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Título | Fecha de adición | Plantilla | Document | Paragraph text | Organismo | Tipo de documento | Thematics | Temas | Personas afectadas | Año |
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Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 85 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur encourages the translation of websites into multiple languages, including languages spoken by minorities and indigenous peoples, and their accessibility to persons with disabilities. Allowing people speaking different languages or with disabilities to participate in the same communication platform facilitates a truly global society. In addition, he recommends that all States ensure that all relevant governance information, including on the local levels, is available and accessible in the language of all those concerned. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The right to freedom of opinion and expression exercised through the Internet 2011, para. 87 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Where the infrastructure for Internet access is present, the Special Rapporteur encourages States to support initiatives to ensure that online information can be accessed in a meaningful way by all sectors of the population, including persons with disabilities and persons belonging to linguistic minorities. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The protection of sources and whistle-blowers 2015, para. 6 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Regional and international human rights instruments also advance the public's right to receive information. The Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States parties to ensure that children have access to information in order to support individual development and a capacity to participate in public life (art. 17). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires States parties to promote appropriate forms of assistance and support to persons with disabilities to ensure their access to information (art. 9 (2) (f)). The Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights have highlighted the importance of the right of access to information to the realization of social and economic rights (see A/HRC/20/15 and A/HRC/23/36). The right is further reflected in international standards on the environment, efforts to combat corruption and development. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 55 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Other positive initiatives to overcome language barriers include, for example, the World Digital Library, which provides free, multilingual access to documentary heritage held in institutions around the world, aimed at a diverse audience, from students, teachers to ordinary members of the public. Furthermore, the content is contributed by partner institutions in the language of origin and is accessed through an interactive interface in seven languages, and allows for voice enabled browsing and can allow easy access to people with visual disabilities. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 61 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | For children to be able to form their own views and become informed and responsible citizens, they also need to have access to information from a range of sources. This access is limited for many children, in particular for those living in isolated communities and those deprived of their liberty. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has also raised the issue of accessibility of information for minority groups, which may not be sufficiently relevant to their needs or in their own language, and for children with disabilities. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 51 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur underscores that the needs of persons with disabilities should be taken into account when designing and implementing Internet infrastructure at all levels. This can be in relation to distribution, user facilities as well as access devices. Some positive examples include the "Community Access" programme in Canada, which seeks to provide an appropriate number of sites with enhanced accessibility to meet the broad range of needs of persons with disabilities. The programme also aims to provide Internet access to less likely users, such as individuals with low incomes, rural or Aboriginal population, the elderly and immigrants. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Freedom of expression, States and the private sector in the digital age 2016, para. 28 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Another group of organizations establishes and develops technical standards for how Internet data are communicated, stored, arranged and presented. The Internet Engineering Task Force develops and maintains the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which determines how devices connect over the Internet and how data are transmitted between them. The World Wide Web Consortium sets standards concerning the display of, and interaction with, web content, which implicates issues such as language content and access for the disabled. ICANN sets policies for the registration of top-level domain names, whether generic (such as .com, .org, .edu), country code (.cn, .tj, .sg) or community or industry-specific (such as .aero). Its subsidiary, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, manages the distribution of Internet Protocol addresses, which assign and identify each device that connects to the Internet with unique numerical labels. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 50 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities outlines general principles to which States that have ratified the Convention should adhere, including full and effective participation and inclusion in society and accessibility (article 3, paras. (c) and (f)). The Convention further stipulates that States should "promote the availability and use of new technologies, including information and communications technologies, mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies, suitable for persons with disabilities, giving priority to technologies at an affordable cost" (article 4, para. 1 (g)), and "promote access for persons with disabilities to new information and communications technologies and systems, including the Internet" (article 9, para. 2 (g)). To ensure fulfilment of these obligations, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has recommended the following principles for ICT accessibility: equal access, functional equivalency, accessibility, affordability and design for all. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The right to freedom of opinion and expression exercised through the Internet 2011, para. 61 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The term "digital divide" refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technologies, in particular the Internet, and those with very limited or no access at all. In contrast to 71.6 Internet users per 100 inhabitants in developed States, there are only 21.1 Internet users per 100 inhabitants in developing States. This disparity is starker in the African region, with only 9.6 users per 100 inhabitants. In addition, digital divides also exist along wealth, gender, geographical and social lines within States. Indeed, with wealth being one of the significant factors in determining who can access information communication technologies, Internet access is likely to be concentrated among socio-economic elites, particularly in countries where Internet penetration is low. In addition, people in rural areas are often confronted with obstacles to Internet access, such as lack of technological availability, slower Internet connection, and/or higher costs. Furthermore, even where Internet connection is available, disadvantaged groups, such as persons with disabilities and persons belonging to minority groups, often face barriers to accessing the Internet in a way that is meaningful, relevant and useful to them in their daily lives. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 49 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Persons with disabilities often face additional obstacles in making full and effective use of the Internet. For example, in the United States of America, where 81 per cent of the total population has access to the Internet, this figure reaches only 54 per cent among people with disabilities. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 53 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur welcomes such initiatives, and stresses the need for States to ensure that everyone, including persons with disabilities, can fully participate in the information society. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 43 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In addition to banning information outright, some school curricula present biased accounts of history or prejudiced views of certain groups, such as girls, sexual or ethnic minorities or children with disabilities, which can negatively affect children's freedom to form their own views and instead perpetuate discrimination - a situation raised by various United Nations treaty bodies in their recommendations to States. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 |
12 listados de 12 Entidades