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Título | Fecha de adición | Plantilla | Organo | Condicón jurídica | Tipo de documento | Año | Código de documento | Document | Paragraph text | Thematics | Temas | Personas afectadas | Año |
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22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2019 | A/HRC/40/62/Add.2 | |||||||
Abordar las barreras actitudinales que experimentan las personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2021 | A/76/166 | ||||||
Adición - Informe del taller de expertos sobre la brujería y los derechos humanos | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2018 | A/HRC/37/57/Add.2 | ||||||
Adición - Plan de Acción Regional sobre el Albinismo en África (2017-2021) - Nota de la Secretaría | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2017 | A/HRC/37/57/Add.3 | ||||||
Albinismo en todo el mundo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2019 | A/74/190 | ||||||
Corrección | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2020 | A/74/190/Corr.1 | ||||||
Defensores de derechos humanos y personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2022 | A/HRC/52/36 | ||||||
El cambio climático y las personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2023 | A/78/167 | ||||||
Informe a la Asamblea General | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2017 | A/72/131 | ||||||
Informe de la Experta Independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2017 | A/HRC/37/57 | ||||||
Informe temático sobre el acceso a la justicia | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2019 | A/HRC/40/62 | ||||||
La Agenda 2030 agenda para el Desarrollo Sostenible y los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2018 | A/73/181 | ||||||
Las mujeres y los niños afectados por el albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2019 | A/HRC/43/42 | ||||||
Logros, realizaciones, desafíos y el camino a seguir: Una visión general del trabajo sobre el Mandato | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2020 | A/HRC/46/32 | ||||||
Personas con albinismo en movimiento | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2022 | A/77/199 | ||||||
Prácticas nocivas y delitos motivados por el odio contra personas con albinismo | 22 de ene. de 2024 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2022 | A/HRC/49/56 | ||||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Document | Experto independiente sobre el disfrute de los derechos humanos de las personas con albinismo | Derecho dispositivo no negociado | Informe de procedimientos especiales | 2016 | A/71/255 | ||||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 4 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Over the centuries and across the world, myths about albinism have been developed and have taken deep root in various cultures. Widespread and long-term ignorance about the condition has given birth to myths, some of them age-old and most of them erroneous. Such myths can be found in various regions of the world, as evidenced in the pejorative names used for persons with albinism across cultures and continents, including "dry pigeon peas", "ghost", "chicken", "strange being", "monkey", "fake white man", "goat" or the "devil in person". |
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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 5 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Some myths seek to explain albinism and address the reason why a person has the condition. Others attribute specific powers to persons with albinism, demonstrating fear of the unknown and the desire to distance oneself from them. Another group of myths presents ostracism, exclusion and discrimination against persons with albinism as a natural necessity. A number of these myths are highly concerning, as they seek to strip persons with albinism of their humanity and represent them as a means to an end as opposed to an end in themselves. |
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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 6 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Albinism is a condition that results in a significant or near total lack of pigmentation in any or all of the skin, hair and eyes. The most significant human rights issues have emerged from myths linked to the form of albinism involving a lack of pigmentation in the skin. This is also the most visible form of albinism. All forms of albinism are together understood as rare, non-contagious, genetically inherited and occurring in both sexes, regardless of ethnicity, in all countries of the world. However, in most communities around the world, albinism is not fully understood. |
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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 7 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Myths about albinism include the belief that a child with albinism is a curse meted out on the mother or family of the child. It is also sometimes believed that children with albinism are the result of their family's or parent's evildoing and they are therefore considered a punishment to the whole family and community. In most cases, the blame for having a child with albinism is often attributed to the mother because the curse is believed to be matrilineal, transmitted by the mother's side of the family. There are also beliefs that women who give birth to children with albinism are unclean, or even in some cases witches. A similar myth is that the mother of a child with albinism stepped onto something evil, leading to a curse on the whole family. |
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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 8 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Similarly, myths accuse the mothers of children with albinism of having been unfaithful, specifically for having extraconjugal affairs with a white man, with a ghost or with a spirit such as the tokolosh (a malevolent spirit in the Shona tradition). There is also a myth that children with albinism are the product of incest. |
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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 9 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Further, it is also sometimes believed that albinism can be contracted by being in contact with albinism. The same myth is extended to things that have been touched by persons with albinism. There are also beliefs that if a pregnant woman looks at a person with albinism, even unintendedly, her unborn child will be born with albinism, unless she spits to neutralize the "curse". Persons spit at the person with albinism, on the floor, inside their shirts or on their stomachs in the case of pregnant women. One mother of a child with albinism reported that she gave birth to a child with albinism for having herself stared too hard at a person with albinism while fetching water during her pregnancy. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 10 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Other myths seek an explanation in existing traditional beliefs associated with childbirth. It has been reported, for example, that the birth of children with albinism could be linked to the "snake inside the woman" turning away from that pregnancy. The snake is considered the protector of the pregnancy, monitoring it. Other explanations are that a child born with albinism was conceived when a woman had intercourse while she was menstruating. Further, some mythological beliefs seek to explain the condition by advancing that the mother of the child with albinism was struck by lightning or that albinism occurs when a mother does not consume enough salt in her diet. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 11 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | The lack of understanding of the condition is also illustrated by myths that persons with albinism cannot have children who do not have albinism, or that they are sterile. Furthermore, it is often believed that persons with albinism can only be found within one`s proximate race; consequently, the worldwide status of the condition is often not generally known. This narrow understanding of the frequency of albinism feeds into myths which present the condition as a particular problem supernaturally aimed at specific women and families. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 12 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | It is evident that none of these myths are true, yet they demonstrate the lack of understanding of the genetic nature of albinism. This absence of scientific knowledge and the resort to myths to provide explanations concerning albinism lead to discrimination against persons with albinism and their families, mothers in particular. However, this should not lead to the conclusion that public education alone will eradicate these myths. Evidence shows that even where the truth and the scientific basis of albinism are known, they can co-exist with myths. Scientific explanations of the origins of albinism can answer the question "why?". But they fail to answer particular, localized and personal questions such as "why in this particular person?" and "why at this particular time and place?". The inability of science to answer these questions means that many turn to explanations proposed by supernatural beliefs such as witchcraft, and its practitioners, also known as witchdoctors. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 13 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Myths attributing special powers or qualities to persons with albinism tend to dehumanize persons with albinism. Such myths do not seek to provide an explanation for the condition but aim to single out persons with albinism by imputing non-human or superhuman features to them. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 14 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | This is the case, for example, in the myths that persons with albinism cannot see during the day but have excellent vision at night, that desirable minerals such as mercury and gold flow through their veins or that they float on water and cannot drown. Other myths seeking to dehumanize persons with albinism include those portraying them as cannibals or monstrous creatures in certain folktales, literature and films, or claiming that they can communicate with non-earthly or extraterrestrial beings. |
| 2016 | |||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 15 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Furthermore, myths also portray children with albinism as symbols of evil spirits that need to be chased away. To do so, it appears that rituals are conducted whereby the child is forced to drink a potion or go through other ritual ceremonies and trials by ordeal. |
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| 2016 | ||||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 16 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Most potent is the belief that persons with albinism can be used in money-making rituals and for good luck charms and amulets. The crux of this belief is the notion that the body parts of persons with albinism - their skin, hair, genitals and limbs - can generate financial and other desirable gains when used for witchcraft rituals, practices and paraphernalia. |
| 2016 |