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Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In sum, international human rights law guarantees the right to freedom of expression of all individuals, including journalists, as well as their right to life, liberty and security, among other rights. However, despite those existing norms and standards, attacks against journalists continue, as highlighted above (see paras. 24-31). The Special Rapporteur strongly emphasizes the need for States to abide by their international obligations by taking more effective action on the ground to ensure the effective protection of journalists, especially where there is a pattern of attacks against them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Various stakeholders have addressed the issue of the protection of journalists in armed conflict, including United Nations bodies and civil society organizations. On 23 December 2006, the Security Council adopted a landmark resolution on the protection of journalists in armed conflict (resolution 1738 (2006)), in which it expressed its deep concern regarding the frequency of deliberate attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel in armed conflict, in violation of international humanitarian law, and called upon all parties to an armed conflict to put an end to such practices. It also emphasized the responsibility of States, as well as their obligation to end impunity and to prosecute those responsible for serious violations. In accordance with the request made by the Security Council through that resolution, the Secretary-General has included a section on the protection of journalists in armed conflict in his reports on the protection of civilians in armed conflict.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Several civil society organizations have also taken initiatives to address the issue of protection of journalists in armed conflict. CPJ, IFJ, the International News Safety Institute, the Press Emblem Campaign and Reporters without Borders, to name only a few, have contributed significantly to raising the awareness of the international community regarding attacks against journalists and their safety concerns. Their engagement covers a wide range of actions, from providing training to journalists to the systematic reporting of attacks against and killings of journalists. These organizations have also developed a range of handbooks, codes and guidelines and safety information for journalists and other media professionals.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- UNESCO has also taken various initiatives relating to the protection of journalists as part of its mandate to defend freedom of expression and press freedom. For example, in 1997, the General Conference endorsed two major declarations on media assistance to conflict and post-conflict situations, as well as on the relationship between media and good governance. World Press Freedom Day 2007 focused on the theme of journalists' safety, and the participants adopted the Medellin Declaration on Securing the Safety of Journalists and Combating Impunity. In March 2008, the Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) adopted a decision on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity, which gave IPDC a central role in monitoring the follow-up to killings condemned by the Director-General of UNESCO. The latest report by the Director-General to the Intergovernmental Council of IPDC, on the safety of journalists and the danger of impunity, was published in March 2010.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- On 15 July 2009, the Special Rapporteur, together with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, sent an urgent appeal to the Government of Azerbaijan concerning a youth activist and a prominent video-blogger who, on 8 July 2009, together with a colleague, was physically assaulted by two men in civilian clothing while having lunch in a restaurant. Both reported the attack to the police and, as a result, they were interrogated for several hours and subsequently arrested. The following day, a preliminary hearing was held in their case, and the video-blogger and his colleague were charged with hooliganism under article 221 of the criminal code of Azerbaijan and remanded to two months pre-trial detention pending further investigation of the case. The hearing in their case was held in closed session. The assailants were present at their hearing only as witnesses, and remained free at the time the communication was sent.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Youth
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Indeed, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned at the continuing existence and use of criminal laws against journalists and members of the media, which are often used by authorities to suppress "inconvenient" information and to prevent journalists from reporting on similar matters in the future. Consequently, there is a chilling effect which stifles reporting on issues of public interest. Charges such as treason, subversion and acting against national interests continue to be brought against journalists worldwide, as well as allegations of terrorism and criminal defamation for reporting false news or engaging in ethnic or religious insult.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The implications of States’ surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression 2013, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Inadequate legal standards increase the risk of individuals being exposed to violation of their human rights, including the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression. They also have an adverse impact on certain groups of individuals - for example, members of certain political parties, trade unionists or national, ethnic and linguistic minorities - who may be more vulnerable to State communications surveillance. Without strong legal protections in place, journalists, human rights defenders and political activists risk being subjected to arbitrary surveillance activities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2013
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The right to freedom of opinion and expression in electoral contexts 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Attacks on journalists, activists and political candidates and groups also occur in the context of measures to limit the enjoyment of the freedoms to associate and assemble during electoral processes. The prohibition of protests and demonstrations and the harassment and intimidation of demonstrators during electoral processes remain common means of impeding the free expression of political ideas and the free conduct of public political debate. Such restrictions may take the form of harsh penalties for protesters who fail to comply with articulated requirements. In some countries, suppression of the right to peacefully assemble in the lead-up to elections takes the form of arbitrary arrest of demonstrators. Such actions deter the exercise of free expression and assembly by activists, opposition supporters and civil society groups. Requirements that protests receive prior State approval can also impede the free exercise of rights by creating the conditions for bribery and manipulation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2014
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The use of encryption and anonymity to exercise the rights to freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age 2015, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas: In environments of prevalent censorship, individuals may be forced to rely on encryption and anonymity in order to circumvent restrictions and exercise the right to seek, receive and impart information. Some States have curtailed access with a variety of tools. State censorship, for instance, poses sometimes insurmountable barriers to the right to access information. Some States impose content-based, often discriminatory restrictions or criminalize online expression, intimidating political opposition and dissenters and applying defamation and lese-majesty laws to silence journalists, defenders and activists. A VPN connection, or use of Tor or a proxy server, combined with encryption, may be the only way in which an individual is able to access or share information in such environments.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2015
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Contemporary challenges to freedom of expression 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Punishment for defamation of government officials is widespread and directly interferes with freedom of expression, whether by imposing penalties on expression or dissuading individuals from criticizing officials or government policy. Journalists and writers are regular targets of defamation prosecutions or civil lawsuits. In Angola, for instance, the Government charged and convicted an author of criminal defamation upon publication of a book on conflict diamonds and corruption in the country. Honduran officials have reportedly intimidated journalists and human rights defenders on charges of defamation. In Tajikistan, while the Government has eliminated criminal penalties for defamation in most cases (but not for defamation of the President), government officials may still bring civil defamation lawsuits against journalists or publishers. Particularly with respect to public figures, national laws should be careful to ensure that any respondent in a defamation case may raise a public interest defence, and even untrue statements made in error and without malice should not be rendered unlawful or subject to penalty (see Human Rights Committee, general comment No. 34, para. 47). The joint declaration on freedom of expression of 2000 by the Special Rapporteur, the Representative on Freedom of the Media of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights cautioned against sanctioning defamation such that it chills the exercise of freedom of expression itself.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Contemporary challenges to freedom of expression 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Non-State actors are especially responsible for attacks on individuals for expression of belief. Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), its affiliates and some of its supporters have committed atrocity after atrocity around the world on the basis of religious or ethnic affiliation or individual expression of belief. The attacks on Charlie Hebdo in Paris, for instance, were directed specifically against satirists who criticized all forms of dogma, religious or otherwise, although the killers in this instance were allegedly incensed over depictions of the Prophet Mohammed. Beyond ISIL, the series of murders of bloggers in Bangladesh reflects an effort to silence views that reject religious belief altogether. Such assaults are grave attacks on opinion, expression and belief, designed to silence - in a very direct way - not only the specific targets but also anyone who dares express an alternative viewpoint.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- However, in many countries, elections have been marred by human rights violations and abuses. For instance, in September 2009, in Guinea, some 50,000 peaceful demonstrators gathered in a stadium to protest against the possible candidacy of Capitain Moussa Dadis Camara for the presidential elections of January 2010. Security forces opened fire and used bayonets and knives to disperse the crowd. More than 150 persons were killed, and over a thousand injured. Many individuals were arrested on the scene, at their home or in hospitals. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, in June 2009, following the declaration of victory for President Ahmadinejad, security forces killed several protestors when they peacefully took to the streets to contest the election results. Security forces opened fire during the demonstrations and used batons and pepper spray to disperse the crowds. Several hundred people were arrested during the protests following the presidential elections of 2009. In the Russian Federation, peaceful protests against alleged fraudulent elections in the context of parliamentary elections held in December 2011 were met with excessive use of force, with over a thousand persons detained in various cities. Various acts of harassment, intimidation, arbitrary detention of several activists and members of the opposition also occurred in the context of the presidential protests on 6 May 2012. In the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in the wake of the presidential elections of April 2013, peaceful demonstrations held in front of the offices of the national electoral commission in several states were met with brute force by security forces, along with arbitrary arrests. In Malaysia, security forces used indiscriminate force to repress a peaceful protest organized by the Coalition for Fair and Free Elections (Bersih), which advocates for the reform of the electoral process in that country.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2013
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- It is also important to allow the unimpeded access to and use of the Internet, in particular social media, and other information and communication technology, which are essential tools, especially in times of elections, by which the right to freedom of peaceful assembly can be exercised, but also monitored and reported upon in relation to human rights violations and abuses. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the context of the presidential elections of 2009, access to social media was temporarily blocked across the country, since many bloggers reported on violations against peaceful protestors and foreign media were denied access. In Nepal, in relation to the aforementioned demonstration, telephone lines and mobile phones were cut off in Kathmandu and other major cities by the Nepalese authorities.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2013
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, the Special Rapporteur considers good practice the invitation of the London Metropolitan Police to Liberty, an independent human rights organization, to act as independent observers when they were policing a Trades Union Congress march in London in 2010. He also refers to the statement of the Vice-Chair of the Malaysian Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM) made during the panel discussion on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of peaceful protests, at the nineteenth session of the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/19/40, para. 33). The Vice-Chair highlighted, inter alia, the monitoring role played by SUHAKAM during a sensitive public demonstration, by deploying teams of observers.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Criminal procedure laws and penal sanctions are used in several States to deter the exercise of the right to freedom of association. Authorities who are hostile to critical voices resort to criminal prosecution for defamation or similar offences, thereby discouraging and interfering with legitimate activities by groups. Organizations engaged in human rights work, anti-corruption advocacy and other accountability initiatives are particularly targeted. In Oman, between May and June 2012, 11 human rights defenders, including bloggers, writers, and members of human rights organizations and of the media, were sentenced for offences related to injurious speech and assembly. They were all pardoned on 22 March 2013. In Viet Nam, in March 2013, the police charged a human rights defender with slander against the regime. The authorities asserted that he had not expressed his opinions in a peaceful manner and that he had thus disturbed the public order. The country's Press Law of 1989 limits the right to express dissent, restricting it to "constructive" opinions on implementing the lines and policies of the Communist Party and the laws of the States law. In El Salvador, article 345 of the Criminal Code considers as illegal two or more people gathering to commit a crime. Despite the necessity to prove intent to commit a crime, law enforcement officials often stop and detain young people simply because it is believed that they are gathering to organize or plan a crime, or that they belong to a gang merely because they have a tattoo, are young, live in a particular neighbourhood where there is gang presence or are poor. Youth are additionally disproportionately affected because criminal groups force them to join their ranks, thereby violating their right to freedom of association.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Youth
- Año
- 2014
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, restrictions on human rights can be directly linked to States' efforts to encourage business investment. Businesses then profit from those violations, sometimes calling upon State security organs for further protection. Crimes are often committed on their behalf with impunity. This is particularly true in the field of natural resource exploitation, as the Special Rapporteur documented in his 2015 report to the Human Rights Council. For example, reprisals against activists who stood up to large business interests have occurred in Colombia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Philippines.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2015
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- On 14 November 2015, at a rally in the Republic of Korea, 20,000 police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse a protest attended by 100,000 demonstrators. Dozens were injured, and criminal proceedings were brought against 585 leaders and members of the Korea Confederation of Trade Unions. The Confederation president was sentenced to five years in prison (A/HRC/32/36, para. 41). The Special Rapporteur emphasizes again that charging peaceful assembly participants with criminal offenses violates the right to peaceful assembly.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Violence against workers is both a reason for and a consequence of the global weakening of workers' rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. In 2015, unionists were murdered in 11 countries for their activism: Chile, Colombia, Egypt, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Turkey. Honduras has seen a plague of violence, with 31 trade unionists, 57 rural workers and 28 journalists murdered between 2009 and early 2014, while 62 trade unionists have been assassinated in Guatemala since 2008. This violence is generally delivered with impunity and serves as a terrifying deterrent to workers' exercise of rights of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association is also concerned when ostensibly secular States leverage fundamentalist religious teachings to restrict the assembly and association rights of certain groups. Nigeria (see A/HRC/26/21, case NGA 1/2014) and Uganda (see A/HRC/26/21, case UGA 1/2014), for example, have seized upon majority Christian opposition to homosexuality to impose draconian laws that severely restrict the assembly and association rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex individuals and groups (see, for example, A/HRC/25/74, case NGA 4/2013; and A/HRC/22/67, case UGA 5/2012).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In Mauritania, the Haratine community is considered the "slave caste" and a large proportion are victims of slavery and slavery-like practices (see A/HRC/31/56, para. 39). Anti-slavery activists and organizations reportedly face repression for their activities from the Government, including harassment, intimidation and arbitrary arrests. Members of the Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement and of the non-governmental organization (NGO) Éducation et Travail pour le Progrès des Droits de l'Homme (KAWTAL) were arrested in November 2014 while participating in a campaign against slavery that included rallies, public meetings and lectures. Several activists were imprisoned in 2015 following conviction on charges that included taking part in an unauthorized assembly, rebellion and resisting arrest (see A/HRC/29/25/Add.3, p. 97).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the information received indicates that community leaders and faith-based groups are increasingly resorting to the stigmatization of, and attacks against, defenders working on issues such as the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (A/HRC/4/37/Add.2, para. 32), violence against women and domestic violence. In numerous instances, defenders have been threatened with ostracism or pressured to stop their work in defence of human rights. Furthermore, the information received shows that women human rights defenders working in the area of domestic violence and other types of violence against women are often pressured by the family members of victims or threatened by the perpetrators or their own family members to drop cases.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In a recent case involving a transnational mining company, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights requested that the concerned State suspend operation of a gold mine owned by a transnational corporation until the adoption of a decision on the merits of the petition associated with the request for precautionary measures. The State was also requested to adopt any other necessary measures to guarantee the life and physical safety of the members of the indigenous communities concerned and to plan and implement protection measures with the participation of the beneficiaries and/or their representatives, who should also be considered human rights defenders. Despite the decision granting precautionary measures, leaders of the communities peacefully protesting against the perceived negative effect of the mining on, notably, their right to water have been threatened and attacked.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In certain States, judges and lawyers are working under constant threat, which may jeopardize their independence. Prosecutors sometimes resort to inadmissible evidence to initiate proceedings against defenders, thus compromising their right to a fair trial. In several countries, the relevant authorities still resort to secret, incriminating evidence to arrest and administratively detain human rights defenders without charges for prolonged periods of time. Such evidence is reportedly often obtained by the security services and not shared with detainees or their lawyers. The Special Rapporteur would like to recall that, although not prohibited under international law, administrative detention should be surrounded by judicial guarantees and used only in exceptional and specific circumstances, such as a public emergency threatening the life of a nation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- One way to ensure the safety of defenders is to put an end to impunity for non-State entities. The Special Rapporteur would like to reiterate that States bear the primary responsibility for protecting individuals, including defenders, under their jurisdiction, regardless of the status of the alleged perpetrators. In cases involving non-State actors - including private companies and illegal armed groups - it is paramount that prompt and full investigations be conducted and perpetrators brought to justice. Failure by States to prosecute and punish such perpetrators is a clear violation of article 12 of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders. Addressing the issue of impunity is a key step to ensuring a safe environment for defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- On 6 February 2008, the Committee of Ministers adopted the Declaration on Council of Europe action to improve the protection of human rights defenders and promote their activities. The declaration details State obligations and lists some examples of protection measures that could be taken. It also strengthens the role of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe in protecting and supporting human rights defenders. The declaration reiterates the obligations of Council of Europe member States to "provide measures for swift assistance and protection to human rights defenders in danger in third countries, such as, where appropriate, attendance at and observation of trials and/or, if feasible, the issuing of emergency visas". Furthermore, the European Court of Human Rights can also grant provisional measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, information received indicates that only a few European Union member States have developed and carried out strategies to efficiently implement the guidelines. Diplomatic staff members are not always specifically trained. Cooperation and contacts between defenders/human rights organizations and European Union representatives have not been systematized and are therefore often conducted on an ad hoc basis when a defender is already at risk. Finally, many European Union missions still have not designated a focal point on human rights defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also wishes to reiterate that she accords priority to establishing and strengthening solid relationships with regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights defenders. In accordance with this strategy, two meetings have been held with the participation of the Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Human Rights Defenders Unit within the secretariat of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the focal point for human rights defenders and national human rights institutions within OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the European Commission.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Many of these measures, however, have received criticism with regard to their efficiency and sustainability. Witness protection programmes, for example, are not sufficient to provide for the safety of defenders since in most cases they have not been designed for that purpose and do not take their specific needs into account. In other instances, the outcome of risk assessments has failed to match the situation of vulnerability faced by defenders requesting protection. Further, protective measures have, on some occasions, failed to address the specificities of the profile of defenders pertaining to gender, ethnic affiliation, leadership position and place of residence. In other cases, bodyguards have transmitted information to intelligence agencies. Defenders have also raised concerns about the privatization of protection measures, which can place the responsibility for protection in the hands of private security companies. Defenders fear former paramilitaries could be employed by these companies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Violations suffered by defenders as a consequence of their participation in protests range from threats following demonstrations to arbitrary arrest and detention, intimidation, ill-treatment, torture and excessive use of force by authorities. A cause for concern is the number of peaceful protesters who have been injured or killed during violent crackdowns by the authorities. The mandate holder has also identified specific protection needs concerning some groups of protestors, including women defenders and defenders working on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights; student activists; trade unionists; and defenders monitoring and reporting on demonstrations. Defenders engaged in protests linked to demands for democratic reforms; the anti-globalization movement; election processes; peace demonstrations; and land rights, natural resources and environmental claims are often in need of specific protection.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Article 9 of the Declaration provides for the right of everyone to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of a violation of his or her human rights and fundamental freedoms. In the framework of the Declaration, the obligation to provide defenders with an effective remedy requires States to ensure a prompt and impartial investigation into the alleged human rights violations, the prosecution of the perpetrators, the provision of reparations, as well as the enforcement of decisions or judgements.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Other
Párrafo