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-2010: Decenio para lograr la regresión del paludismo en los países en desarrollo, en particular en África (2005), para. 14
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- 4. Insta a los países en los que el paludismo es endémico a que destinen más recursos nacionales a controlarlo;
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
Párrafo
Abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento (1996), para. 03
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- Recordando también su resolución 45/181, de 21 de diciembre de 1990, en la que expresó su profunda preocupación por la lentitud con que se avanzaba en el suministro de servicios en la esfera del agua y el saneamiento,
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
Párrafo
Abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento (1996), para. 06
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- Hondamente preocupada por el hecho de que, al ritmo actual de progreso, el abastecimiento de agua potable será insuficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de un gran número de personas de aquí al año 2000 y de que la falta de avance en el suministro de servicios básicos de saneamiento probablemente tendrá repercusiones enormes en el medio ambiente y la salud en un futuro próximo,
- Temas
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
Párrafo
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 72j
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- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop the necessary legal structure in order to protect resources directly related to the right to access adequate and nutritious food, such as water sources, access to land and seed production;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 4
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- The indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of human rights is often recalled and reiterated in human rights instruments and by human rights bodies, although frequently disregarded in practice. The interdependence of all human rights is unequivocal when considering the situation of persons living in poverty, which is both a cause and a consequence of a range of mutually reinforcing human rights violations. Eradicating extreme poverty not only requires improving access to housing, food, education, health services, water and sanitation, but also requires ensuring that persons living in poverty have the resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary to enjoy the whole spectrum of human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 15
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- Crop breeding and agroecology are complementary. For instance, breeding provides new varieties with shorter growing cycles, which enable farmers to continue farming in regions where the crop season has already shrunk. Breeding can also improve the level of drought resistance in plant varieties, an asset for countries where lack of water is a limiting factor. Reinvesting in agricultural research must consequently mean continued efforts in breeding. However, agroecology is more overarching as it supports building drought-resistant agricultural systems (including soils, plants, agrobiodiversity, etc.), not just drought-resistant plants.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
Párrafo
Actividades emprendidas en preparación del Año Internacional del Agua Dulce, 2003 (2003), para. 05
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- Recordando el compromiso contraído en la Cumbre Mundial sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible de iniciar programas de acción, con asistencia financiera y técnica, para alcanzar el objetivo de desarrollo del Milenio enunciado en la Declaración del Milenio 5 respecto del agua potable, a saber, reducir a la mitad para el año 2015 el porcentaje de personas que carezcan de acceso al agua potable o que no puedan costearlo y el objetivo de la Cumbre de reducir a la mitad el porcentaje de personas que no tengan acceso a servicios básicos de saneamiento 6 ,
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
Párrafo
Actividades realizadas durante el Año Internacional del Agua Dulce, 2003, preparativos del Decenio Internacional para la Acción, “El agua, fuente de vida”, 2005-2015, y nuevas medidas para lograr el desarrollo sostenible de los recursos hídricos (2005), para. 03
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- Destacando que el agua es fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible, en particular para la integridad del medio ambiente y la erradicación de la pobreza y el hambre, y que es indispensable para la salud y el bienestar humanos,
- Temas
- Agua y saneamiento
- Medio Ambiente
- Pobreza
- Salud
- Personas afectadas
- Todos
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 13
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- This section considers the various costs associated with water, sanitation and hygiene, not only direct costs, but also time costs, as well as the additional burdens that corrupt practices and inadequate governance may cause. It concludes by considering the costs of inaction.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 17
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- While often overlooked, the use of hygiene facilities and services also has costs. The main expenses, other than installation of a handwashing station, are for water and soap for handwashing and personal hygiene, for water and cleaning products for domestic and food hygiene, and for sanitary napkins or other products for menstrual hygiene management.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 19
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- Studies have shown that corruption within the water sector is common. Even where services are nominally affordable to people, corruption may increase the cost of accessing services above official pricing. There may be a lack of transparency in decisions relating to the choice of technology or service provider, which can result in inappropriate - often more costly - choices being made. Corruption also affects prices directly when bribes have to be paid for repair work, connection or reconnection. On a larger scale, there can be corruption within tendering processes for the delivery of services. Corruption tends to disproportionately affect poor and disadvantaged individuals and groups, as they lack the necessary power to oppose the vested interests of elites, and do not have the necessary resources to pay bribes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 20
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- Limiting corruption requires focused efforts by States, regulatory bodies and service providers. Introducing a strong legal structure based on human rights can provide for anti-corruption measures such as strengthening transparency and accountability mechanisms. For instance, one city in South-east Asia recognized the importance of addressing corrupt practices in order to increase access to water and sanitation for the poor, and instituted specific measures, including focused training for employees, the establishment of public offices so that customers could pay their bills directly rather than going through bill collectors, and the introduction of meters for all connections.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 25
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- Affordability, as a human rights criterion, requires that the use of water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and services is accessible at a price that is affordable to all people. Paying for these services must not limit people's capacity to acquire other basic goods and services guaranteed by human rights, such as food, housing, health, clothing and education. Affordability standards must be considered together with standards of an adequate quantity and quality of water and sanitation to ensure that human rights standards are met.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 26
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- Affordability provisions in water and sanitation laws are quite common. For instance, in Namibia, the Water Resources Management Act requires ensuring "that all Namibians are provided with an affordable and a reliable water supply that is adequate for basic human needs". In many instances, the challenge is to translate general provisions into concrete affordability standards. Such standards are essential to ensure that tariffs are set in a way that is affordable to people and to ensure accountability. Generally, people are prepared to pay a high price for water because it is essential for so many aspects of a person's life, but this does not justify a high affordability threshold. Willingness-to-pay studies therefore often deliver limited results in terms of people's actual capacity to pay.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 27
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- A number of countries have set standards for affordability. For instance, a regulation in Indonesia explains that "Tariff shall meet the principle of affordability... if domestic expense on the fulfilment of the standard of basic need for drinking water does not exceed 4% (four per cent) of the income of subscribers". For some households, however, even a small proportion of their expenditure will be too much, and water and sanitation must be available for free in these instances.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 28
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- It is impossible to set a generally applicable affordability standard at the global level. Any such standard would be arbitrary and cannot reflect the challenges people face in practice and the context in which they live, including how much they need to spend on housing, food and the realization of other human rights. The affordability of water and sanitation services is highly contextual, and States should therefore determine affordability standards at the national and/or local level. The human rights framework stipulates important parameters for the process of doing so, in particular in terms of participation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 29
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- When seeking to ensure affordability in practice, measures to implement human rights often need to be reconciled with broader considerations of ensuring environmental and economic sustainability. "Social sustainability" in the form of affordable access must not be jeopardized in favour of measures that aim to secure economic and environmental sustainability. To be environmentally sustainable, there must be sufficient water resources of good quality available to serve existing and future users. Water tariffs should be designed to allow for access to sufficient water for essential purposes but, where necessary, to limit use for luxuries. Water resources must be protected from pollution, which means that sanitation services must include appropriate collection, transport, treatment and disposal of wastewater to protect both public health and the environment. However, sanitation tariffs must not be so high that people avoid using the service, which could put a strain on public health.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 40
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- In the majority of developing countries, piped water and sewerage systems are accessible only to a minority of those living in urban areas - and to very few of those living in rural areas. Focusing public finance on networked provision thus disproportionately benefits comparatively better-off households, unless specific action is taken to extend networked provision to all residents.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 42
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- Residents of informal settlements often do not enjoy formal service provision, receiving their services from a range of different, often informal and/or small-scale providers or through self-supply. For water services, this can include water kiosks, water vendors that come to a user's home, as well as piped water delivered to the household. For sanitation, there is an even larger range of types of service, from no service at all through substandard pit latrines (seldom emptied and often overflowing) to shared or community-level toilets, to connections to a rudimentary sewage system, where wastes are not treated, to small-scale sewage systems with adequate treatment plants. Given this range of services that exists outside the formal system, any pricing, subsidy or tariff system can seem irrelevant to an often substantial part of the population. In many cities, tariff structures, subsidy systems or other special measures are only accessible for households with a formal address or to a registered household or individual.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 46
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- More generally, Community-Led Total Sanitation encourages community support and assistance from better-off households to people living in greater poverty. Yet many communities are not a coherent whole; there are entrenched power asymmetries and inequalities. People not only experience different levels of poverty and deprivation, but may be marginalized on grounds of ethnicity, caste or other factors. There may be instances where community support is not forthcoming. In other instances, people may feel that they have to rely on the charitable benevolence of others rather than feel entitled to the realization of their right to sanitation.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 49
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- The first step to ensuring that public financing is targeted toward the most disadvantaged is to acknowledge the inherent inequalities and biases in the current distribution of public financing. On that basis, States must adopt measures to reach the people who rely on public finance to ensure the affordability of water and sanitation services for all and to reduce inequalities in access. States need to reallocate resources to the most disadvantaged. Reallocating current public resources may mean extending access for all to citywide systems in urban areas or shifting from high-cost interventions that serve limited numbers of people to low-cost interventions that provide services to more people, particularly those who most need assistance.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 61
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- A broader mechanism for achieving access to water and sanitation services for people living in poverty is to put in place "social protection floors". These are nationally defined basic social security guarantees that ensure access to essential services, including water and sanitation, as well as providing basic income security to those in need. Human Rights Council resolution 28/12 of 9 April 2015 acknowledged "that social protection floors may facilitate the enjoyment of human rights… safe drinking water and sanitation, in accordance with the human rights obligations of States" and encouraged "States to put in place social protection floors as part of comprehensive social protection systems" (A/HRC/RES/28/12, paras. 6 and 8). Social protection floors can be particularly relevant for achieving gender equality and protecting marginalized or disadvantaged individuals and groups. At the national level, for instance, Cambodia has made support for sanitation and water in times of emergency and crisis a key intervention under the National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable. In Mexico, the federal budget for social spending, which contributes to building a social protection floor, includes water supply and sewerage.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 76
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- Ensuring the affordability of water and sanitation services requires an effective legal and policy framework, which includes a strong regulatory system. The International Water Association Lisbon Charter recognizes the importance of regulation, recommending that regulators "supervise tariff schemes to ensure they are fair, sustainable and fit for purpose; promoting efficiency and affordability".
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Above all, regulation of informal and small-scale service provision should assist in increasing access to water and sanitation for poor and marginalized households, and not hinder such access. Formalization and regulation of informal service provision must pay due attention to the impact of this process on levels of access, affordability and quality of service provision. Where States seek to replace informal service provision with formal providers, they must ensure that people can actually afford these alternatives and do not experience retrogression in the realization of their human rights.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 84
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- In terms of global monitoring, there are heightened challenges due to data gathering and comparability. The proposed goal 6.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals explicitly refers to achieving affordable drinking water for all, hence calling for including the criterion of affordability in global monitoring.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87d
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- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Set affordability standards at the national and/or local level, based on a participatory process, involving in particular people living in poverty and other marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups, that consider all costs associated with water, sanitation and hygiene;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Use public financing to support access for people living in poverty and those who are marginalized or discriminated against and eliminate inequalities in access to water and sanitation services;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur encourages the treaty bodies and other human rights monitoring mechanisms to pay increasing attention to the affordability of water and sanitation service provision in the particular contexts people live in.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2c
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- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures: to ensure the provision of adequate nutrition and safe drinking water;
- Organismo
- Organization of African Unity
- Tipo de documento
- Regional treaty
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 1990
Párrafo
Agenda de Acción de Addis Abeba de la Tercera Conferencia Internacional sobre la Financiación para el Desarrollo (Agenda de Acción de Addis Abeba) (2015), para. 040
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- 34. Reconocemos además que los gastos y las inversiones en el desarrollo sostenible se están transfiriendo al nivel subnacional, donde a menudo no existe suficiente capacidad técnica y tecnológica, financiación ni apoyo. Por lo tanto, nos comprometemos a ampliar la cooperación internacional para fortalecer la capacidad de los municipios y otras autoridades locales. Apoyaremos a las ciudades y las autoridades locales de los países en desarrollo, particularmente de los países menos adelantados y los pequeños Estados insulares en desarrollo, en la construcción de infraestructura resiliente y ambientalmente racional, en ámbitos que incluyan la energía, el transporte, el agua y el saneamiento, y edificios sostenibl es y resilientes que utilicen materiales locales. Nos esforzaremos por prestar apoyo a las administraciones locales en sus esfuerzos por obtener ingresos, según proceda. Potenciaremos la urbanización inclusiva y sostenible y fortaleceremos los vínculos económicos, sociales y ambientales entre las zonas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales reforzando la planificación nacional y regional del desarrollo, en el contexto de las estrategias nacionales de desarrollo sostenible. Trabajaremos para fortalecer la gestión de la deuda y, cuando proceda, para establecer o fortalecer los mercados de bonos municipales con el fin de ayudar a las autoridades subnacionales a financiar las inversiones necesarias. También promoveremos la concesión de préstamos por parte de las instituciones financieras y los bancos de desarrollo, junto con mecanismos de mitigación del riesgo, como el Organismo Multilateral de Garantía de Inversiones, gestionando al mismo tiempo los riesgos cambiarios. En esta labor, alentaremos la participación de las comunidades locales en las decisiones que las afectan, como en las destinadas a mejorar la gestión del agua potable y el saneamiento. Para 2020, aumentaremos el número de ciudades y asentamientos humanos que adoptan y aplican políticas y planes integrados que tienen por objeto promover la inclusión, el uso eficiente de los recursos, la mitigación del cambio climático y la adaptación a él y la resiliencia frente a los desastres. Desarrollaremos y pondremos en práctica la gestión holística del riesgo de desastres a todos los niveles, en consonancia con el Marco de Sendai 12 . A este respecto, apoyaremos la capacidad nacional y local para prevenir las perturbaciones externas, adaptarse a ellas y mitigarlas y para gestionar los riesgos.
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personas afectadas
- All
Párrafo