble under the surface for years, or even decades, before violent conflict breaks out. Incorporating minority rights indicators into early warning systems would enable an earlier identification of potential conflicts. Other more technical early warning indicators, such as small arms flows and movements of displaced peoples, tend to reflect a situation that is already rapidly spiraling into violence. By the time those indicators trigger attention, grievances may have festered for decades, perhaps generations - generations of lost opportunities to heal rifts, avert conflict and build a cohesive society.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The role of minority rights protection in promoting stability and conflict prevention 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Good practice exists at the policy level and in field operations of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. UNDP operates an early warning system in some of its in-country programmes, often using sophisticated computer mapping, which is designed to map specific local conditions, such as movements of security forces and displaced peoples, presence of weapons, and availability of basic services. A process of broad consultations with local communities is frequently incorporated. UNDP has developed a capacity to identify the root causes of conflicts, notably through deployment of peace and development advisers to country teams who help in conducting conflict analyses. Experience has shown that context-specific systems that mix qualitative and quantitative indicators and political analysis are effective, if highly resource intensive.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Following years of tensions and disputes over land, in 2003 conflict heightened in Darfur, Sudan, between the Government and rebel groups which accused it of oppressing non-Arab black Africans. Government forces and Arab self-defence militias, or Janjaweed, were accused of a systematic campaign to drive non-Arabs out of the region, resulting in up to 300,000 deaths, hundreds of villages destroyed and massive displacement. The United Nations Commission of Inquiry found that the crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in Darfur might be no less serious and heinous than genocide (see S/2005/60).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- The current global humanitarian context is alarming. Ongoing and protracted conflicts are leading to massive displacement crises: there are unprecedented numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons, and inter-ethnic and interracial tensions and conflict are erupting in nearly every region of the world. Many conflicts threaten to further deteriorate, and new conflicts are emerging. These conflicts are often rooted in power struggles, identity politics, competition for resources, rising income disparities and socioeconomic inequalities, and increasing polarization of societies, making national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities particularly vulnerable; indeed many of the persons who flee their countries for fear of persecution are members of minority groups targeted precisely because of their minority identity. Furthermore, with the impact of climate change, disasters are becoming all too frequent and widespread, further affecting minorities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo