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Título | Fecha de adición | Plantilla | Document | Paragraph text | Organismo | Tipo de documento | Thematics | Temas | Personas afectadas | Año |
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The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 86 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur reiterates that the ability to peacefully assemble and freely associate is a key aspect of a vibrant democracy and critical for development. In today's globalized world, the meaning and practice of democracy stretches beyond national boundaries. Multilateral entities thus have positive responsibilities to actively protect peaceful assemblies and to establish and maintain an enabling environment for civil society. This is all the more valid when multilateral institutions claim to represent States, which are the primary actors accountable for the respect and promotion of civil liberties. In addition, the Special Rapporteur underlines the obligation of States to protect and facilitate the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association of those engaging with multilateral institutions. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 14 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The right to freedom of peaceful assembly is guaranteed in article 21 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the right to freedom of association in article 22. They are also reflected in article 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and in other specific international and regional human rights treaties or instruments, including the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (art. 5). | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 76 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | According to ILO jurisprudence, decisions to dissolve labour organizations "should only occur in extremely serious cases; such dissolutions should only happen following a judicial decision so that the rights of defence are fully guaranteed". The Special Rapporteur values as best practice legislation that stipulates that such drastic measures be taken by independent and impartial courts. In the United Republic of Tanzania, the case of an association working on gender equality that had been deregistered by the authorities was successfully overturned by the Constitutional Court. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 30 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In the case of simultaneous assemblies at the same place and time, the Special Rapporteur considers it good practice to allow, protect and facilitate all events, whenever possible. In the case of counter-demonstrations, which aim at expressing discontent with the message of other assemblies, such demonstrations should take place, but should not dissuade participants of the other assemblies from exercising their right to freedom of peaceful assembly. In this respect, the role of law enforcement authorities in protecting and facilitating the events is crucial. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 8 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The maintenance of peace during the voting process is necessary for the electorate to turn out and exercise their right to vote. Nevertheless, although important, it should not provide a justification for continuing electoral malpractices and unjustifiable restrictions on the rights to peaceful assembly and of association or other rights, for example, unlimited and uncontrolled bans on protests or demonstrations against election results. Where such rights are violated at any point during the electoral process, prompt and effective remedies should be available and accessible, presided over by impartial arbiters. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 41 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Political parties and their members unduly restricted from exercising their right to free association should have recourse to prompt and effective remedies. The Special Rapporteur again stresses that States have an obligation to provide independent and impartial institutions, including electoral management bodies and media regulatory authorities, in addition to an independent judiciary, to ensure that electoral processes are not exploited, thereby creating an uneven playing field for any political party. In order to be effective, the regulatory body should be independent from executive powers, be empowered and have adequate capacity to formulate, monitor and enforce regulations. These are the key conditions for ensuring the respect of the right to freedom of association in the context of elections. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 7 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Backlash from the Arab Spring of early 2011 continues to be felt globally, with increasingly less space in which civil society actors can promote or defend collectively a field of mutual interest. Democracy involves more than just exercising the right to vote. For democracy to flourish, people must be guaranteed the whole range of fundamental rights and freedoms, including the rights to freedom of expression and of assembly, as a means to influence the public policies of the State. In recent years many States have responded to people's assertions of peaceful dissent by violently clamping down on peaceful protests and other forms of assembly, unduly restricting the ability of associations to form and operate, and physically assaulting civil society actors. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 43 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur also believes that a pro-civil society organization culture within multilateral organizations is crucial. Such a culture should be rooted in the attitude that the organization is an agent dedicated to upholding ideals and effecting change, rather than a bureaucracy built to maintain the status quo. There must also be a willingness to call out Member States who fail to respect fundamental rights. Stating that some issues are "too political" - as the World Bank allegedly did when Human Rights Watch warned them that the Government was closing space for civil society in Egypt - is not acceptable. Finally, it should be acknowledged that a strong civil society sector is essential for multilateral institutions' effectiveness, as it is often the best source of information on the ground. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 14 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur thus believes that the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association - guaranteed at the national level in articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - are equally fundamental, and protected, at the international level. These rights are necessary in order to aggregate and amplify the voices of those who would otherwise not be heard on the multilateral stage. As the Special Rapporteur has stated previously, they serve as a vehicle for the exercise of many other civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights (see A/HRC/20/27). At the heart of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association is the obligation for States to create and ensure environments in which civil society can exist and thrive. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 25 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Effective engagement also requires a robust mechanism for ordinary citizens to submit information and complaints. Multilateral institutions should do more to expand their efforts in this area. The World Bank, for example, has the Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman and its Inspection Panel, an independent complaints mechanism for people and communities who believe that they have been, or are likely to be, adversely affected by a World Bank-funded project. Although some have criticized these processes for failing to protect labour rights and not adequately guarding against discrimination, the concept of having such a complaint system is a good one and should be encouraged. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Ability of associations to access financial resources as a vital part of the right to freedom of association & Ability to hold peaceful assemblies as an integral component of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly 2013, para. 31 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Human Rights Council resolution 22/6 calls upon States to ensure that "that no law should criminalize or delegitimize activities in defence of human rights on account of the origin of funding thereto." Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights requires States to "take steps, individually or through international assistance and co-operation […] to the maximum of their available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant". Coupled with article 11 of the same Covenant, which provides for States to "take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent" (emphasis added), this means that States have the obligation to mobilize resources that are available within the society as a whole, but also to gather those that are available from the international community. Hence, restrictions on foreign funding under the guise of preservation of State sovereignty arguably constitute a violation of States' obligation to respect, protect and fulfil these rights, as it amounts to failure on the part of the State to maximize resources through international assistance and cooperation. This is also the sense of the Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which stipulate that violations of these rights notably include: "the adoption of legislation or policies which are manifestly incompatible with pre-existing legal obligations relating to these rights […]; the adoption of any deliberately retrogressive measure that reduces the extent to which any such right is guaranteed." | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 96 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The right to freedom of peaceful assembly is sometimes misconstrued as relating only to protests and other public expressions of collective political activity. However, the right also protects private and non-political public gatherings. Associations and businesses may organize and hold gatherings for a variety of objectives, commercial and non-commercial, including meeting members, beneficiaries, clients, donors or investors as part of their internal governance obligations or in the course of their operations; assemblies for expressive purposes; and marketing or public relations. States have an obligation under international law to facilitate peaceful assemblies, yet they can treat assemblies in very different ways, sometimes without an objective or legal basis to do so. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Comparative study of enabling environments for associations and businesses 2015, para. 106 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | He believes that these differences are motivated more by politics than practicality. Economic and commercial interests are prized over what are perceived as non-economic activities. Consequently, the influence and opinions of industry take precedence in State policy over social justice and fundamental rights. This approach ignores the fact that a vibrant civil society is essential for sustainable economic development, and that businesses benefit from an empowered civil society sector. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 74g | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | [In relation to recommendations pertaining to the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, the Special Rapporteur reiterates all the recommendations contained in his previous thematic reports. They are all the more relevant for individuals belonging to groups most at risk whose rights are more likely to be violated or unduly restricted. In particular, he calls upon States to:] Ensure that individuals belonging to groups most at risk who are victims of violations and abuse of their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association have the right to a timely and effective remedy and obtain redress. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of natural resource exploitation projects 2015, para. 52 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur notes that requirements to obtain prior authorization before gatherings related to the exploitation of natural resources - such as information sessions, consultations, public hearings and the like - not only infringe on the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, they also impede the right of affected communities to access information and participate in decision-making. In Uganda, non-governmental organizations working on oil issues are reportedly required by authorities to seek permission, in particular from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development before they can meet with grassroots communities, although the authorities have made efforts to remedy this situation. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of natural resource exploitation projects 2015, para. 21 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association find expression at the global level in article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise, 1948 (No. 87), and the ILO Convention concerning the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining, 1949 (No. 98), protect the rights of workers to freely establish, join and run organizations of their choosing without unjustifiable interference from the State. Workers are also protected from anti-union discrimination and guaranteed the right to collectively bargain. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of natural resource exploitation projects 2015, para. 29 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur considers the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and the Open Government Partnership important for enhancing the public's access to information and for reforming government policies that lead to exclusion, inequality and the marginalization of those who should benefit from natural resource exploitation. These initiatives can reinforce and open more space for civil society to engage with other stakeholders in decision-making on natural resource exploitation, but only if there is an enabling environment for civil society as a whole. General restrictions on civil society negatively affect their participation within these initiatives, and it is unacceptable to create space only for civil society working on natural resource issues. Effective participation by civil society in these initiatives and the ability of a broader portion of civil society to freely associate and peacefully assemble are both necessary. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 85 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Governments and employers are not the only entities that influence workers' ability to exercise their peaceful assembly and association rights. Multilateral financial institutions may condition government loans on measures that weaken labour protections, deny workers a voice in the process and move employment towards informality. Recent International Monetary Fund loans to Romania and Greece were conditioned on limiting or denying workers' rights and benefits. Meanwhile, the same financial institutions fail to enforce their own labour standards, as in Uzbekistan, where the World Bank-funded projects that benefit the Government's cotton sector are plagued by State-sponsored forced labour. The Special Rapporteur notes that the World Bank recently adopted a new environmental and social framework that specifies that workers' rights must be respected in Bank-financed projects. He is concerned, however, that the labour safeguards do not reference international human rights standards and, as such, may be weakened by national laws. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 55 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights both explicitly protect the right to form and join trade unions. International human rights law also imposes upon States a duty to actively promote, encourage and facilitate the enjoyment of fundamental rights, including labour rights (A/70/266, para. 4). Further, the notion that States should promote trade unionism among workers is implicit in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. States must take measures to ensure that third parties do not interfere with union rights. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 60 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Legislative precariousness regarding the freedoms of association and of peaceful assembly is widespread globally, as is the lack of policy harmony surrounding it. States frequently pass laws that are not fully protective of assembly and association rights, explicitly restrict rights and exclude certain groups or limit certain components of rights. For example, in India, where tens of millions of workers are in the informal economy, the Government is working to increase the flexibility of labour laws to make it easier for employers to fire workers. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 58 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | States have the primary role in preventing or halting violations of workers' rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, with clear obligations to protect, promote, facilitate and fulfil those rights, even in the global economy. Yet workers' ability to exercise their rights is in precipitous decline. Many States place obstacles, both in law and practice, that restrict workers' rights or fail to enforce laws protecting those rights. The International Trade Union Confederation found that 50 of 141 countries surveyed had such restrictions. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 8 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur is not concerned with fundamentalist viewpoints per se, but rather with fundamentalism in action: concrete, specific violations of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association that are motivated by these viewpoints. Mere voluntary adherence to a fundamentalist belief system is not a human rights violation in and of itself. The right to hold opinions and the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion are protected by articles 18 and 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 17 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The values of pluralism, tolerance and broadmindedness are at the core of any successful and stable democratic State. Indeed, the European Court of Human Rights has stated that there can be no democracy without pluralism. The Special Rapporteur has previously noted (see A/HRC/26/29, para. 31) that the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are so fundamental in part because of their crucial role in promoting pluralism. They provide a platform for all people - including those at the margins - in any society to mobilize, organize, and work towards change in a peaceful manner. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 15 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In other cases, violations may arise due to the inability or unwillingness of the State to respond to the actions of non-State actors. The State's failure to protect participants in a peaceful rally against violent, fundamentalist counter-protesters, for example, constitutes a violation of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. It does not matter if the State does not officially promote the counter-protesters' ideology; it has a positive duty to protect those exercising their right to peaceful assembly, even if they are promoting unpopular positions. Similarly, States may violate their duty to protect by failing to investigate allegations of rights violations and to hold the perpetrators accountable, by ignoring retaliation against victims of violations and by failing to ensure the protection of rights for certain groups. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 31 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Free markets have undoubtedly contributed to producing great amounts of monetary wealth and impressive technological advancements. Yet the pursuit of this wealth in some cases has also contributed to environmental destruction, growing income inequality and the erosion of protections for workers. It is important that people on both sides of this argument be given equal freedom and facilitation to air their views in a peaceful manner. As the Special Rapporteur has repeatedly emphasized, States should also not favour businesses over civil society reflexively, but instead should adopt a policy of "sectoral equity" - a fair, transparent and impartial approach in which the regulation of each sector is grounded in international law, standards and norms (see A/70/266). | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 18 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The values of pluralism and tolerance also lie at the heart of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 2 (1) requires each State party "to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status". Furthermore, article 20 (2) prohibits advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 35 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The right to life (art. 3 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and art. 6 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and the right to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 5 of the Declaration and art. 7 of the Covenant) should be the overarching principles governing the policing of public assemblies, as stated by several countries. In this regard, soft law provisions - the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (in particular articles 2 and 3) and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (in particular principles 4, 9 and 13) - aim at guiding law enforcement officials when policing peaceful protests. In this connection, the Inter-American Court on Human Rights stated that the "pretext of maintenance of public security cannot be invoked to violate the right to life … the State must ensure that, if it is necessary to resort to physical means ... members of its armed forces and its security bodies will use only those means that are indispensable to control such situations in a rational and proportional manner, and respecting the rights to life and to humane treatment". The Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions also stated that "the only circumstances warranting the use of firearms, including during demonstrations, is the imminent threat of death or serious injury" (A/HRC/17/28, para. 60). With regard to the use of tear gas, the Special Rapporteur recalls that gas does not discriminate between demonstrators and non-demonstrators, healthy people and people with health conditions. He also warns against any modification of the chemical composition of the gas for the sole purpose of inflicting severe pain on protestors and, indirectly, bystanders. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 4 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Democracy, as a system through which the people participate directly or indirectly in the conduct of public affairs, has broad appeal across the globe. Elections, referendums and plebiscites, in which people choose their representatives and express their choice of laws or policies, are held in the majority of countries in the world. As stipulated in article 21 (3) of the Universal Declaration of Human rights, democracy is a process in which "[t]he will of the people [is] to be the basis of the authority of government". It is commonly thought of as a process with regular periodic, free and competitive elections to decide on policies directly or indirectly through chosen representatives that must be accountable to their electorate. In other words, democracy, as reflected in the electoral process, generally involves the use of clear predictable processes with uncertain outcomes, while a non-democracy can be identified by the fact that the whole electoral process is characterized by unclear and uncertain processes but with predictable outcomes. Nevertheless, the quality of elections is increasingly coming under scrutiny in order to ensure that election outcomes are representative of the will of the people. Elections confer legitimacy on Governments; if those elections are not considered to reflect the will of the people, therefore, a sense of discontent and disenfranchisement may result and sometimes cause violent conflict. In order to sustain the democratic ideal, it is necessary for regimes to uphold the rule of law, respect and protect human rights and remain vigilant and responsive to peoples' views and opinions at all times. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 12 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In its resolution 15/21, the Human Rights Council calls upon States to respect and fully protect the rights of all individuals to assemble peacefully and associate freely, including in the context of elections. In addition to the notion of democracy, the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are implicit in the right to take part in the Government of one's country, as affirmed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states in article 21 (3) that "[t]he will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures". Similarly, article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirms every citizen's right without prohibited distinctions and unreasonable restrictions: (a) to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives; (b) to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors; and (c) to have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country. The Human Rights Committee recognizes that the full enjoyment of those rights depends on the free communication of information and ideas about public and political issues between citizens, candidates and elected representatives, which requires the free exercise of the rights to peaceful assembly and association, among other rights (general comment No. 25, para. 25). The General Assembly, in its resolution 59/201 declared that freedom of association and peaceful assembly were essential elements of democracy, together with the right to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic free elections, and encouraged the strengthening of political party systems and civil society organizations. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 15 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In order to provide robust protection to civic engagement at the multilateral level, it must be recognized that freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are inextricably intertwined with the right to take part in the conduct of public affairs, the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the right of access to information and other relevant rights, such as articles 25 and 19 of the International Covenant. The Human Rights Committee, in general comment 25, paragraph 5, recognizes the right to participate in public affairs to cover "all aspects of public administration, and the formulation and implementation of policy at international, national, regional and local levels". Similarly, the freedoms of opinion and expression are necessary components to ensuring that civic voices are heard at the multilateral platforms. For civil society to engage effectively in global decision-making, the right to access information is indispensable. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 |