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Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Another issue is the lack of coherence and harmonization among the multiplicity of laws and regulations bearing upon urban security of tenure, leading to legal uncertainty, lack of implementation of key provisions, even unwanted impacts such as evictions. Rights of adverse possession provided for by law might also be limited or denied by subsequent regulations, or in implementation. In addition, even when planning laws provide for the regularization of informal settlements, questions of sustainability relating to the increase of land prices and full availability of services remain.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- States often dedicate significant resources to helping their nationals conduct business abroad. For example, the United States Department of State, via its embassies abroad, offers "problem-solving assistance to United States companies" and "dialogue with the United States private sector to ensure that business concerns are factored into foreign policy". The Special Rapporteur is not aware of similar services offered for associational activities. Canada has been criticized by civil society for using its Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development to promote the interests of Canadian companies abroad at the expense of human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Article 12: Freedom of movement 1999, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide the Committee in their reports with the relevant domestic legal rules and administrative and judicial practices relating to the rights protected by this article, taking into account the issues discussed in this General Comment. They must also include information on remedies available if these rights are restricted.
- Organismo
- Human Rights Committee
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 1999
Párrafo
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Countries of origin can add to their nationals' difficulties as missions may show reluctance to support their pursuing judicial remedies, so as not to impact their competitiveness on the international labour recruitment market.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- ECOWAS and ECCAS decided to combine their efforts and, in July 2006, adopted a joint biregional plan of action for the period 2006-2008, together with a resolution and a multilateral cooperation agreement. This biregional plan of action reaffirms the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action and extends efforts to combat trafficking into the Central African region. It emphasizes that member States should ensure the ratification and implementation of relevant international instruments, and sets out seven strategies in the following priority areas: legal framework and policy development; victim assistance and protection; prevention and awareness-raising; collection and analysis of information; training and specialized capacity-building; travel and identity documents; monitoring and evaluation of implementation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The draft basic principles are based on existing international human rights law and standards and do not represent new norms of human rights. They are designed to bring clarity to the concept of the right to an effective remedy and to elaborate specific factors to be taken into account when this right is applied to trafficked persons. For example, the draft basic principles explicitly spell out that States have obligations to ensure that adequate procedures are in place to enable quick and accurate identification and that trafficked persons are not subjected to discriminatory treatment in law or in practice, as these are preconditions in exercising the right to an effective remedy in the context of trafficked persons. Further, reflecting the complex nature of the crime of trafficking, the draft basic principles specify that restitution may require States to provide trafficked persons with temporary or permanent residence status where a safe return to the country of origin cannot be guaranteed or is otherwise not in the best interest of the trafficked person. With respect to recovery, the draft basic principles provide that States shall ensure that trafficked persons' access to assistance and other benefits are not dependent on their cooperation in legal proceedings, as this is a common obstacle for trafficked persons in accessing such assistance and other benefits. Lastly, the draft basic principles provide that States have a duty to ensure that trafficked persons are allowed to lawfully remain in the country in which the remedy is being sought for the duration of any proceedings, having regard to the fact that trafficked persons are often treated as irregular migrants subject to detention and deportation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The following case study summaries provide some indication of the nature of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs and of the many countries that may be involved.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Prohibition of trafficking in persons for removal of organs. States parties to the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, of which there are currently 157, are required to criminalize trafficking of persons for a range of purposes, including for organ removal. Most countries have enacted such laws, but not all have included trafficking in persons for the removal of organs within their scope. It is relevant to note that, within national legislation, the offence of trafficking in persons often has a broad jurisdictional basis that enables prosecution for offences occurring outside the country involving a citizen as either a victim or a perpetrator, thereby opening up a potential avenue to prohibit and prosecute practices relating to transplant tourism. The offence may bring such practices within the operation of other national laws, such as those relating to transnational organized crime, corruption and money laundering. Conduct relating to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs may also be subject to prosecution through the application of criminal laws dealing with matters such as assault, fraud and falsification of identity or travel documentation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The restricted scope of the present report is a reflection of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur. It also reflects an appreciation of human exploitation for the purposes of organ transplantation, primarily from living sources, as a discrete problem that requires specific solutions. It is important, however, to acknowledge that this issue cannot be fully separated from broader questions around transplantation, including those relating to equitable allocation of organs and approaches to dealing with organ shortages. The exploitation of human beings for purposes of organ transplantation is also linked to other commodification practices, such as transnational commercial surrogacy, which hold special dangers for the rights and dignity of the world's poorest and most vulnerable, and to broader questions of justice and rights that arise in the context of medical tourism.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Human rights due diligence on trafficking is also relevant in the activities of non-State actors, such as business enterprises, trade unions and employer organizations. As with all other non-State actors, States have an obligation to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and punish trafficking through their laws and policies toward business entities. This includes, for example, general rules requiring that businesses respect human rights and mandating that they undertake some form of human rights due diligence, as well as specific conditions on how States will conduct commercial transactions with business enterprises, including in their public procurement activities (e.g., by including a zero tolerance policy towards trafficking in contractual clauses and more generally revising public procurement procedures to prevent abusive and fraudulent recruitment). Other good practices include that in Brazil, where the Government "maintains public records of individuals and corporations identified by labour inspectors to be using or to have used slave labour", who then subsequently "face financial sanctions, including fines and denial of national subsidies, tax exemptions and loans from State banks." Disclosure requirements in domestic legislation that mandate companies to make their anti-trafficking policy, if they have one, transparent, is a recent form of State practice that could be strengthened by mandating that companies have such anti-trafficking policies in place and report on their implementation. Recruitment agency licensing to regulate recruitment practices and to require that workers are not charged recruitment fees can be a particularly effective form of State practice to reduce the vulnerability of migrants to trafficking. For example, "some countries in the Americas, including Peru, have explicitly prohibited recruitment agencies from engaging in trafficking and from charging workers any recruitment fees". Additionally, Indonesia and Nepal, "alongside a licensing process, there is a system by which workers can report abuses committed by recruitment agencies to the government."
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Despite a global boom in labour mobility agreements during the 1990s, geographic biases prevailed, reinforcing power imbalances between sending and receiving States, rather than remedying them. States members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) registered a fivefold increase in the number of bilateral labour mobility agreements and Latin American countries doubled their numbers; countries in Asia and Africa, on the other hand, failed to register the same figures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The mechanization of agriculture, rural-urban migration and the development of labour-intensive export industries, coupled with the erosion of workers' rights outside the traditional bonded labour context, have led to the emergence of patterns of "neo-bondage", whereby destitute people commit themselves to working off loans or wage advances obtained from their employer and cannot default on this debt, not least due to a fear of extrajudicial enforcement. In this context, researchers note an increasing feminization of bonded labour and some of the victims end up in bonded domestic servitude.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, while in no way negating the importance of criminalizing human trafficking and enforcing the law, other related areas of national laws, such as labour and immigration laws, are equally crucial in seeking to eliminate factors that increase the risks of trafficking in persons, in particular in the context of supply chains.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Global migration governance 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There are several regional organizations in the world with some form of free movement for citizens of the organization's member States. It could be envisaged that at some point some of those initiatives could connect, thus expanding the free mobility area covered. However, there is an imperative need for a central human rights framework in all these processes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Although some bilateral agreements have been signed between countries of origin that are not parties to the 1993 Hague Convention and receiving countries, they often do not meet the standards of the Convention and delay accession to it by non-States parties. Moreover, the existence of such agreements increases the risk of undue pressure from the receiving country on the country of origin to ensure that intercountry adoptions occur regardless of the actual need.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The undue payment of intermediaries both in the context of domestic and intercountry adoptions is a major issue, as shown in the country profiles maintained by the Bureau of Consular Affairs of the United States Department of State, which describe the practice of unofficially expediting the transfer of money or unexpected fees, as well as donations, to several countries of origin.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 38b
- Paragraph text
- [Such facilitated mobility would have obvious advantages, including the fact that it would:] Enable all security checks by intelligence agencies to be made in a timely manner and mostly in the destination country;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Global migration governance 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- At the same time that bilateral and regional processes may contribute to global migration governance, global governance may also improve regional and bilateral processes if States agree on global standards and practices and bring those to the regional or bilateral level.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- In the Mekong region, six Governments (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam) established the COMMIT Process in 2004. The COMMIT Subregional Plan of Action for 2008-2010 contains eight key activities: Training and Capacity Building; National Plans of Action; Multilateral and Bilateral Partnerships; Legal Frameworks, Law Enforcement, and Justice; Victim Identification, Protection, Recovery and Reintegration; Preventive Measures; Cooperation with the Tourism Sector; and Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation. Activities are being implemented in partnership between relevant government departments and non-government entities, whether United Nations agencies or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP), which was established in 2000 with a mandate to facilitate a stronger and more coordinated response to trafficking in persons in the Mekong region and beyond, acts as secretariat to COMMIT.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The participatory and collaborative methodology adopted by the mandate holders has enabled them to benefit from engagement with a wide range of stakeholders, including international, regional and subregional bodies working on trafficking issues; the private sector; and persons and institutions with particular expertise, such as the medical and transplant communities. Greater visibility of the mandate, through cooperation and partnership with States and stakeholders, was further identified by a number of States and stakeholders as an element which enables the mandate holder to fulfil the role of the moral voice for trafficking in persons in an independent manner. Interaction with victims of trafficking has also been critical, drawing from real experiences and ensuring that the measures taken to address trafficking benefit those in need; that unintended harmful consequences are anticipated and avoided; and that opportunities for change and improvement are identified in a timely way.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment from an extraterritorial perspective 2015, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Extraterritorial State acts (or omissions) - whether lawful or unlawful - often have a significant impact on the fundamental rights of individuals outside their borders, thereby implicating States' responsibilities under international human rights law. State actions that produce significant extraterritorial effects merit analysis through the prism of international human rights law. Such actions can include cross-border military operations or use of force (A/68/382 and Corr.1); the occupation of foreign territories; anti-migration and anti-piracy operations; peacekeeping, policing or covert operations in foreign territories; the practice of detaining persons abroad; extraditions, rendition to justice and extraordinary rendition; and the exercise of de facto control or influence over non-State actors operating in foreign territories. All these scenarios can involve the commission or risk of torture or other ill-treatment as defined by the Convention, international humanitarian law, international criminal law or customary international law. Of particular concern are States' attempts to undermine the absolute legal prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment by evading or limiting responsibility for extraterritorial acts or effects by their agents that contravene their fundamental legal obligations; to narrowly interpret treaty jurisdictional provisions; and to dilute well-established obligations to ensure and fulfil positive human rights obligations whenever they exercise control or authority over an area, place, individual(s) or transaction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- In the course of her work the Special Rapporteur has also actively solicited input from the private sector and from persons and institutions with particular expertise. In relation to specialist subjects, such as trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, the Special Rapporteur has sought external expertise from the medical and transplant communities, in an effort to ensure the accuracy of her reporting and the practical relevance of her recommendations, as well as to improve understanding among relevant stakeholders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The prevention of trafficking through addressing the underlying vulnerabilities of individuals and groups has been a key theme of the mandate since its inception. However the mandate holders have always accepted that the concept of prevention is much wider than this, encompassing the full range of measures aimed at preventing future acts of trafficking from occurring. International law requires that States act with due diligence to prevent trafficking and the human rights violations with which it is associated. The mandate has examined the general concept of prevention and particular aspects of a preventive approach, including addressing demand and supply chain transparency and accountability. Key questions include, for example, what role should measures to encourage safe migration and protect labour rights play in a national or regional prevention strategy? Should States seek to raise public awareness about trafficking? What is required of States with respect to addressing the demand for the goods and services produced through trafficking? How does the obligation of prevention operate in respect of addressing trafficking-related exploitation in supply chains and how can business be encouraged to support supply chains that are free of trafficking? These are complex, difficult issues and the mandate has not been able to address them in full, rather seeking to raise awareness among States and others that will help contribute to a greater understanding of what is required and how it may be achieved.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Awareness-raising campaigns concerning the plight and rights of trafficked persons can also be important methods of prevention for at-risk communities and the public in countries of destination, transit and source. However, the Special Rapporteur has noted that public awareness campaigns are sometimes crude in conception and execution, employing sensationalist scare tactics or designed to stop people from moving. There has also been very little critical examination of the effects of such campaigns, including the unintended negative effects of prevention efforts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- While substantial gaps in knowledge and understanding remain, it is now well established that there are no technical or practical obstacles to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, that this practice does in fact occur and that it is not rare. The main points of disagreement relate to the extent of the problem, the economics of the trafficking and identification of the many parties that may be implicated.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In order to respond to the complexity of human mobility, as explained above, States are required to develop a long-term strategic vision of what their mobility policies will look like in a generation from now, with precise timelines and accountability benchmarks. Such a long-term vision is similar to the strategic planning of States for policies on energy, environment, trade, food security, public transit, infrastructure and industries, in order to determine the investments needed to achieve the objectives.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61g
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] New and better data on the risks of forced labour and trafficking in supply chains, disaggregated by region, sector and industry, is needed. Companies and auditors should be encouraged to share anonymized data from audit results;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Regional study: management of the European Union external border and the impact on the human rights of migrants 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to thank everyone who took the time to meet with him and for sharing information about their perspectives and experiences. In particular, the Special Rapporteur expresses his appreciation for the support and cooperation extended by the European Union, and the member States he visited, in assisting with his study. He would also like to sincerely thank the OHCHR Regional Office for Europe for their indispensable support and assistance.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The existence of intercountry adoptions from countries of origin that are not party to the 1993 Hague Convention is linked to a higher risk of illegal adoptions. Some major States of origin, such as Ethiopia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, are not yet party to the Convention, which means that many intercountry adoptions do not benefit from its guarantees and safeguards. States parties to the Convention, in their relations with non-contracting States, are expected to apply as far as practicable the standards and safeguards of the Convention.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention 2014, para. 2 (a)
- Paragraph text
- [The measures to be taken for the prevention of forced or compulsory labour shall include:] (a) educating and informing people, especially those considered to be particularly vulnerable, in order to prevent their becoming victims of forced or compulsory labour;
- Organismo
- International Labour Organization
- Tipo de documento
- International treaty
- Medio de adopción
- N.A.
- Temas
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo