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Servile marriage 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- On 22 February 2008, in Prosecutor v. Brima et al, the Special Court for Sierra Leone recognized forced marriage as a crime against humanity under international criminal law for the first time. The Court confirmed that forced marriage involved a perpetrator compelling a person by force or threat of force, through words, or conduct of the perpetrator, or anyone associated with him, into a forced conjugal association resulting in great suffering or serious physical or mental injury on the part of the victim. It concluded that forced marriage might also include one or more international crimes such as enslavement, imprisonment, rape, sexual slavery and abduction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Refugee Protection and Sexual Violence 1993, para. (b) ii
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States to respect and ensure the fundamental right of all individuals within their territory to personal security, inter alia by enforcing relevant national laws in compliance with international legal standards and by adopting concrete measures to prevent and combat sexual violence, including:] implementation of effective, non-discriminatory legal remedies including the facilitation of the filing and investigation of complaints against sexual abuse, the prosecution of offenders, and timely and proportional disciplinary action in cases of abuse of power resulting in sexual violence,
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 1993
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Refugee Protection and Sexual Violence 1993, para. (b) i
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States to respect and ensure the fundamental right of all individuals within their territory to personal security, inter alia by enforcing relevant national laws in compliance with international legal standards and by adopting concrete measures to prevent and combat sexual violence, including:] the development and implementation of training programmes aimed at promoting respect by law enforcement officers and members of military forces of the right of every individual, at all times and under all circumstances, to security of person, including protection from sexual violence,
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 1993
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, granting immunity, in violation of international law, to any State or its agents or to non-State actors for torture or ill-treatment, is in direct conflict with the obligation of providing redress to victims. When impunity is allowed by law or exists de facto, it bars victims from seeking full redress as it allows the violators to go unpunished and denies victims full assurance of their rights under article 14. The Committee affirms that under no circumstances may arguments of national security be used to deny redress for victims.
- Organismo
- Committee against Torture
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Article 6: The right to life 1982, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- The Committee observes that war and other acts of mass violence continue to be a scourge of humanity and take the lives of thousands of innocent human beings every year. Under the Charter of the United Nations the threat or use of force by any State against another State, except in exercise of the inherent right of self-defence, is already prohibited. The Committee considers that States have the supreme duty to prevent wars, acts of genocide and other acts of mass violence causing arbitrary loss of life. Every effort they make to avert the danger of war, especially thermonuclear war, and to strengthen international peace and security would constitute the most important condition and guarantee for the safeguarding of the right to life. In this respect, the Committee notes, in particular, a connection between article 6 and article 20, which states that the law shall prohibit any propaganda for war (para. 1) or incitement to violence (para. 2) as therein described.
- Organismo
- Human Rights Committee
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 1982
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
General Conclusion On International Protection 2004, para. (r)
- Paragraph text
- Strongly encourages States, UNHCR, and all relevant actors, whether alone or in partnership, to strengthen action to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence, in particular through carrying out their respective responsibilities for the introduction of standard operating procedures, the rigorous implementation of relevant UNHCR Guidelines and related measures highlighted by the Executive Committee in its Conclusion No. 98 (LIV) of 2003, as well as through the active use of resettlement, when appropriate, to ensure protection and a durable solution for victims of sexual and gender-based violence;
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2004
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation 2003, para. (d) iii
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States to respect and ensure the right of all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, to security of person, inter alia by enforcing relevant national laws, consistent with international law, and by adopting concrete measures, where they do not exist, to prevent and combat sexual abuse and exploitation including through:] Complaint and redress mechanisms, where appropriate, which are easily accessible, do not compromise the security of the survivors or other informants, and give due regard to confidentiality. Such complaint mechanisms should, where feasible, provide victims and witnesses with referrals to support services with appropriately trained personnel, including in particular female counsellors;
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2003
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation 2003, para. (d) ii
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States to respect and ensure the right of all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, to security of person, inter alia by enforcing relevant national laws, consistent with international law, and by adopting concrete measures, where they do not exist, to prevent and combat sexual abuse and exploitation including through:] Appropriate follow-up action in response to allegations of sexual violence and exploitation including, where necessary, by implementation of remedies, such as facilitating the filing and investigation of complaints of sexual violence and exploitation, the prosecution of offenders, and timely and proportional disciplinary sanctions in cases of abuse of power or gross negligence resulting in sexual exploitation;
- Organismo
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Tipo de documento
- ExCom Conclusion
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2003
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Victims are persons who have individually or collectively suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that constitute violations of the Convention. A person should be considered a victim regardless of whether the perpetrator of the violation is identified, apprehended, prosecuted or convicted, and regardless of any familial or other relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The term "victim" also includes affected immediate family or dependants of the victim as well as persons who have suffered harm in intervening to assist victims or to prevent victimization. The term "survivors" may, in some cases, be preferred by persons who have suffered harm. The Committee uses the legal term "victims" without prejudice to other terms which may be preferable in specific contexts.
- Organismo
- Committee against Torture
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Families
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Implementation of article 2 by States parties 2008, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Committee has made clear that where State authorities or others acting in official capacity or under colour of law, know or have reasonable grounds to believe that acts of torture or ill-treatment are being committed by non-State officials or private actors and they fail to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish such non-State officials or private actors consistently with the Convention, the State bears responsibility and its officials should be considered as authors, complicit or otherwise responsible under the Convention for consenting to or acquiescing in such impermissible acts. Since the failure of the State to exercise due diligence to intervene to stop, sanction and provide remedies to victims of torture facilitates and enables non-State actors to commit acts impermissible under the Convention with impunity, the State's indifference or inaction provides a form of encouragement and/or de facto permission. The Committee has applied this principle to States parties' failure to prevent and protect victims from gender-based violence, such as rape, domestic violence, female genital mutilation, and trafficking.
- Organismo
- Committee against Torture
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2008
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Implementation of article 2 by States parties 2008, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The principle of non-discrimination is a basic and general principle in the protection of human rights and fundamental to the interpretation and application of the Convention. Non-discrimination is included within the definition of torture itself in article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention, which explicitly prohibits specified acts when carried out for "any reason based on discrimination of any kind…". The Committee emphasizes that the discriminatory use of mental or physical violence or abuse is an important factor in determining whether an act constitutes torture.
- Organismo
- Committee against Torture
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2008
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant - replaces GC No. 3 2004, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Where the investigations referred to in paragraph 15 reveal violations of certain Covenant rights, States Parties must ensure that those responsible are brought to justice. As with failure to investigate, failure to bring to justice perpetrators of such violations could in and of itself give rise to a separate breach of the Covenant. These obligations arise notably in respect of those violations recognized as criminal under either domestic or international law, such as torture and similar cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (article 7), summary and arbitrary killing (article 6) and enforced disappearance (articles 7 and 9 and, frequently, 6). Indeed, the problem of impunity for these violations, a matter of sustained concern by the Committee, may well be an important contributing element in the recurrence of the violations. When committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on a civilian population, these violations of the Covenant are crimes against humanity (see Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, article 7). Accordingly, where public officials or State agents have committed violations of the Covenant rights referred to in this paragraph, the States Parties concerned may not relieve perpetrators from personal responsibility, as has occurred with certain amnesties (see General Comment 20 (44)) and prior legal immunities and indemnities. Furthermore, no official status justifies persons who may be accused of responsibility for such violations being held immune from legal responsibility. Other impediments to the establishment of legal responsibility should also be removed, such as the defence of obedience to superior orders or unreasonably short periods of statutory limitation in cases where such limitations are applicable. States parties should also assist each other to bring to justice persons suspected of having committed acts in violation of the Covenant that are punishable under domestic or international law.
- Organismo
- Human Rights Committee
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2004
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Discrimination against non-citizens 2004, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends,] [Based on these general principles, that the States parties to the Convention, as appropriate to their specific circumstances, adopt the following measures:] Ensure that non-citizens enjoy equal protection and recognition before the law and in this context, to take action against racially motivated violence and to ensure the access of victims to effective legal remedies and the right to seek just and adequate reparation for any damage suffered as a result of such violence;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2004
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system 2004, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] States parties should prevent and most severely punish violence, acts of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and all violations of human rights affecting persons belonging to the groups referred to in the last paragraph of the preamble which are committed by State officials, particularly police and army personnel, customs authorities, and persons working in airports, penal institutions and social, medical and psychiatric services.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2004
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Racial discrimination against people of African descent 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] Also ensure the protection of the security and integrity of people of African descent without any discrimination by adopting measures for preventing racially motivated acts of violence against them; ensure prompt action by the police, prosecutors and the judiciary for investigating and punishing such acts; and ensure that perpetrators, be they public officials or other persons, do not enjoy impunity.
- Organismo
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence 2011, para. 72i
- Paragraph text
- [Elements to be mainstreamed into national coordinating frameworks. The following elements need to be mainstreamed across the measures (legislative, administrative, social and educational) and stages of intervention (from prevention through to recovery and reintegration):] Coordination mechanisms. Mechanisms must be explicitly outlined to ensure effective coordination at central, regional and local levels, between different sectors and with civil society, including the empirical research community. These mechanisms must be supported by the administrative measures outlined above;
- Organismo
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Children
- Año
- 2011
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The mass media has also been accused of fuelling attacks by irresponsible reporting of the issue. Critics argue that the publishing of prices for body parts could create an incentive for attacks where none previously existed. They point out best practices from reports on drug trafficking whereby some media refuse to publish the market value of drugs confiscated by police so that potential drug traffickers are not tempted by reading about it. While there are no studies establishing a correlation between increased media attention on the issue and increased attacks, it is unreasonable to completely deny the possibility that the publishing of alleged prices of body parts may incentivize profiteers.
- Organismo
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the Independent Expert will give particular importance to her mandate to conduct, facilitate and support the provision of advisory services, technical assistance, capacity-building and international cooperation in support of national efforts for the effective realization of the rights of persons with albinism and to prevent violence. She is therefore particularly committed to fostering capacity-building of national stakeholders, promoting exchanges on challenges and experiences and supporting efforts in translating international norms into national legislation, policies, programmes and practices that are effective and adapted to national circumstances.
- Organismo
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Remedies for women who have been subjected to violence 2012, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that sexual violence, particularly in conflict and post-conflict situations, affects victims, families, communities and societies, and stressing that effective remedies in those situations should include access to health care, psychosocial support, legal assistance and socioeconomic reintegration services for victims of sexual violence,
- Organismo
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- During her tenure, the Special Rapporteur will continue to address the different forms of contemporary slavery, including subtler forms of slavery that deserve specific attention, such as bonded labour, domestic servitude, early and forced marriage, child slave work, servile marriages and caste-based forms of slavery, which affect the lives of many and are not confined to developing and poor countries. She will also continue to work on the remaining challenges to the eradication of contemporary forms of slavery, as highlighted by her predecessor in her report to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-fourth session (A/HRC/24/43).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- It is essential to ensure standardized disaggregated data collection (with due regard to individuals' rights to privacy and data protection) and the strengthening of national legislative frameworks to ensure that violations of human and labour rights resulting in slavery are effectively monitored and swiftly eradicated through strict legal, judicial and institutional enforcement of measures, with appropriate rehabilitation and remedies. In addition, the early identification and prevention of forced labour through the cooperation of multiple stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, the private sector, trade unions and consumers, are critical.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2014
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur calls upon States to spearhead the development of a universal protocol aiming to ensure that no person is subjected to torture, ill treatment or coercion, including any forms of violence, duress or threat. A protocol, to be developed in collaboration with relevant international and regional human rights mechanisms, civil society and experts, must be grounded in fundamental principles of international human rights law and foremost in the absolute prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. The first step in this process ought to be the convening of a broad public consultation designed to set the parameters for the collaborative development of the protocol by the relevant stakeholders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Although more research into the scope and prevalence of contemporary forms of slavery is required, various small-scale studies (for example, on the garment, conflict mineral, seafood, sporting goods, handmade carpet and tea industries) show that products from the informal sector enter global supply chains and are also part of domestic economies in the developing world, often in the most labour-intensive sectors. Human rights violations in the sourcing of conflict minerals, for example, have received much attention, but more research is required to identify the scope and prevalence of contemporary forms of slavery in supply chains of specific commodities and particular sectors. The sectors mentioned in the present report are therefore not meant to be a comprehensive list, but an indication of where contemporary forms of slavery have been reported to occur.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- For victims of contemporary forms of slavery, including those in supply chains, remedies may include compensation, medical and psychological care, free legal aid and social services, effective measures aimed at the cessation of continuing violations and alternative livelihood support measures. However, the right to an effective remedy for many workers, in particular the most vulnerable in supply chains, remains largely elusive and redress for corporate human rights violations is hampered by many barriers, including the high costs of litigation and a lack of a free legal aid. Moreover, the victims, especially if not members of trade unions, may not be aware that their rights have been violated. In extreme instances, workers may be enslaved and physically unable to enforce their rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- In the garment and textile sectors, reports indicate a significant risk of contemporary forms of slavery occurring in the complex subcontracting that characterizes the industry in many parts of the world, including the sometimes home-based and informal workshops operating on the margins of the formal economy. Subcontractors such as these are often overlooked both by labour inspections and due diligence systems, making workers in these supply chains particularly vulnerable to exploitation given the quick turnaround time to meet orders from global fashion brands and consumer needs. Contemporary forms of slavery have often been cited as occurring in global supply chains of international brands.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Statements, documentary or other evidence elicited through torture and ill treatment are inadmissible in any proceedings, except against suspected perpetrators. The exclusionary rule is a non-derogable norm of customary international law. It is fundamental to uphold the prohibition of torture and ill treatment by providing a disincentive to them. The rule applies to mistreatment of both suspects and third parties, including witnesses, and against evidence obtained in a third State, and regardless of whether the evidence is corroborated or is uniquely decisive for the case. The exclusionary rule applies in full to the collecting, sharing and receiving of any information tainted by mistreatment (see A/HRC/25/60).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
The right to access information 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In its considerations, the Court has emphasized that the State must demonstrate a certain amount of due diligence in searching and providing information. For example, it was of the view that the State could not seek protection in arguing the lack of existence of the requested documents but, to the contrary, must establish the reason for denying the provision of the said information, demonstrating that it had adopted all the measures within its power to prove that, in effect, the information sought did not exist. Furthermore, the Court deemed it essential that, in order to guarantee the right to information, the public powers should act in good faith and diligently carry out the actions necessary to ensure the effectiveness of that right, especially when it dealt with the right to the truth of what had occurred in cases of gross violations of human rights, such as those of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial execution in the case under consideration.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2013
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
The protection of sources and whistle-blowers 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, those who identify wrongdoing - especially evidence of serious legal violations and human rights abuses, such as sexual and gender-based violence - should be protected from retaliation when they make public disclosures to the media, civil society or Governments. To be sure, disclosures should respect the rights and reputations of others, but in the absence of effective internal systems, external disclosure provides a necessary safety valve to promote accountability and ensure that the public has information about serious wrongdoing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The criminalization of sex work often means that sex workers feel unable to enforce their basic rights, as their status and work are illegal. They "live in fear" of police and clients, and feel unable to report crimes against them due to fear of arrest. Sex workers have reported that they are highly vulnerable to police harassment, particularly in the forms of (a) sex by deception and coercion, (b) extortion and (c) discrimination (including moral punishment, public humiliation and extreme violence driven by contempt). Policing has also been noted as a key issue in shaping the vulnerability of sex workers to HIV.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- It is vital that those designing interventions to assist victims of trafficking differentiate between those persons working in the sex sector against their will and those who consensually participate in sex work. Brothel raids that are designed to assist victims of trafficking but fail to discriminate between these individuals can impede the realization of the right to health of both groups in some circumstances. Conversely, evidence from one study indicates that individuals consensually engaging in sex work are well placed to assist trafficked and underage persons engaging involuntarily in this industry. This demonstrates the benefits of participation as part of a right-to-health approach.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
- Fecha de la modificación
- 13 de feb. de 2020
Párrafo